01.Understand the concept of ‘Overheads’.
02.Understand classification, allocation, apportionment and absorption of overheads.
03. Understand the Primary and Secondary Distribution of Overheads.
04. Understand the Traditional & Activity Based Costing methods
05. Identify the value added & non value added activity
Cost control and cost reduction are the two most viewed area in finance. Every corporate entity will have a specialized department to study on cost aspects. Apart from finance it is places a great role in micro economics.This presentation will helpful to university students in their study and enhance greater knowledge.
01.Understand the concept of ‘Overheads’.
02.Understand classification, allocation, apportionment and absorption of overheads.
03. Understand the Primary and Secondary Distribution of Overheads.
04. Understand the Traditional & Activity Based Costing methods
05. Identify the value added & non value added activity
Cost control and cost reduction are the two most viewed area in finance. Every corporate entity will have a specialized department to study on cost aspects. Apart from finance it is places a great role in micro economics.This presentation will helpful to university students in their study and enhance greater knowledge.
A power point presentation describing some basic definitions, father of cost accounting, Indian aspect of cost accounting and Various Methods and Techniques of costing.
Presented by: Aquib Ali, Ajay Gupta and Ashwin Showi. (M.Com students)
at the Bhopal School of Social Sciences(BSSS) on 6 September, 2017
A power point presentation describing some basic definitions, father of cost accounting, Indian aspect of cost accounting and Various Methods and Techniques of costing.
Presented by: Aquib Ali, Ajay Gupta and Ashwin Showi. (M.Com students)
at the Bhopal School of Social Sciences(BSSS) on 6 September, 2017
PRINCIPLES OF BUSINESS DECISIONS
MODULE: COST ANALYSIS
CONTENT
Various concepts of cost
;Fixed cost and Variable cost
Opportunity cost and Outlay cost
Short term and Long term cost
Explicit cost and Implicit cost
Past and Future costs
Economics and Accounting cost
Out of pocket cost and Book cost
Incremental and Sunk cost
Avoidable and Unavoidable costs
Replacement and Historical cost
Shut down and Abandonment cost
DETERMINANTS OF COST
Introduction
General Determinants
Output Level
Prices of factors of production
Productivities of factors of production
Technology
COST OUPUT RELATIONSHIP
Short Run
Long Run
OPTIMUM FIRM
Meaning
Short Run
Long Run
CA NOTES ON DEPRECIATION
FREE AFFIDAVITS AND NOTICES FORMATS
FREE AGREEMENTS AND CONTRACTS FORMATS
FREE LLB LAW NOTES
FREE CA ICWA NOTES
FREE LLB LAW FIRST SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW SECOND SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW THIRD SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW FOURTH SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW FIFTH SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW SIXTH SEM NOTES
FREE CA ICWA FOUNDATION NOTES
FREE CA ICWA INTERMEDIATE NOTES
FREE CA ICWA FINAL NOTES
KANOON KE RAKHWALE INDIA
HIRE LAWYER ONLINE
LAW FIRMS IN DELHI
CA FIRM DELHI
VISIT : https://www.kanoonkerakhwale.com/
VISIT : https://hirelawyeronline.com/
Property Plan, Plan assets, Equipment, Land, building, journal entries, property plan and equipment, advance business consulting, jose cintron, mba4help.com
Meaning Of Accounting.
Accounting as a source of information.
Role of an accountant.
Characteristics of an accounting information.
Objectives of accounting
Basic terms in accounting
About V-Gourd.
Founder of V-Gourd.
Managing director of V-gourd.
Vision & Mission.
Manufacturing products of V-Gourd.
Certificates awarded by R&D team for Quality assurance.
Meaning Of Accounting.
Accounting as a source of information.
Role of an accountant.
Characteristics of an accounting information.
Objectives of accounting
Basic terms in accounting
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2. THE CALCULATION OF DEPRECIATION DEPENDS ON COST,
ESTIMATED USEFUL LIFE OF ASSET AND PROBABLE SALVAGE VALUE
OR RESTORE VALUE OF ASSET.
THERE ARE MAINLY FOUR FACTORS THAT AFFECTING THE AMOUNT
OF DEPRECIATION. THEY ARE:
1. COST OF ASSET
2. ESTIMATED NET RESIDUAL VALUE
3. DEPRECIABLE COST
4. ESTIMATED USEFUL LIFE
3. COST OF ASSET
1. THE COST OF ASSET ALSO CALLED AS HISTORICAL COST OR ORIGINAL
COST OF ASSET.
2. THE COST OF ASSET INCLUDES INVOICE PRICE AND OTHER COST SUCH
AS FREIGHT AND TRANSPORTATION COST, TRANSIT INSURANCE,
INSTALLATION COST, REGISTRATION COST, COMMISSION PAID ON
PURCHASE OF ASSET ADD ITEMS SUCH AS SOFTWARE, ETC. WHICH ARE
NECESSARY TO PUT THE ASSET IN USE .
3. IN CASE OF PURCHASE OF A SECOND HAND ASSET IT INCLUDES INITIAL
REPAIR COST TO PUT THE ASSET IN WORKABLE CONDITION.
4. 1. ACCORDING TO ACCOUNTING STANDAND-6 OF ICAI, COST OF A
FIXED ASSET IS “THE TOTAL COST SPENT IN CONNECTION WITH
ITS ACQUISITION, INSTALLATION AND COMMISSIONING AS WELL
AS FOR ADDITION OR IMPROVEMENT OF THE DEPRECIABLE
ASSET”.
2. FOR EXAMPLE, A PHOTOCOPY MACHINE IS PURCHASED FOR
RS.50,000 AND RS.5,000 IS SPENT ON ITS TRANSPORTATION
AND INSTALLATION. IN THIS CASE THE ORIGINAL COST OF THE
MACHINE IS RS.55,000 (I.E. RS.50,000 + RS.5,000 ) WHICH WILL
BE WRITTEN- OFF AS DEPRECIATION OVER THE USEFUL LIFE OF
THE MACHINE.
5. ESTIMATED NET RESIDUAL VALUE
1. NET RESIDUAL VALUE IS THE ESTIMATED NET REALISABLE VALUE (OR
SALE VALUE) OF THE ASSET AT THE END OF ITS USEFUL LIFE .
2. THE NET RESIDUAL VALUE IS CALCULATED AFTER DEDUCTING THE
EXPENSES NECESSARY FOR THE DISPOSAL (DISTRIBUTION) OF THE
ASSET.
3. FOR EXAMPLE, A MACHINE IS PURCHASED FOR RS.50,000 AND IS
EXPECTED TO HAVE A USEFUL LIFE OF 10 YEARS. AT THE END OF 10TH
YEAR IT IS EXPECTED TO HAVE A SALE VALUE OF RS.6,000 BUT
EXPENSES RELATED TO ITS DISPOSAL ARE ESTIMATED AT RS.1,000.
THEN ITS NET RESIDUAL VALUE SHALL BE RS.5,000 (I.E. RS.6,000 –
RS.1,000).
6. DEPRECIABLE COST
• DEPRECIABLE COST = (ORIGINAL COST OF THE ASSET – ESTIMATED NET RESIDUAL
VALUE OF
THE ASSET)
• FOR EX : A MACHINE PURCHASED FOR RS.50,000
TRANSPORTATION AND INSTALLATION
+RS.5,000
-------------------------------- ORIGINAL COST OF MACHINE
IS (50,000+5,000) RS.55,000 EXPECTED TO HAVE
USEFUL LIFE OF 10 YEARS AND AT THE END
OF 10TH YEAR IT IS EXPECTED TO HAVE A SALE VALUE OF RS.11,000
BUT EXPENSES RELATED TO ITS DISPOSAL ARE ESTIMATED AT -
RS.1,000 -------
--------------------------
NET RESIDUAL VALUE SHALL BE (11,000-1000) RS.10,000
---------------------------
------
7. • RS.45,000 SHALL BE CHARGED AS DEPRECIATION OVER A PERIOD
OF 10 YEARS.
• IT IS IMPORTANT TO MENTION HERE THAT TOTAL AMOUNT OF
DEPRECIATION CHARGED OVER THE USEFUL LIFE OF THE ASSET
MUST BE EQUAL TO THE DEPRECIABLE COST.
EX :RS.45,000 = 45,000*10% OF 10
TIMES 10 = 45,000
1 = ?
• 1*45,000/10 = 4,500 . IT IS THE 10% OF 45,000. SO CHARGE OF
DEPRECIATION ON ASSET, HERE IS 10% FOR 1 YEAR.
• IF NOT THEN CAPITAL EXPENDITURE IS UNDER RECOVERED. IT
VIOLATES THE PRINCIPLE OF PROPER MATCHING OF REVENUE AND
EXPENSE.
8. ESTIMATED USEFUL LIFE
• AS PER ACCOUNTING STANDARD – 6 USEFUL LIFE OF AN ASSET IS
NORMALLY THE “PERIOD OVER WHICH IT IS EXPECTED TO BE USED BY
THE ENTERPRISE”.
• IN SIMPLE USEFUL LIFE OF THE ASSET IS THE PERIOD TILL EXPIRY OF THE
ASSET ON THE OTHER HAND IT IS ECONOMIC OR COMMERCIAL LIFE OF
THE ASSET.
• PHYSICAL LIFE OF AN ASSET IS NOT IMPORTANT BECAUSE THE ASSET
MAY EXIST PHYSICALLY BUT NOT CAPABLE FOR THE USE AFTER THE
EXPIRY DATE. FOR EX: A MACHINE IS
PURCHASED AND IT IS ESTIMATED THAT IT CAN BE USED IN
PRODUCTION PROCESS FOR 5 YEARS. AFTER 5 YEARS THE MACHINE
MAY STILL BE IN GOOD PHYSICAL CONDITION BUT CAN’T BE USED
FOR PRODUCTION PROFITABLY, I.E., IF IT IS STILL USED THE COST
OF PRODUCTION MAY BE VERY HIGH.
9. • ESTIMATION OF USEFUL LIFE OF AN ASSET IS DIFFICULT AS IT DEPENDS
UPON SEVERAL FACTORS SUCH AS USAGE LEVEL OF ASSET,
MAINTENANCE OF THE ASSET, TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES, MARKET
CHANGES, ETC.
• THE USEFUL LIFE OF AN ASSET IS EXPRESSED IN NUMBER OF YEARS BUT
IT CAN ALSO BE EXPRESSED IN OTHER UNITS, E.G., NUMBER OF UNITS
OF OUTPUT (AS IN CASE OF MINES) OR NUMBER OF WORKING HOURS.
• USEFUL LIFE DEPENDS UPON THE FOLLOWING FACTORS :
• PRE-DETERMINED BY LEGAL OR CONTRACTUAL LIMITS, E.G. IN CASE OF
LEASEHOLD ASSET, THE USEFUL LIFE IS THE PERIOD OF LEASE.
• THE NUMBER OF SHIFTS FOR WHICH ASSET IS TO BE USED.
• REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE POLICY OF THE BUSINESS ORGANISATION.
• TECHNOLOGICAL OBSOLESCENCE.
• INNOVATION/IMPROVEMENT IN PRODUCTION METHOD.
• LEGAL OR OTHER RESTRICTIONS.