Laparoscopic surgery is a surgical technique in which short, narrow
tubes (trochars) are inserted into the abdomen through small (less
than one centimeter) incisions. Through these trochars, long, narrow instruments are inserted. The surgeon uses these instruments to manipulate, cut, and sew tissue.
The advantages include reduced pain due to smaller incisions, reduced hemorrhaging, and shorter recovery time.
The key element is the use of a laparoscope, a long fiber optic cable system that allows viewing of the affected area by snaking the cable from a more distant, but more easily accessible location.
Right Adrenalectomy:
Since its first description in 1992, laparoscopic adrenalectomy has become the gold standard for the surgical treatment of most adrenal conditions. The benefits of a minimally invasive approach to adrenal resection such as decreased hospital stay, shorter recovery time and improved patient satisfaction are widely accepted. However, as this procedure becomes more widespread, critical steps of the operation must be maintained to ensure expected outcomes and success. This presentation reviews the surgical techniques for the laparoscopic adrenalectomy.
Presented by: Mohammadsaleh Moallem
Dr Ho Siew Hong shared his experience on how to perform the ideal puncture for PCNL in a lecture to Asian urologists during the Advanced Urology Course 2008 in Singapore
Surgical management of Carcinoma EsophagusLoveleen Garg
A detailed dicussion on surgical procedures & steps to be followed during surgery for Carcinoma esophagus.
Source- Schwartz's Principles of Surgery, 9th Edition
Dr Ho Siew Hong shared his experience on how to perform the ideal puncture for PCNL in a lecture to Asian urologists during the Advanced Urology Course 2008 in Singapore
Surgical management of Carcinoma EsophagusLoveleen Garg
A detailed dicussion on surgical procedures & steps to be followed during surgery for Carcinoma esophagus.
Source- Schwartz's Principles of Surgery, 9th Edition
Robotic Surgery(minimally invasive surgery)Sgtm Saha
robotic surgery,minimally invasive surgery,MIS,the vinci surgical process,leproscopy surgey, 5 mins representation,BCDA College of pharmacy, SGTM, Swagatam Saha,WBUT Board,6th sem.
this is early experiences of laparoscopic adrenal tumor removal in cmh Rawalpindi Pakistan which need more focus and innovation . it is less pain full and early recovery ensuere
Information about Low Anterior Resection by Dr Dhaval Mangukiya.
Details of GOAL of LAR, Margins, Reconstructions, Anal Anastomosis, End to Side Colorectal Anastomosis, Stapler Vs Hand Sewn, Intersphincteric Resection, Colonic J pouch Anastomosis etc.
https://drdhavalmangukiya.com/
http://www.youtube.com/c/DrDhavalMangukiyaGastrosurgeonSurat
https://gastrosurgerysurat.blogspot.com/
Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy-When and Where is the Need to Convert?Apollo Hospitals
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has now become the treatment of choice for the gall bladder stone. With increasing experience, surgeon has started to take more difficult cases which were considered relative contra indications for laparoscopic removal of gall bladder few years back.
We conducted this study at our hospital and included all laparoscopic cholecystectomy done from May'08 to January'10. Total time taken in surgery, conversion rate and complication rate were analysed. Factors making laparoscopic cholecystectomy difficult were also analysed. We defined difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy when we found -dense fibrotic adhesions in and around Callot's triangle, gangrenous gall bladder, empyma, large stone impacted at gall bladder neck, contracted gall bladder, Mirrizi's syndrome, h/o biliary pancreatitis, CBD stones, acute cholecystitis of <72 hrs duration.
Out of 206 cases done during above period, 56 cases were considered difficult. Only two cases were converted to open.
With growing experience and technical advancement surgery can be completed in most of the difficult cases. This is important because recently it is shown in literature that laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with less morbidity than open method irrespective of duration of the surgery.
Laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer management is feasible in highly complex centers with advanced laparoscopic service with comparable oncological results to open procedures with free margins, adequate lymph node count, with a low complication rate and very low recurrence rate.
Indocyanine green (ICG) in liver surgery.pptxGian Luca Grazi
The use of indocyanine green has now become common practice during liver and biliary tract surgery. This dye helps in defining the anatomy of the liver segments and is able to provide data on the course of the biliary tract. Furthermore, it can detect the presence of small superficial tumors, increasing the cure potential of liver resections in the treatment of liver tumors.
This reading reviews the main uses of indocyanine green in liver surgery, in particular for laparoscopic and robotic surgery, and opens a window on the future clinical developments of indocyanine green in the treatment of liver tumors.
Laparoscopic surgery. Intro. History of Armata manus laparoscopic simulatorsDmitriy Shamrai
Introduction to lap.surgery - different laparoscopic techniques, equipment, instruments, benefits of laparoscopy for surgeons, hospitals and patients, laparoscopic education, Armata manus laparoscopic training and basic exercises.
Advanced exercises and IInd generation boxes with moveble camera are not shown here.
This presentation was reported during the I Laparoscopic school (by Armata manus).
P.S.: originally my or edited slides are marked by Armata manus symbol. Other slides were found in the Internet.
P.S.S.: contact author (shamraydv@gmail.com, facebook.com/dmitriy.shamrai).
Our page: armata-manus.com.
Laparoscopic Surgery - Minimal Scars, Maximum Precision.pdfMeghaSingh194
What Is Laparoscopic Surgery?
Laparoscopic surgery, also known as minimally invasive surgery, is a modern surgical technique that allows surgeons to perform procedures with smaller incisions compared to traditional open surgery. Let's explore more: https://www.southlakegeneralsurgery.com/laparoscopic-surgery-minimal-scars-maximum-precision/
Hernias on the abdominal wall can be repaired using a surgical technique called laparoscopic hernia repair surgery. This is a minimally invasive surgical procedure. During this process, the patient’s abdomen will be punctured with a few tiny holes to make room for the insertion of a thin, lighted tube known as a laparoscope.
Let's explore more: https://www.southlakegeneralsurgery.com/understanding-laparoscopic-hernia-repair-surgery/
Robotic Surgery(minimally invasive surgery)Sgtm Saha
robotic surgery,minimally invasive surgery,MIS,the vinci surgical process,leproscopy surgey, 5 mins representation,BCDA College of pharmacy, SGTM, Swagatam Saha,WBUT Board,6th sem.
this is early experiences of laparoscopic adrenal tumor removal in cmh Rawalpindi Pakistan which need more focus and innovation . it is less pain full and early recovery ensuere
Information about Low Anterior Resection by Dr Dhaval Mangukiya.
Details of GOAL of LAR, Margins, Reconstructions, Anal Anastomosis, End to Side Colorectal Anastomosis, Stapler Vs Hand Sewn, Intersphincteric Resection, Colonic J pouch Anastomosis etc.
https://drdhavalmangukiya.com/
http://www.youtube.com/c/DrDhavalMangukiyaGastrosurgeonSurat
https://gastrosurgerysurat.blogspot.com/
Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy-When and Where is the Need to Convert?Apollo Hospitals
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has now become the treatment of choice for the gall bladder stone. With increasing experience, surgeon has started to take more difficult cases which were considered relative contra indications for laparoscopic removal of gall bladder few years back.
We conducted this study at our hospital and included all laparoscopic cholecystectomy done from May'08 to January'10. Total time taken in surgery, conversion rate and complication rate were analysed. Factors making laparoscopic cholecystectomy difficult were also analysed. We defined difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy when we found -dense fibrotic adhesions in and around Callot's triangle, gangrenous gall bladder, empyma, large stone impacted at gall bladder neck, contracted gall bladder, Mirrizi's syndrome, h/o biliary pancreatitis, CBD stones, acute cholecystitis of <72 hrs duration.
Out of 206 cases done during above period, 56 cases were considered difficult. Only two cases were converted to open.
With growing experience and technical advancement surgery can be completed in most of the difficult cases. This is important because recently it is shown in literature that laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with less morbidity than open method irrespective of duration of the surgery.
Laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer management is feasible in highly complex centers with advanced laparoscopic service with comparable oncological results to open procedures with free margins, adequate lymph node count, with a low complication rate and very low recurrence rate.
Indocyanine green (ICG) in liver surgery.pptxGian Luca Grazi
The use of indocyanine green has now become common practice during liver and biliary tract surgery. This dye helps in defining the anatomy of the liver segments and is able to provide data on the course of the biliary tract. Furthermore, it can detect the presence of small superficial tumors, increasing the cure potential of liver resections in the treatment of liver tumors.
This reading reviews the main uses of indocyanine green in liver surgery, in particular for laparoscopic and robotic surgery, and opens a window on the future clinical developments of indocyanine green in the treatment of liver tumors.
Laparoscopic surgery. Intro. History of Armata manus laparoscopic simulatorsDmitriy Shamrai
Introduction to lap.surgery - different laparoscopic techniques, equipment, instruments, benefits of laparoscopy for surgeons, hospitals and patients, laparoscopic education, Armata manus laparoscopic training and basic exercises.
Advanced exercises and IInd generation boxes with moveble camera are not shown here.
This presentation was reported during the I Laparoscopic school (by Armata manus).
P.S.: originally my or edited slides are marked by Armata manus symbol. Other slides were found in the Internet.
P.S.S.: contact author (shamraydv@gmail.com, facebook.com/dmitriy.shamrai).
Our page: armata-manus.com.
Laparoscopic Surgery - Minimal Scars, Maximum Precision.pdfMeghaSingh194
What Is Laparoscopic Surgery?
Laparoscopic surgery, also known as minimally invasive surgery, is a modern surgical technique that allows surgeons to perform procedures with smaller incisions compared to traditional open surgery. Let's explore more: https://www.southlakegeneralsurgery.com/laparoscopic-surgery-minimal-scars-maximum-precision/
Hernias on the abdominal wall can be repaired using a surgical technique called laparoscopic hernia repair surgery. This is a minimally invasive surgical procedure. During this process, the patient’s abdomen will be punctured with a few tiny holes to make room for the insertion of a thin, lighted tube known as a laparoscope.
Let's explore more: https://www.southlakegeneralsurgery.com/understanding-laparoscopic-hernia-repair-surgery/
Laparoscopic colon resections are being performed with increasing frequency all over the world. However, the use of minimal access surgery in colorectal surgery has lagged behind its application in other surgical fields.
Laparoscopic Surgery Purpose, Procedure, and Benefits.pdfDr. Digant Pathak
Laparoscopic surgery, also known as minimally invasive surgery, is a modern surgical technique that has revolutionized the way surgery is performed. This procedure uses small incisions and specialized instruments to perform surgeries through a tiny camera (laparoscope) that displays the inside of the body on a screen. Laparoscopic surgery in Jabalpur is used for a wide range of medical conditions and offers several benefits compared to traditional surgery. In this blog post, we will discuss the purpose, procedure, and benefits of laparoscopic surgery.
Purpose of Laparoscopic Surgery:
Laparoscopic surgery can be used to diagnose and treat a variety of medical conditions in different parts of the body by the best laparoscopic surgeon in Jabalpur. Some common uses of laparoscopic surgery include:
· Gynecological Conditions: Laparoscopic surgery is commonly used to diagnose and treat gynecological conditions such as endometriosis, ovarian cysts, uterine fibroids, and ectopic pregnancies under the laparoscopic surgeon in Jabalpur.
· Digestive System Disorders: Laparoscopic surgery is used to treat disorders of the digestive system such as gallstones, hernias, appendicitis, and inflammatory bowel disease.
· Urological Conditions: Laparoscopic surgery is used to treat urological conditions such as kidney stones, prostate cancer, and bladder cancer.
· Other Medical Conditions: Laparoscopic surgery is also used to treat other medical conditions such as herniated discs, varicose veins, and certain types of cancers.
Procedure of Laparoscopic Surgery:
Hernia surgery in Jabalpur is performed using small incisions (usually less than 1cm) in the skin through which a laparoscope and specialized instruments are inserted. The laparoscope is a thin tube with a camera and a light source attached to it. The camera displays the inside of the body on a screen, allowing the surgeon to see and operate on the internal organs.
Once the laparoscope and instruments are inserted, the surgeon uses the instruments to manipulate and operate on the internal organs. Hernia operation in Jabalpur can take longer than traditional surgery, but it usually results in less pain and faster recovery time by the hernia surgeon in Jabalpur.
Benefits of Laparoscopic Surgery:
Laparoscopic hernia surgery in Jabalpur offers several benefits over traditional surgery, including:
· Smaller Incisions: Laparoscopic surgery requires smaller incisions, which means less damage to surrounding tissue, less pain, and a faster recovery time with the best hernia surgeon in Jabalpur.
· Less Pain: Laparoscopic surgery is less painful than traditional surgery because there are fewer traumas to the body.
· Faster Recovery Time: Laparoscopic surgery results in a faster recovery time than traditional surgery. Patients can usually go home the same day or the day after the gallbladder surgery in Jabalpur.
Robotic hysterectomy: A review of indications, technique, outcome, and compli...Apollo Hospitals
Hysterectomy is the second most common surgery performed on women after cesarean section. The advantages of minimally invasive hysterectomy such as reduced hospitalization, quick recovery with more rapid return to normal activities, and less postoperative morbidity are well known. Although most guidelines recommend that minimally invasive hysterectomy should be the standard of care, the gynecologists have been slow in adopting minimally invasive laparoscopic techniques to perform this operation. Since its approval in 2005 for gynecological surgeries, robot-assisted hysterectomy has been found to be feasible and safe both in benign and malignant indications. This significant difference is mainly due to ergonomics, endowrist movements of instruments, and stereoscopic three-dimensional magnified vision. The specific indications for hysterectomy where the robotic technology can benefit women are the ones with adhesions such as severe endometriosis, large uterus with large or multiple fibroids, early carcinoma cervix, and/or endometrial carcinoma. However the main benefit of this procedure was seen in the reduction of open surgery including conversions during laparoscopic hysterectomies. In the long run, we need to critically examine the long-term benefits and appropriate indications for robot-assisted hysterectomy especially in benign conditions, thus reducing the incidence of open surgery in gynecology. This review describes the operative procedure of robotic hysterectomy in eight steps.
Basics of laproscopic surgery..
by dr navdeep s kamboj presented at sgrdumsar amritsar.
topics covered--
1 basics of laparoscopy
2 lap cholecystectomy
3 lap appendixcectomy
pneumoperitonem
merits and demerits of laproscopy
ligasure
endoscopy,
laparoscopic instruments
-Exploring Laparoscopy: From Basics to Cutting-Edge Innovations-
Join us on a captivating journey through the world of Laparoscopy, where we'll unravel the magic of minimally invasive surgery. From its historical roots to its futuristic advancements, this presentation takes you from the fundamentals to the forefront of surgical innovation.
Discover the astonishing benefits that Laparoscopy offers to both patients and surgeons, and delve into the remarkable instruments that make it all possible. Journey through common Laparoscopic procedures, witness the latest advancements in imaging, and explore how robotics and artificial intelligence are reshaping the future of surgery.
Buckle up for a captivating exploration of a medical revolution, where science fiction meets reality. Whether you're a medical professional, a technology enthusiast, or simply curious about the future of healthcare, this presentation promises to intrigue and inspire.
Join us in charting the course of Laparoscopy, from its humble beginnings to the cutting-edge innovations that are reshaping the world of surgery. Don't miss out on this eye-opening and thought-provoking experience!
Feel free to customize this description as needed and make it your own. It should pique the interest of SlideShare users and encourage them to view your presentation.
UF Health Surgeon Michael Latzko: A Closer Look at LaparoscopyMichael Latzko
UF Health Surgeon Michael Latzko holds a Fundamentals in Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) certification and a Fundamentals in Endoscopic Surgery (FES) certification.
Today, Laparoscopy is an alternative technique for carrying out many operations that have traditionally required an open approach. The benefits of minimal access surgery have been well recorded, including lower post-operative morbidity, shorter duration of hospital stay and a shorter return to work.
Similar to Laparoscopic surgery and Right Adrenalectomy (20)
Viral infection in the central nervous system (CNS) is a common cause of seizures and epilepsy. Acute symptomatic seizures can occur in the context of almost all types of acute CNS viral infection. Secondary generalized seizures begin in one part of the brain, but then spread to both sides of the brain. In other words, the person first has a focal seizure, followed by a generalized seizure.
This file is designed by Mohammad saleh Moallem
Insulinoma refers to a tumor of the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans; although usually benign, it is one of the chief causes of hypoglycemia. An abnormal mass that grows in the beta cells of the pancreas that make insulin. They secrete insulin and are the most common cause of low blood sugar caused by having too much insulin in the body.
This file is designed by Mohammad saleh Moallem
Here in this presentation we basically review the anatomy of Basal ganglia and its functions and also the relation of pathologic pathway of Parkinson's disease to the affected basal ganglia.
I have answered the following questions in this presentation:
1. What is the role of basal ganglia?
2. What neurotransmitter is changing in Parkinson's disease?
3. Which brain structures would change in Parkinson's disease?
So this is the summary of the presented file:
Basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclear agglomerations involved in movement, and are located deep to the cerebral hemispheres.
Basal ganglia include the striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen), globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus. The components intricately synapse onto each other to promote or antagonize movement.
FUNCTIONS of basal ganglia:
Significant role in controlling posture and voluntary movement through connections to the:
Thalamus
Cerebral cortex
Basal nuclei
Has connections to limbic system pathways, which govern the expression of various behaviors and motivational states. Plays a major role in making decisions. Plays a role in controlling eye movements.
Parkinson's disease is characterized by a deficiency of dopamine in the nigrostriatal system.
Dopamine is a type of neurotransmitter and hormone. It plays a role in many important body functions, including movement, memory and pleasurable reward and motivation.
Presented by: Mohammadsaleh Moallem
The following file is about the most important procedures of neurological examination and has been taught in PBL class by MohammadSaleh Moallem.
A neurological examination is the assessment of sensory neuron and motor responses, especially reflexes, to determine whether the nervous system is impaired. This typically includes a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history. In general, a neurological examination is focused on finding out whether there are lesions in the central and peripheral nervous systems or there is another diffuse process that is troubling the patient.
The results of the examination are taken together to anatomically identify the lesion. Finally, it is the role of the physician to find the cause for why such a problem has occurred.
Presented by: Mohammadsaleh Moallem
Difference between benign and malignant tumors:
Benign tumors:
Benign tumors are those that stay in their primary location without invading other sites of the body.
Benign tumors tend to grow slowly and have distinct borders. A growth that is not cancer.
Malignant tumors:
Are cells that grow uncontrollably and spread locally and/or to distant sites, they are cancerous.
They spread to distant sites via the bloodstream or the
lymphatic system. This spread is called metastasis.
Neostigmine:
Neostigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis.
Neostigmine does not cross the blood-brain barrier. Neostigmine is used as an antidote for anticholinergic intoxication.
Mechanism of action:
Inhibits the hydrolysis of acetylcholine by competing with acetylcholine for attachment to acetylcholinesterase at sites of cholinergic transmission. It enhances cholinergic action by facilitating the transmission of impulses across neuromuscular junctions.
Presented by: Mohammadsaleh Moallem
Nephrotic syndrome is a disorder of the glomerular filtration barrier, and central to the filtration mechanism of the glomerular filtration barrier is the podocyte.
So it’s a kidney disorder that causes your body to pass too much protein in your urine. It’s usually caused by damage to the clusters of small blood vessels in your kidneys that filter waste and excess water from your blood.
Nephrotic syndrome:
Characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia, it's 90% idiopathic and Relapses are common.
The treatment of nephrotic syndrome can be symptomatic or can directly address the injuries caused to the kidney.
1. Symptomatic treatment
2. Kidney damage treatment
Symptomatic treatment is a therapy that eases the symptoms without addressing the basic cause of the disease, while kidney damage treatment can directly address the injuries caused to the kidney.
Presented by: Mohammadsaleh Moallem
This lecture is about what is the neostigmine and what are its medical uses, mechanism of action and side effects.
Neostigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor used in the symptomatic treatment of myasthenia gravis by improving muscle tone.
Neostigmine is in the cholinergic family of medications. It works by blocking the action of acetylcholinesterase and therefore increases the levels of acetylcholine.
Neostigmine: Cholinesterase inhibitor = ↑ ACh
Neostigmine is an anticholinesterase inhibitor and inhibits the hydrolysis of acetylcholine by competing with acetylcholine for binding to acetylcholinesterase at the site of cholinergic transmission. By reducing the hydrolysis of acetylcholine, the transmission of nerve impulses is facilitated.
At the end of surgery, neostigmine has been given for the reversal of neuromuscular blocking agents with several adverse effects such as bradycardia and profuse secretion.
Atropine has been used to prevent those side effects of neostigmine.
Side effects titles as review:
.
Nausea, headache, insomnia, dry mouth, dizziness, vomiting, allergic reactions, skin rash, hot flashes, joint pain, stroke, weakness, muscle cramps, frequent urination
Neostigmine is rapidly absorbed after intramuscular injection (IM). Neostigmine binding to human serum albumin is approximately 15 to 25%.
Neostigmine is metabolized in the liver by microsomal enzymes. The apparent excretory half-life of neostigmine is between 24 and 113 minutes.
Presented by: Mohammadsaleh Moallem
Farmer’s lung disease:
Farmer's lung disease (FLD) is a form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) caused by inhaling microorganisms from hay or grain stored in conditions of high humidity in the agricultural workplace.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, also known as extrinsic allergic alveolitis, is an immunologically mediated inflammatory disease of the lung involving the terminal airways.
It's also called extrinsic allergic alveolitis, hypersensitivity alveolitis, or hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
The "-itis" at the end of these names means it causes inflammation. With farmer's lung, the inflammation, or swelling, is in the lungs.
Two conditions cause COPD: chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Both affect your lungs in different ways.
Asthma is not typically considered a type of COPD, but it is a chronic respiratory condition. You can have asthma along with COPD.
Presented by: Mohammadsaleh Moallem
Here in this lecture we will discuss two main points:
1. Analyzing the MRI images and their relationship to Encephalitis.
2. Explaining that how neurosurgical operation can assist in treatment of intractable epilepsy.
Pathology of Encephalitis:
In acute encephalitis, inflammation and edema occur in infected areas throughout the cerebral hemispheres, brain stem, cerebellum, and, occasionally, spinal cord.
Petechial hemorrhages may be present in severe infections. Direct
viral invasion of the brain usually damages neurons, sometimes
producing microscopically visible inclusion bodies.
MRI analysis: The right occipital leaf-shaped slightly longer T2 signal shadow, consider infarction. Right occipital lobe-shaped FS like high signal, consider infarction or brain contusion.
Intractable epilepsy:
Intractable epilepsy is when seizures can't be controlled by medicines. Intractable epilepsy is diagnosed when someone has had years of uncontrolled seizures.
Many people whose seizures do not respond to medication will
respond to surgical treatment, relieving seizures completely or almost completely in one-half to two-thirds of patients who qualify for surgery.
Epilepsy surgery is usually performed during general anesthesia, and you'll be unconscious during the procedure. In rare circumstances, your surgeon may awaken you during part of the operation to help the team determine which parts of your brain control language and movement. In such cases, you would receive medication to control pain.
The surgeon creates a relatively small window in the skull, depending on the type of surgeryAfter surgery the window of bone is replaced and fastened to the remaining skull for healing.
Presented by: Mohammadsaleh Moallem
Mushroom poisoning is poisoning resulting from the ingestion of mushrooms that contain toxic substances. Its symptoms can vary from slight gastrointestinal discomfort to death in about 10 days. Mushroom toxins are secondary metabolites produced by the fungus.
Amanita virulent fungus; Fungal pathogens possess virulence factors that allow them to cause disease in humans and animals.
All toxic mushrooms cause vomiting and abdominal pain; other manifestations vary significantly by mushroom type. Generally, mushrooms that cause symptoms early (within 2 hours) are less dangerous than those that cause symptoms later (usually after 6 hours).
The treatment of patients poisoned with amanita muscaria poisoning should be conducted in hospital.
Gastric lavage and symptomatic treatment should be carried out as soon as possible. If necessary, restraint or sedation should be employed for agitated and/or delirious patients.
Patients hospitalized and given aggressive support therapy almost immediately after ingestion of amanitin-containing mushrooms have a mortality rate of only 10%, whereas those admitted 60 or more hours after ingestion have a 50–90% mortality rate.
Presented by: Mohammadsaleh Moallem
This is a schema chart about a patient named Mr. Zhang, a middle-aged farmer with Systemic atherosclerosis, whose diagnosis and treatment in a hospital by a specialist doctor are fully illustrated in this schema-chart and diagram. The main treatment for this patient was implantation of a stent in his right coronary artery.
The initial diagnosis was hypertensive crisis, but after tests, the doctor realized that the more accurate diagnosis was Systemic atherosclerosis.
This schema-chart is designed by Mohammadsaleh Moallem
The facial nerve is one of a group of nerves called the cranial nerves (CN), 12 pairs of nerves that, with the exception of the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI), originate in the brain and contribute to the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
facial nerve contains many different types of fibers, including general sensory (afferent) fibers, special sensory fibers, visceral/autonomic motor (efferent) fibers, and somatic motor fibers.
So these are also the functions of facial nerve:
Somatic sensory
Special sensory
Branchial motor
Parasympathetic motor
To remember the branches of the facial nerve, you can use the following mnemonic: "To Zambia By Motor Car", standing for:
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal mandibular
Cervical branches.
Presented by: Mohammadsaleh Moallem
Hemodialysis is a treatment to filter wastes and water from your blood; In hemodialysis, the blood is cleaned outside the body using a dialysis machine and then sent back into the body.
Hemodialysis is a treatment to filter wastes and water from your blood, as your kidneys did when they were healthy. Hemodialysis helps control blood pressure and balance important minerals, such as potassium, sodium, and calcium, in your blood.
Hemodialysis is one way to treat advanced kidney failure and can help you carry on an active life despite failing kidneys.
Mechanism of Hemodialysis:
Hemodialysis is a procedure by which waste products and excess water are removed from a patient’s blood. This is done by directly removing blood from the patient’s circulation, passing it through the dialysis filter, and then returning it directly back into the circulation.
Apparatus needed:
Dialyzer or dialysis filter
Dialysate (dialysis solution)
Tubing for transport of blood and dialysate
Machine that powers and monitors the filtration
Hemodialysis has 5 main steps which are as follows:
1.Two sets of tubing are connected to the patient’s dialysis access:
Connected directly to central venous catheter
Two needles inserted into AVF/AVG and taped down
2. Azotemic blood pumped from patient into dialysis filter
3. Dialysis filter removes toxins primarily through diffusion:
Dialysis filter is a plastic cylinder filled with thousands of tiny individual tubes composed of the filtering material.
Blood flows through the inside of the tiny tubes in one direction.
Dialysis fluid (dialysate) flows on the outside of the tiny tubes (but still within the single plastic cylinder that contains them) in the opposite direction.
The opposing directions of blood and dialysate result in maximal concentration gradients that drive the diffusion of toxins:
Known as “countercurrent” mechanism
Also results in correction of electrolyte/acid–base abnormalities via diffusion.
4. Dialysis filter removes excess water from the blood through ultrafiltration.
Suction force is applied by the dialysis machine across the dialysis filter.
Water is pulled from the blood side into the dialysate side.
5. Clean blood and waste-filled dialysate exit the dialysis filter.
Clean blood is pumped back into the patient’s Circulation.
Waste-filled dialysate is disposed of (including the excess water from the patient’s body that was removed during ultrafiltration).
Chronic dialysis
3–4 hours each session
3 times a week (Monday/Wednesday/Friday or Tuesday/Thursday/Saturday)
Acute dialysis:
Treatment duration and daily schedule are
Variable.
Priscriptions: The nephrologist may control many variables within the dialysis procedure:
Duration of treatment
Ultrafiltration goal
Anticoagulation
Electrolyte composition of the dialysate
Speed of blood flow and dialysate flow
Presented by: Mohammadsaleh Moallem
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
2. Episode 3 questions:
What is laparoscopic surgery? (laparoscopic right adrenalectomy).
What kinds of operations can be performed using laparoscopic
surgery?
QUESTION
3. LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY
Laparoscopic surgery is a surgical technique in which short, narrow
tubes (trochars) are inserted into the abdomen through small (less
than one centimeter) incisions. Through these trochars, long, narrow
instruments are inserted. The surgeon uses these instruments to
manipulate, cut, and sew tissue.
Although patients tend to think of laparoscopic surgery as minor surgery,
it is major surgery with the potential for major complications – visceral
injury and bleeding, injury to the bowel, or injury to the bladder.
4. Laparoscopic surgery is a surgical technique in which short, narrow
tubes are inserted into the abdomen through small incisions.
LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY
8. TNE KEY ELEMENT
The key element is the use of
a laparoscope, a long fiber
optic cable system that
allows viewing of the affected
area by snaking the cable
from a more distant, but more
easily accessible location.
9. Laparoscopic surgery includes operations within the abdominal or
pelvic cavities, whereas keyhole surgery performed on the thoracic
or chest cavity is called thoracoscopic surgery.
LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY
10. TYPES OF LAPAROSCOPES
a telescopic rod lens system, usually connected to a video
camera (single-chip or three-chip)
a digital laparoscope where a miniature digital video
camera is placed at the end of the laparoscope, eliminating
the rod lens system
1.
2.
There are two types of laparoscope:
11. Reduced hemorrhaging, which reduces the chance of needing a blood
transfusion.
Smaller incision, which reduces pain and shortens recovery time, as
well as resulting in less post-operative scarring.
Less pain, leading to less pain medication needed.
1.
2.
3.
ADVANTAGES
12. 4.The use of regional anesthesia for laparoscopic surgery, as opposed to
general anesthesia required for many non-laparoscopic procedures, can
produce fewer complications and quicker recovery.
5. Although procedure times are usually slightly longer, hospital stay is less,
and often with a same day discharge which leads to a faster return to
everyday living.
6. Reduced exposure of internal organs to possible external contaminants
ADVANTAGES
13. Although laparoscopy in adults is widely accepted, its advantages in
children are questioned. Benefits of laparoscopy appear to recede with
younger age.
Efficacy of laparoscopy is inferior to open surgery in certain conditions
such as pyloromyotomy for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Although
laparoscopic appendectomy has less wound problems than open surgery,
the former is associated with more intra-abdominal abscesses.
NOTE!
14. Laparoscopic surgery requires pneumoperitoneum for adequate
visualization and operative manipulation.
The surgeon has a limited range of motion at the surgical site, resulting
in a loss of dexterity.
Poor depth perception.
1.
2.
3.
DISADVANTAGES
15. Surgeons must use tools to interact with tissue rather than manipulate it
directly with their hands. This results in an inability to accurately judge how
much force is being applied to tissue as well as a risk of damaging tissue
by applying more force than necessary. This limitation also reduces tactile
sensation, making it more difficult for the surgeon to feel the tissue and
making delicate operations such as tying sutures more difficult.
DISADVANTAGES
21. RIGHT ADRENALECTOMY
Since its first description in 1992, laparoscopic adrenalectomy
has become the gold standard for the surgical treatment of
most adrenal conditions. The benefits of a minimally invasive
approach to adrenal resection such as decreased hospital
stay, shorter recovery time and improved patient satisfaction
are widely accepted. However, as this procedure becomes
more widespread, critical steps of the operation must be
maintained to ensure expected outcomes and success. This
article reviews the surgical techniques for the laparoscopic
adrenalectomy.
22. RIGHT ADRENALECTOMY
The first laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA), a minimally
invasive surgical approach has almost replaced the open
adrenalectomy in the management of small and medium-
sized adrenal lesions. The advantages of LA include
shorter hospital stays, decreased postoperative pain,
improved recovery times, and better cosmetic results.
Saleh
23. RIGHT ADRENALECTOMY
In addition, difficulty with open surgical exposure and the
small size of the adrenal gland make this organ
particularly amenable to a minimally invasive technique.
The anatomical location of the adrenal gland has led to a
number of laparoscopic approaches, including posterior
or lateral retroperitoneal, transthoracic, and lateral
transperitoneal. In this paper we review the varied surgical
techniques used for LA.
Saleh
24. Left adrenalectomy. Exposure of the adrenal gland is obtained by laterally retracting the kidney
and adrenal with a PEER retractor
25. Identification of the left adrenal vein and subsequent division after dissection
and clipping
26. Left adrenalectomy medial dissection. The medial dissection and inferior adrenal dissection
is complete, exposing the crus of the diaphragm and the posterior abdominal wall
27. Left adrenalectomy, lateral dissection. The lateral dissection begins with establishing a plane between the
upper pole renal cortex and the adrenal gland. It requires careful attention for upper pole renal vessels
28. Adrenal bed after adrenalectomy. The adrenal gland with its surrounding
periadrenal and peri-renal fat, has been excised