The document provides an overview of the anatomy of cranial nerves, particularly focusing on the facial nerve (CN VII), which is responsible for various functions including sensory and motor innervation. It details the origins, pathways, and branches of the facial nerve, as well as its roles in supplying muscles and glands of the head and neck. Key branches of the facial nerve and their functions are also listed, along with a mnemonic for memorizing the cranial nerves.

1. Mohammad saleh Moallem
SHANDONG UNIVERSITY
默汉 201816230152

2. Question

3. 1. Please reveal the anatomy of facial nerves
and cranial nerves; and talk about their
origin, branches and muscles that they
supply
Question

4. Cranial nerves
The facial nerve is one of a group of
nerves called the cranial nerves (CN), 12
pairs of nerves that, with the exception
of the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI),
originate in the brain and contribute to
the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
They are referred to as “cranial” because
they arise from the brain and upper
spinal cord and supply structures of the
head and neck.

5. The 12 paired cranial nerves include:
1. olfactory nerve (CN I)
2. optic nerve (CN II)
3. oculomotor nerve (CN III)
4. trochlear nerve (CN IV)
5. trigeminal nerve (CN V)
6. abducens nerve (CN VI)
7. facial nerve (CN VII)
8. vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
9. glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
10. vagus nerve (CN X)
11. accessory nerve (CN XI)
12. hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) one of the two athletes felt very good, victorious, and healthy ！
pneumonic for cranial nerves:

6. The 12 paired cranial nerves include:
1. olfactory nerve (CN I)
2. optic nerve (CN II)
3. oculomotor nerve (CN III)
4. trochlear nerve (CN IV)
5. trigeminal nerve (CN V)
6. abducens nerve (CN VI)
7. facial nerve (CN VII)
8. vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
9. glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
10. vagus nerve (CN X)
11. accessory nerve (CN XI)
12. hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

7. Facial nerve

8. Facial nerve The facial nerve contains many different types
of fibers, including general sensory (afferent)
fibers, special sensory fibers,
visceral/autonomic motor (efferent) fibers, and
somatic motor fibers.
So these are also the functions of facial nerve:
1. Somatic sensory
2. Special sensory
3. Branchial motor
4. Parasympathetic motor

9. originates in the facial (motor) nerve nucleus in the pons of the brainstem.
The motor root of the facial nerve
Facial nerve’s pathway divides into 2 parts:
Intra cranial and Extra cranial
It begins intra-cranially and eventually emerge from
the cranium to continue extra-cranially.

10. Contains large motor root and Nervus intermedius.
Facial nerve in the cranium
Medulla at Ponto medullary junction
It carries taste,
parasympathetic and
somatic sensory fibers.

11. Contains large motor root and Nervus intermedius.
Facial nerve in the cranium
It carries taste,
parasympathetic and
somatic sensory fibers.
enter the petrous temporal bone via the
internal acoustic meatus.

12. Facial nerve in the cranium
Facial canal
Genicular body
Contains cell bodies of
1st order sensory fibers
Great petrosal nerve
provide parasympathetic
innervation to the nasal,
palatine, pharyngeal mucous
and lacrimal gland

13. Facial nerve in the cranium
Chorda tympani
Nerve to stepedius
branches off before the facial nerve exits the cranium
at the stylomastoid foramen, and eventually exits the
cranium and goes on to innervate the tongue.
provides motor innervation to the stapedius muscle - a
small muscle in the middle ear -.
It gives off 3 branches:
Great petrosal nerve

14. Facial nerve in the cranium
Taste information from the taste buds of the anterior two
thirds of the tongue travels through the lingual nerve and then
through the chorda tympani, which travels along with the
lingual nerve in the infratemporal fossa, back up through the
geniculate ganglion where their cell bodies are, and the axons
continue to travel with the nervus intermedius of the facial
nerve.
Eventually these fibers reach the nucleus of the solitary tract in
the brainstem to synapse. On the other hand, the special
sensory from the taste buds on the palate is a bit different, and
it is carried through the palatine nerves.

15. Facial nerve
Nerves to
stapedius
Stylomastoid
foramen
Chorda
tympani

16. Facial nerve in the superficial
Temporal
nerve
Zygomatic
nerve
Posterior
Articular nerve
Cervical
nerve
Buccal
nerve
Marginal
Mandibular nerve

17. Facial nerve
To remember the branches of the facial nerve,
you can use the following mnemonic:
standing for:
1. Temporal
2. Zygomatic
3. Buccal
4. Marginal mandibular
5. Cervical branches.

20. Facial nerve Innervations
to the lacrimal glands, nasal glands,
palatal mucosal, submandibular, and
sublingual salivary glands.
to the anterior two-thirds of the
tongue and palate.

21. Facial nerve’s 5 Terminal branches
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22. Facial nerve in the superficial
Temporal
nerve
Zygomatic
nerve
Posterior
Articular nerve
Cervical
nerve
Buccal
nerve
Marginal
Mandibular nerve

23. Mohammad saleh Moallem
SHANDONG UNIVERSITY
默汉 201816230152