International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IRJET-Design and Fabrication of Ultra Wide Band Antenna with Band Notching Pr...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of ultra-wide band antennas with band-notching properties. It discusses how defected ground structures can be used to achieve band notching at specific frequencies like the WLAN band, in order to avoid interference with other wireless systems. Various antenna geometries and feeding techniques that have been studied for achieving ultra-wide bandwidth are summarized. The document reviews several previous studies on microstrip-fed patch antennas, monopole antennas, and defected ground structure antennas designed for ultra-wide bandwidth with frequency band rejections.
The Design of Capacitive Slit on Improving the Antenna Gain of Binomial Doubl...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The capacitive slit is a method of making the impedance value to be resistive. To achieve this goal is a challenge in addition to the slit antenna and gives impact to gain as one of the important parameters in antenna design. The antenna gain in a particular direction is defined as 4π times the ratio of radiation intensity in that direction to the power received by the transmitter antenna. In this research, the proposed capacitive slit method was tested on the hexacula omnidirectional broadband antenna operating on frequency 0.85-3 GHz and gain 4.8 dBi. The testing was conducted to obtain the gain improvement of the hexacula omnidirectional broadband antenna. The placement of the capacitive slit was implemented on a double strip antenna with 4 times experiments. The best experiment result was obtained when three capacitive slits were placed on different strips. The capacitive slit was designed by analyzing the average value of input impedance before calculating the dimension of the capacitive slit that applied to the antenna. The experiment result shows that the best value of the antenna gain is 7.196 dBi. The gain increment is linear to the number of capacitive slits applied to the antenna.
An Inverted Bowtie Type Patch Antenna for Multiple Applicationsirjes
This document describes a proposed inverted bowtie type patch antenna for dual-band operation in UHF and EHF frequency bands. The antenna has a simple structure with a rectangular patch that has triangular cuts on both sides and is fed by a microstrip line. Simulation results show the antenna resonates at 2.12 GHz in the UHF band with a bandwidth of 400 MHz and gain of 3.66 dB. It also resonates at 34 GHz in the EHF band with a bandwidth of 1.43 GHz and higher gain of 11.9 dB. The dual-band operation and high gain make the antenna suitable for applications involving TV, mobile phones, GPS, astronomy, and remote sensing.
This document describes the design of a planar quasi-Yagi antenna capable of achieving high gain, wide bandwidth, and high front-to-back ratio. The antenna consists of a driven dipole element, reflector ground plane, and 5 director elements printed on a substrate. Optimization of the distances between the elements results in bandwidths over 600 MHz with gains above 6 dBi and front-to-back ratios greater than 34 dB. Measurements show good agreement with simulations, demonstrating this antenna design is suitable for applications requiring highly directive radiation patterns.
The document summarizes research on the design and analysis of microstrip-fed ultra-wideband antennas with multiple band-notch functions. A compact printed monopole UWB antenna is presented with slots etched in the radiating patch to create notched bands at 3.3–3.7 GHz for WiMAX, 5.15–5.825 GHz for WLAN, and 7.25–7.75 GHz for satellite communication. Surface currents and transmission line models are used to analyze the effect of the slots. The designed antenna has a compact size of 25 x 29 mm2 and produces broadband matched impedance and good omnidirectional radiation patterns.
Design and Development of High Gain Patch Antenna Array for ISM ApplicationsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the design and development of a high gain patch antenna array for ISM applications. Specifically, it describes the design of a 4x4 microstrip stacked patch antenna array operating at 5 GHz for ISM and WLAN uses. The antenna array was designed and simulated using IE3D software. Key features included enhanced gain through the use of an antenna array configuration and suitability for industrial, scientific and medical wireless applications.
A Novel Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna for Worldwide UHF Band RFID Rea...IJERA Editor
This document presents the design of a novel wideband circularly polarized antenna for UHF RFID reader applications. The antenna uses an air-substrate truncated patch structure to achieve circular polarization. It consists of a radiating patch, suspended microstrip feed line, and ground plane with no dielectric. Four feeding probes connected to a feed network are used to generate quadrature signals and excite circular polarization on the patch. Simulation results show the antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of 840-960 MHz and axial ratio bandwidth where AR is less than 3. The antenna has a gain over 8 dB and is suitable for universal UHF RFID applications due to its wide bandwidth and simple design.
Optimization of Complete Monopole Antennato Exhibit Wideband Capabilities.IOSR Journals
This document describes the optimization of a complete monopole antenna design to exhibit wideband capabilities. It discusses designing a U-shaped and triangular shaped monopole antenna using CST simulation software. The effects of varying parameters of the ground plane, U-shaped strip width and length are analyzed. Varying the ground plane parameters P1 and P2 improves the impedance bandwidth of the upper band. Increasing the U-shaped strip width shifts the lower band to higher frequencies. Changing the U-shaped strip length shifts both the lower and upper bands to lower frequencies. The optimized antenna design covers 2.4-2.77 GHz and 3.2-6.3 GHz bands for wireless applications.
IRJET-Design and Fabrication of Ultra Wide Band Antenna with Band Notching Pr...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of ultra-wide band antennas with band-notching properties. It discusses how defected ground structures can be used to achieve band notching at specific frequencies like the WLAN band, in order to avoid interference with other wireless systems. Various antenna geometries and feeding techniques that have been studied for achieving ultra-wide bandwidth are summarized. The document reviews several previous studies on microstrip-fed patch antennas, monopole antennas, and defected ground structure antennas designed for ultra-wide bandwidth with frequency band rejections.
The Design of Capacitive Slit on Improving the Antenna Gain of Binomial Doubl...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The capacitive slit is a method of making the impedance value to be resistive. To achieve this goal is a challenge in addition to the slit antenna and gives impact to gain as one of the important parameters in antenna design. The antenna gain in a particular direction is defined as 4π times the ratio of radiation intensity in that direction to the power received by the transmitter antenna. In this research, the proposed capacitive slit method was tested on the hexacula omnidirectional broadband antenna operating on frequency 0.85-3 GHz and gain 4.8 dBi. The testing was conducted to obtain the gain improvement of the hexacula omnidirectional broadband antenna. The placement of the capacitive slit was implemented on a double strip antenna with 4 times experiments. The best experiment result was obtained when three capacitive slits were placed on different strips. The capacitive slit was designed by analyzing the average value of input impedance before calculating the dimension of the capacitive slit that applied to the antenna. The experiment result shows that the best value of the antenna gain is 7.196 dBi. The gain increment is linear to the number of capacitive slits applied to the antenna.
An Inverted Bowtie Type Patch Antenna for Multiple Applicationsirjes
This document describes a proposed inverted bowtie type patch antenna for dual-band operation in UHF and EHF frequency bands. The antenna has a simple structure with a rectangular patch that has triangular cuts on both sides and is fed by a microstrip line. Simulation results show the antenna resonates at 2.12 GHz in the UHF band with a bandwidth of 400 MHz and gain of 3.66 dB. It also resonates at 34 GHz in the EHF band with a bandwidth of 1.43 GHz and higher gain of 11.9 dB. The dual-band operation and high gain make the antenna suitable for applications involving TV, mobile phones, GPS, astronomy, and remote sensing.
This document describes the design of a planar quasi-Yagi antenna capable of achieving high gain, wide bandwidth, and high front-to-back ratio. The antenna consists of a driven dipole element, reflector ground plane, and 5 director elements printed on a substrate. Optimization of the distances between the elements results in bandwidths over 600 MHz with gains above 6 dBi and front-to-back ratios greater than 34 dB. Measurements show good agreement with simulations, demonstrating this antenna design is suitable for applications requiring highly directive radiation patterns.
The document summarizes research on the design and analysis of microstrip-fed ultra-wideband antennas with multiple band-notch functions. A compact printed monopole UWB antenna is presented with slots etched in the radiating patch to create notched bands at 3.3–3.7 GHz for WiMAX, 5.15–5.825 GHz for WLAN, and 7.25–7.75 GHz for satellite communication. Surface currents and transmission line models are used to analyze the effect of the slots. The designed antenna has a compact size of 25 x 29 mm2 and produces broadband matched impedance and good omnidirectional radiation patterns.
Design and Development of High Gain Patch Antenna Array for ISM ApplicationsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the design and development of a high gain patch antenna array for ISM applications. Specifically, it describes the design of a 4x4 microstrip stacked patch antenna array operating at 5 GHz for ISM and WLAN uses. The antenna array was designed and simulated using IE3D software. Key features included enhanced gain through the use of an antenna array configuration and suitability for industrial, scientific and medical wireless applications.
A Novel Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna for Worldwide UHF Band RFID Rea...IJERA Editor
This document presents the design of a novel wideband circularly polarized antenna for UHF RFID reader applications. The antenna uses an air-substrate truncated patch structure to achieve circular polarization. It consists of a radiating patch, suspended microstrip feed line, and ground plane with no dielectric. Four feeding probes connected to a feed network are used to generate quadrature signals and excite circular polarization on the patch. Simulation results show the antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of 840-960 MHz and axial ratio bandwidth where AR is less than 3. The antenna has a gain over 8 dB and is suitable for universal UHF RFID applications due to its wide bandwidth and simple design.
Optimization of Complete Monopole Antennato Exhibit Wideband Capabilities.IOSR Journals
This document describes the optimization of a complete monopole antenna design to exhibit wideband capabilities. It discusses designing a U-shaped and triangular shaped monopole antenna using CST simulation software. The effects of varying parameters of the ground plane, U-shaped strip width and length are analyzed. Varying the ground plane parameters P1 and P2 improves the impedance bandwidth of the upper band. Increasing the U-shaped strip width shifts the lower band to higher frequencies. Changing the U-shaped strip length shifts both the lower and upper bands to lower frequencies. The optimized antenna design covers 2.4-2.77 GHz and 3.2-6.3 GHz bands for wireless applications.
Wideband circularly polarized cavity backed aperture antenna with a parasitic...Mohit Joshi
This document summarizes a wideband circularly polarized cavity-backed aperture antenna. The proposed antenna consists of a circular aperture antenna, a low-profile backed cavity, and a parasitic square patch. The cavity provides unidirectional radiation while the parasitic patch enhances the axial ratio bandwidth. Measured results show the antenna achieves over 70% impedance bandwidth and 43.3% 3dB axial ratio bandwidth with a peak gain of 8.6 dBi. The antenna operates at 6 GHz with compact size and combines wide bandwidths, high efficiency, and ease of design and integration.
This document provides an overview of dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) and their design. It discusses:
1) Common DRA characteristics such as resonant frequencies defined by material properties and dimensions. Multiple modes can be excited and radiation patterns depend on the excited mode.
2) Common feeding methods for DRAs including coaxial probes, microstrip lines, coplanar waveguides, and apertures. These determine the excited mode and coupling.
3) A case study of a cylindrical DRA analyzing modes using analytical equations and simulations. For a dielectric constant of 30, the HE11δ mode resonates at 503.6 MHz and is excited using a coaxial probe.
This document provides a review of aperture coupled microstrip antennas. It begins with a brief history, noting the antenna was first introduced in 1985 to address issues with integrated phased arrays using a single substrate layer. The basic operating principles are then described, including how the independent selection of antenna and feed substrate materials allows shielding of the radiating aperture from the feed network. Applications include active arrays and theoretically zero cross polarization. Key development areas are also listed, such as impedance bandwidth improvements from 5-50% and many possible design variations.
Rectangular ring shaped Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Dual and Wideband Fr...Pranav Chauhan
The document describes a rectangular ring shaped dielectric resonator antenna designed for dual-band and wideband frequency operation. It presents the proposed antenna design, methodology used in CST software, design procedure involving defining the substrate, ground plane, dielectric resonator, microstrip line, and short circuit strips. Results are shown for different parametric values including return loss, VSWR, directivity, gain and efficiency. A modified design is also analyzed and results are compared between the proposed and modified antenna designs.
CPW fed SRR loaded monopole antenna for triple band operationsIJECEIAES
A planar CPW fed SRR loaded monopole antenna based on split ring resonator with triple-band operations is reported for passive UHF RFID, Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) and World Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. Measured and simulated results show the effect of tapering of the SRR layer on bandwidth improvement and gain enhancement in comparison to monopole with SRR antenna. The CPW fed SRR loaded monopole antenna has a bidirectional pattern with high gain for wireless communication applications.
A Novel Design and Characterization of 3-Shape Microstrip Patch Antenna for C...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and characterization of a novel 3-shape microstrip patch antenna for C-band and X-band applications. A 3-shape slot was cut into a square patch to enhance bandwidth. Finite element method simulations showed the antenna resonated at 4.31 GHz, 6.45 GHz and 8.88 GHz with return losses of -15.39 dB, -11.31 dB and -12.41 dB respectively. Radiation patterns and VSWR were analyzed to characterize antenna performance across C-band and X-band frequencies. The proposed antenna design achieved increased bandwidth over a simple patch antenna.
Wideband Rod-Dipole Antenna with a Modified Feed for DTV Signal ReceptionSaou-Wen Su
A wideband rod-dipole antenna with a modified feed for DTV signal reception in the 470-862-MHz UHF band is presented. The antenna consists of two retractable rod-dipole arms, which are connected to the opposite top corners of the modified feed. The feed is in the shape of a rectangle with dimensions 20 mm × 40 mm and divided into two portions by a U slit. The antenna can generate nearby resonant modes to attain a wide operating band, exceeding 60% bandwidth with VSWR below 3, much larger than that of the conventional center-fed dipole antenna. In addition, with the two dipole arms designed at the production stage to be able to swivel around, the antenna radiation and polarization thereof can easily be adjusted for better DTV signal reception without moving the whole antenna structure.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document summarizes research on a miniaturized 878 MHz slotted meander line monopole antenna. The antenna was designed using slots and a meander line to reduce the size by 70% compared to a conventional antenna. The proposed antenna has a simple structure, small size of 46.8 x 74 mm, and operates at the desired frequency of 878 MHz. Simulation and measurement results showed the antenna produces an omnidirectional radiation pattern with an impedance bandwidth of 48.83 MHz and maximum gain of -1.18 dBi, validating the simulated performance. The antenna's miniaturization approach using slots and a meander line increases the effective electrical length to reduce the operating frequency.
Small Size Planar Inverted-F Antenna for WiMAX ApplicationsIJEEE
This work presents a small size planner inverted-F antenna (PIFA), with a single feed which covers WiMAX (3.2-3.6 GHz) and (5-5.8 GHz) range. The proposed antenna has many advantages like compact size and wide operation bandwidth. The antenna portion of 20mm* 15mm and the overall dimension25mm *40mm can be easily applied in the USB dongle.
A Compact Reconfigurable Dual Band-notched Ultra-wideband Antenna using Varac...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, a reconfigurable dual band-notched ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna is presented.
The antenna design consists of a circular shape with two pairs of the L-resonator. To realize the notch
characteristics in WLAN at 5.2 GHz and 5.8 GHz bands, the half wavelength of the L-resonator is
introduced in the design. The T-shaped notch is etched in the ground to enhance the bandwidth which
covers the UWB operating frequency range from 3.219–10.863 GHz. The proposed reconfigurable dual
band-notched UWB antenna shows good impedance matching for the simulated in the physical layout.
Furthermore, the proposed antenna has a compact size of 37.6x28 mm2. This proposed reconfigurable
design can provide an alternative solution for the wireless system in the designing of a band-notched
antenna with a good tuning capability.
Dual band wide angle scanning planar phased array in x ku banddani_786
This document summarizes the design and development of a novel dual-band X/Ku-band planar phased array antenna. The array uses a single layer crossed L-bar microstrip design that allows it to operate in two frequency bands with a ratio of 1.8:1, providing wide-angle scanning of 60 and 50 degrees in the low and high bands respectively. The 7x7 dual-band array was simulated and exhibits low-profile with dimensions of 0.33x0.33 wavelengths at the low band frequency, while maintaining good impedance matching across both bands and scanning angles. The crossed L-bar design reduces the element size while maintaining orthogonal polarization and low mutual coupling between elements.
This document summarizes the design and performance evaluation of a two-unit Yagi-Uda antenna array for UHF satellite communication. Simulations were conducted using 4NEC2 software to optimize the design for a gain of 18.6 dBi at 437.025 MHz. Field tests validated the antenna array achieved high gain and front-to-back ratio while maintaining low standing wave ratio across the UHF band. The two-unit circularly polarized crossed Yagi array design successfully improved communication link margins for small cube satellites operating with stringent power budgets.
Improved Vivaldi Antenna with Radiation Pattern Control FeaturesTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Vivaldi antenna has been considered as a mitigation to the scattering effect of an antenna.
However, the current performance of Vivaldi antenna suffers from multipath effect, interfering signals and
radiation pattern control. This paper proposed an improved Vivaldi antenna which combined triple radiating
slot to enable control of radiation pattern features. This is accomplished by controlling the position of the
radiating element through the asymmetric arrangement of ideal switches to steer the beam in three
desired-directions. The Using operating frequency lied between 900 MHz and 2.5GHz, the proposed
design was fabricated and tested. Depending on the radiating element, the proposed anten na covered
about ±90º with an almost equal gain at the three different focal in contrast to ±45º coverage of traditional
rectangular microstrip antenna beam. The results satisfied pattern reconfigurability and the proposed
design can be very useful for wireless communications where multipath fading problems are frequently
encountered.
This document presents the design of a dual-band electrically small microstrip antenna with folded dipole slots for C and X band applications. A rectangular probe-fed microstrip patch antenna is designed using Rogers RT/duroid 5880 as the substrate. Slots are placed in the patch to form a folded dipole structure, which increases the bandwidth. Parameters like return loss, gain, radiation patterns, surface currents and E/H fields are simulated using HFSS. The antenna achieves return losses of -17.13dB and -18.81dB at 6.31GHz and 11.08GHz respectively, with a maximum gain of 8.1dB. The proposed antenna design can be used for applications requiring operation in C
This document describes the design and analysis of a slot fractal antenna using the Koch curve. The antenna is designed using iterations of the Koch curve applied to the slot geometry of the antenna. The antenna is simulated using HFSS software. The results show that applying two iterations of the Koch curve to the slot antenna design produces good return loss across multiple bands from 2GHz to 10GHz, making it suitable for wireless applications. The antenna is printed on an FR4 substrate that is 1.6mm thick with a relative permittivity of 4.4. Simulated results for the base design and designs with one and two iterations indicate that two iterations provides the best return loss performance.
Study of Planar Inverted - F Antenna (PIFA) for mobile devices Naveen Kumar
A brief study of planar inverted-F antenna is given. Basic structure of PIFA is discussed and effect of various parameters is explained. Techniques to improve bandwidth coverage by the antenna are also discussed.
The document describes a rectangular microstrip patch antenna designed for both multiband and wideband wireless applications. The antenna is designed on an FR4 substrate measuring 30x40x1.57mm with an E-shaped slot cut in the ground plane. Simulation results show the antenna resonates at four frequencies between 3-9GHz with return losses between -12 to -21dB. Radiation patterns and surface currents are analyzed at several resonant frequencies. Peak gains of 2.4dBi and 3.6dBi are observed at two frequencies. The antenna design achieves both multiband and wideband performance in a single compact structure suitable for wireless applications.
Circularly polarized microstrip antenna with reactive load design for wireles...BASIM AL-SHAMMARI
Abstract
This paper presents a design of microstrip antenna for IEEE 802.11b and for IEEE 802.11g using a nearly square patch antenna, excited by a standard miniature adapter probe feed line. The patch and ground plain are separated by a substrate; the radiating patch is loaded by a central shorting pin and feeding probe loaded by a series capacitor. This antenna has wide bandwidth in the frequency band of (WLAN) and with a return loss ≤ −10 dB from 2.4 GHz to 2.48 GHz exhibits circularly polarized far field radiation pattern.
The proposed antennas have been simulated and analyzed using method of moments (MoM) based software package Microwave Office 2008 v8.0. The results show that the bandwidth of the antenna increases by using reactive load. The simulated gain of the antenna is over 6 dB.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Wideband circularly polarized cavity backed aperture antenna with a parasitic...Mohit Joshi
This document summarizes a wideband circularly polarized cavity-backed aperture antenna. The proposed antenna consists of a circular aperture antenna, a low-profile backed cavity, and a parasitic square patch. The cavity provides unidirectional radiation while the parasitic patch enhances the axial ratio bandwidth. Measured results show the antenna achieves over 70% impedance bandwidth and 43.3% 3dB axial ratio bandwidth with a peak gain of 8.6 dBi. The antenna operates at 6 GHz with compact size and combines wide bandwidths, high efficiency, and ease of design and integration.
This document provides an overview of dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) and their design. It discusses:
1) Common DRA characteristics such as resonant frequencies defined by material properties and dimensions. Multiple modes can be excited and radiation patterns depend on the excited mode.
2) Common feeding methods for DRAs including coaxial probes, microstrip lines, coplanar waveguides, and apertures. These determine the excited mode and coupling.
3) A case study of a cylindrical DRA analyzing modes using analytical equations and simulations. For a dielectric constant of 30, the HE11δ mode resonates at 503.6 MHz and is excited using a coaxial probe.
This document provides a review of aperture coupled microstrip antennas. It begins with a brief history, noting the antenna was first introduced in 1985 to address issues with integrated phased arrays using a single substrate layer. The basic operating principles are then described, including how the independent selection of antenna and feed substrate materials allows shielding of the radiating aperture from the feed network. Applications include active arrays and theoretically zero cross polarization. Key development areas are also listed, such as impedance bandwidth improvements from 5-50% and many possible design variations.
Rectangular ring shaped Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Dual and Wideband Fr...Pranav Chauhan
The document describes a rectangular ring shaped dielectric resonator antenna designed for dual-band and wideband frequency operation. It presents the proposed antenna design, methodology used in CST software, design procedure involving defining the substrate, ground plane, dielectric resonator, microstrip line, and short circuit strips. Results are shown for different parametric values including return loss, VSWR, directivity, gain and efficiency. A modified design is also analyzed and results are compared between the proposed and modified antenna designs.
CPW fed SRR loaded monopole antenna for triple band operationsIJECEIAES
A planar CPW fed SRR loaded monopole antenna based on split ring resonator with triple-band operations is reported for passive UHF RFID, Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) and World Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. Measured and simulated results show the effect of tapering of the SRR layer on bandwidth improvement and gain enhancement in comparison to monopole with SRR antenna. The CPW fed SRR loaded monopole antenna has a bidirectional pattern with high gain for wireless communication applications.
A Novel Design and Characterization of 3-Shape Microstrip Patch Antenna for C...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and characterization of a novel 3-shape microstrip patch antenna for C-band and X-band applications. A 3-shape slot was cut into a square patch to enhance bandwidth. Finite element method simulations showed the antenna resonated at 4.31 GHz, 6.45 GHz and 8.88 GHz with return losses of -15.39 dB, -11.31 dB and -12.41 dB respectively. Radiation patterns and VSWR were analyzed to characterize antenna performance across C-band and X-band frequencies. The proposed antenna design achieved increased bandwidth over a simple patch antenna.
Wideband Rod-Dipole Antenna with a Modified Feed for DTV Signal ReceptionSaou-Wen Su
A wideband rod-dipole antenna with a modified feed for DTV signal reception in the 470-862-MHz UHF band is presented. The antenna consists of two retractable rod-dipole arms, which are connected to the opposite top corners of the modified feed. The feed is in the shape of a rectangle with dimensions 20 mm × 40 mm and divided into two portions by a U slit. The antenna can generate nearby resonant modes to attain a wide operating band, exceeding 60% bandwidth with VSWR below 3, much larger than that of the conventional center-fed dipole antenna. In addition, with the two dipole arms designed at the production stage to be able to swivel around, the antenna radiation and polarization thereof can easily be adjusted for better DTV signal reception without moving the whole antenna structure.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document summarizes research on a miniaturized 878 MHz slotted meander line monopole antenna. The antenna was designed using slots and a meander line to reduce the size by 70% compared to a conventional antenna. The proposed antenna has a simple structure, small size of 46.8 x 74 mm, and operates at the desired frequency of 878 MHz. Simulation and measurement results showed the antenna produces an omnidirectional radiation pattern with an impedance bandwidth of 48.83 MHz and maximum gain of -1.18 dBi, validating the simulated performance. The antenna's miniaturization approach using slots and a meander line increases the effective electrical length to reduce the operating frequency.
Small Size Planar Inverted-F Antenna for WiMAX ApplicationsIJEEE
This work presents a small size planner inverted-F antenna (PIFA), with a single feed which covers WiMAX (3.2-3.6 GHz) and (5-5.8 GHz) range. The proposed antenna has many advantages like compact size and wide operation bandwidth. The antenna portion of 20mm* 15mm and the overall dimension25mm *40mm can be easily applied in the USB dongle.
A Compact Reconfigurable Dual Band-notched Ultra-wideband Antenna using Varac...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, a reconfigurable dual band-notched ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna is presented.
The antenna design consists of a circular shape with two pairs of the L-resonator. To realize the notch
characteristics in WLAN at 5.2 GHz and 5.8 GHz bands, the half wavelength of the L-resonator is
introduced in the design. The T-shaped notch is etched in the ground to enhance the bandwidth which
covers the UWB operating frequency range from 3.219–10.863 GHz. The proposed reconfigurable dual
band-notched UWB antenna shows good impedance matching for the simulated in the physical layout.
Furthermore, the proposed antenna has a compact size of 37.6x28 mm2. This proposed reconfigurable
design can provide an alternative solution for the wireless system in the designing of a band-notched
antenna with a good tuning capability.
Dual band wide angle scanning planar phased array in x ku banddani_786
This document summarizes the design and development of a novel dual-band X/Ku-band planar phased array antenna. The array uses a single layer crossed L-bar microstrip design that allows it to operate in two frequency bands with a ratio of 1.8:1, providing wide-angle scanning of 60 and 50 degrees in the low and high bands respectively. The 7x7 dual-band array was simulated and exhibits low-profile with dimensions of 0.33x0.33 wavelengths at the low band frequency, while maintaining good impedance matching across both bands and scanning angles. The crossed L-bar design reduces the element size while maintaining orthogonal polarization and low mutual coupling between elements.
This document summarizes the design and performance evaluation of a two-unit Yagi-Uda antenna array for UHF satellite communication. Simulations were conducted using 4NEC2 software to optimize the design for a gain of 18.6 dBi at 437.025 MHz. Field tests validated the antenna array achieved high gain and front-to-back ratio while maintaining low standing wave ratio across the UHF band. The two-unit circularly polarized crossed Yagi array design successfully improved communication link margins for small cube satellites operating with stringent power budgets.
Improved Vivaldi Antenna with Radiation Pattern Control FeaturesTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Vivaldi antenna has been considered as a mitigation to the scattering effect of an antenna.
However, the current performance of Vivaldi antenna suffers from multipath effect, interfering signals and
radiation pattern control. This paper proposed an improved Vivaldi antenna which combined triple radiating
slot to enable control of radiation pattern features. This is accomplished by controlling the position of the
radiating element through the asymmetric arrangement of ideal switches to steer the beam in three
desired-directions. The Using operating frequency lied between 900 MHz and 2.5GHz, the proposed
design was fabricated and tested. Depending on the radiating element, the proposed anten na covered
about ±90º with an almost equal gain at the three different focal in contrast to ±45º coverage of traditional
rectangular microstrip antenna beam. The results satisfied pattern reconfigurability and the proposed
design can be very useful for wireless communications where multipath fading problems are frequently
encountered.
This document presents the design of a dual-band electrically small microstrip antenna with folded dipole slots for C and X band applications. A rectangular probe-fed microstrip patch antenna is designed using Rogers RT/duroid 5880 as the substrate. Slots are placed in the patch to form a folded dipole structure, which increases the bandwidth. Parameters like return loss, gain, radiation patterns, surface currents and E/H fields are simulated using HFSS. The antenna achieves return losses of -17.13dB and -18.81dB at 6.31GHz and 11.08GHz respectively, with a maximum gain of 8.1dB. The proposed antenna design can be used for applications requiring operation in C
This document describes the design and analysis of a slot fractal antenna using the Koch curve. The antenna is designed using iterations of the Koch curve applied to the slot geometry of the antenna. The antenna is simulated using HFSS software. The results show that applying two iterations of the Koch curve to the slot antenna design produces good return loss across multiple bands from 2GHz to 10GHz, making it suitable for wireless applications. The antenna is printed on an FR4 substrate that is 1.6mm thick with a relative permittivity of 4.4. Simulated results for the base design and designs with one and two iterations indicate that two iterations provides the best return loss performance.
Study of Planar Inverted - F Antenna (PIFA) for mobile devices Naveen Kumar
A brief study of planar inverted-F antenna is given. Basic structure of PIFA is discussed and effect of various parameters is explained. Techniques to improve bandwidth coverage by the antenna are also discussed.
The document describes a rectangular microstrip patch antenna designed for both multiband and wideband wireless applications. The antenna is designed on an FR4 substrate measuring 30x40x1.57mm with an E-shaped slot cut in the ground plane. Simulation results show the antenna resonates at four frequencies between 3-9GHz with return losses between -12 to -21dB. Radiation patterns and surface currents are analyzed at several resonant frequencies. Peak gains of 2.4dBi and 3.6dBi are observed at two frequencies. The antenna design achieves both multiband and wideband performance in a single compact structure suitable for wireless applications.
Circularly polarized microstrip antenna with reactive load design for wireles...BASIM AL-SHAMMARI
Abstract
This paper presents a design of microstrip antenna for IEEE 802.11b and for IEEE 802.11g using a nearly square patch antenna, excited by a standard miniature adapter probe feed line. The patch and ground plain are separated by a substrate; the radiating patch is loaded by a central shorting pin and feeding probe loaded by a series capacitor. This antenna has wide bandwidth in the frequency band of (WLAN) and with a return loss ≤ −10 dB from 2.4 GHz to 2.48 GHz exhibits circularly polarized far field radiation pattern.
The proposed antennas have been simulated and analyzed using method of moments (MoM) based software package Microwave Office 2008 v8.0. The results show that the bandwidth of the antenna increases by using reactive load. The simulated gain of the antenna is over 6 dB.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document summarizes a research paper on a bidirectional DC-DC converter with a Z-source network. The proposed converter aims to increase the output voltage level and regulation range compared to traditional bidirectional converters. It uses a fully bridge symmetrical circuit configuration with voltage and current sources. Simulation results using MATLAB show the converter can reduce current stress and improve efficiency for applications in hybrid electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. Key aspects analyzed include the converter's operating principles, voltage regulation model, and simulation circuit and results demonstrating operation in forward and reverse modes.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang pengucapan dan artikulasi huruf dalam bahasa Indonesia. Terdapat penjelasan mengenai bunyi yang dihasilkan oleh alat ucap, vokal, konsonan, dan gugus konsonan.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This lesson plan covers drawing triangles as homework, with an aim to prepare students for an exam on Friday about Module 6, Lesson 8. It directs students to complete an opening exercise on page S.40 of their textbook and do now work, in order to study for an exam on drawing triangles this coming Friday.
Formaldehyde is a colorless, strong-smelling gas used in making building materials and many household products. It is used in pressed-wood products, such as particleboard, plywood, and fiberboard; glues and adhesives; permanent-press fabrics; paper product coatings; and certain insulation materials.
Este documento proporciona información sobre una institución educativa venezolana. Se trata del Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Antonio José de Sucre en Barquisimeto, estado Falcón. Ofrece programas de estudio en administración de empresas.
Practica 6 complementos del diseños de un docuementoRoberto Duarte
Este documento resume el libro "Los Hornos de Hitler" de Olga Lengyel, un testimonio de primera mano de su experiencia como prisionera en los campos de concentración nazis de Auschwitz y Birkenau. Describe su llegada al campo, la separación de su familia, las crueles condiciones de vida y la constante amenaza de ser enviada a las cámaras de gas. Más adelante, forma parte de la resistencia en el campo ayudando a distribuir cartas y mantener la esperanza entre las prisioneras. Su relato ofrece detal
Este documento define una pista como un dato que ayuda a encontrar una respuesta o explicación a un hecho. Explica que las pistas deben validarse para determinar si son verdaderas o falsas. Como ejemplo, describe un robo en la casa de la tía de alguien donde la alarma no sonó durante el robo a pesar de activarse frecuentemente, lo que sugiere que el ladrón conocía la contraseña o que la alarma estaba dañada.
This document summarizes and reviews several luxury vehicles from the year 2014. It names the Mercedes-Benz S63 AMG 4MATIC Coupe and the Alfa Romeo 4c as the winners in their categories of sedans/coupes and sports cars/convertibles respectively, praising the S63's powerful performance and luxury accommodations and the 4c's stylish design and nimble handling. It also names the Cadillac Escalade, BMW i8, Lamborghini Huracán, Rolls-Royce Ghost II, and Porsche 911 Carrera GTS as winners in their respective classes, highlighting the attributes that make each deserving of the award. Quotes from automotive executives
El documento presenta un proyecto de intervención educativa que utiliza las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) como herramientas de apoyo para el aprendizaje en una escuela primaria vespertina en México. El proyecto incluyó un diagnóstico previo, la implementación de un juego interactivo y el uso de videos e imágenes para reforzar los conocimientos de los alumnos. El documento también revisa marcos teóricos relacionados con el uso pedagógico de las TIC y conceptos como la brecha digital
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document describes the design and simulation of a square microstrip patch antenna for S-band applications at 2.6 GHz. The antenna was designed using Ansoft HFSS simulation software. Key parameters of the antenna include a patch size of 41.2mm x 41.2mm, substrate size of 100mm x 90mm made from Rogers RT duroid 5880 dielectric material. An inset feed technique was used with a feed width of 1.8mm and length of 20mm. Simulation results showed a gain of 11.5dB and return loss of -32.11dB at the resonant frequency. Radiation patterns exhibited maximum gain in the broadside direction of 1.87dBi. The proposed antenna design achieved good
Frequency reconfigurable rectangular patch antenna for cognitive radio appli...IJECEIAES
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a frequency reconfigurable rectangular microstrip patch antenna using two varactor diodes. The antenna is designed to operate in unused spectrum bands between 2.9-5.32 GHz based on an analysis of spectrum occupancy data showing availability. A rectangular patch is designed for 5.8 GHz using mathematical equations. Two slots are cut into the patch corners and varactor diodes placed in the slots allow changing the electrical length and tuning the resonant frequency by varying the reverse bias voltage. Simulation results showing return loss and radiation patterns for different capacitance values demonstrate frequency reconfiguration capability with a tunability ratio of 1.93 across the identified unused spectrum.
This document presents the design and analysis of a microstrip patch antenna for triple band applications in digital communication systems. The antenna is designed to operate at 1.5 GHz, 2.4 GHz, and 5.5 GHz bands. It consists of a rectangular patch fed by a microstrip line with two additional arms of different lengths acting as resonators. Simulation results show the antenna achieves impedance matching across bandwidths of 700 MHz, 800 MHz, and 1 GHz at the three frequencies. It has an omnidirectional radiation pattern and gain between 5-6 dBi. The compact triple band design reduces the antenna size by 67% compared to a conventional patch antenna.
Bandwidth enhancement of dual-band bi-directional microstrip antenna using co...IJECEIAES
This paper presents a bandwidth enhancement of a dual-band bi-directional rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The novelty of this work lies in the modification of conventional rectangular microstip patch antenna by using the combination of two techniques: a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) and a defected patch structure (DPS). The structure of antenna was studied and investigated via computer simulation technology (CST). The dimension and position of CSRR on the ground plane was optimized to achieve dual bandwidth and bi-directional radiation pattern characteristics. In addition, the bandwidths were enhanced by defecting suitable shape incorporated in the microstrip patch. A prototype with overall dimension of 70.45×63.73 mm2 has been fabricated on FR-4 substrate. To verify the proposed design, the impedance bandwidth, gain, and radiation patterns were carried out in measurements. The measured impedance bandwidths were respectively 560 MHz (3.08-3.64 GHz) and 950 GHz (4.64-5.59 GHz) while the measured gains of each bandwidth were respectively 4.28 dBi and 4.63 dBi. The measured radiation patterns were in good agreement with simulated ones. The proposed antenna achieves wide dual bandwidth and bidirectional radiation patterns performances. Consequently, it is a promising candidate for Wi-Fi or 5G communications in specific areas such as tunnel, corridor, or transit and rail.
MINIATURISATION OF PATCH ANTENNA USING NOVEL FRACTAL GEOMETRYIAEME Publication
In the Field of low profile antennamicro strip patch antennas have attracted many researchers due to small sizeand low cost of fabrication. One of trending member of new designs is Fractalantenna. Fractal shapes are recursive/repetitive self-similar geometries, dueto this self-similarity they can provide high gain, multiband, widebandsolutions and design miniature antenna. Fractal shapes are widely used incomputing, analysis and design; recent trends suggest positive outcomes ofusing fractal shapes in electromagnetics and communication system. In thispaper Jerusalem cube fractal shape is introduced in probe fed conventionalpatch antenna for L1 band. A dual band antenna resonating at 1.41 GHz (L) and3.37 (S) GHz, band is constructed using said fractal shape.
IRJET - Design and Simulation of Multiband Microstrip AntennaIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and simulation of a multiband microstrip antenna. It begins with an abstract describing how fractal geometries have been used to improve antenna features like bandwidth. It then provides background on previous research using fractal shapes to design wideband and multiband antennas. This project aims to enhance bandwidth by combining different geometries into a hybrid fractal antenna. The antenna is analyzed using CST Microwave Studio software. Various feeding techniques and fractal geometries are tested to optimize parameters like efficiency and bandwidth. The document concludes the antenna has a wider bandwidth than regular antennas and further optimization of parameters could increase bandwidth for multiple applications.
Rectangular microstrip antenna design with multi-slotted patch and partial g...IJECEIAES
This rectangular microstrip patch antenna was designed using both multi-slotted patch and partial grounding techniques to enhance both gain and bandwidth. Simulation results showed the antenna achieved an improved gain of 8.06 dB across an ultra-wide bandwidth of 19.7 GHz, ranging from 3.15 to 22.85 GHz. The antenna also exhibited high efficiency of 96.83% and return loss of -28.35 dB, with directivity of 9.39 dB across the entire frequency range. These results demonstrated that using multi-slotted patches and partial grounding is effective for improving the performance of rectangular microstrip patch antennas.
This document describes the design of a multi-purpose planar antenna that can operate in multiple frequency bands including DCS, WiBro, Bluetooth, wireless LAN, and ISM. The antenna was designed with an open-loop structure transformed from a monopole antenna. It has advantages like smaller size, lower cost, lighter weight, and higher gain than existing antennas. The antenna's resonance frequency and bandwidth can be adjusted by changing the gap and height of the open loop. Simulation results showed the antenna achieved bandwidths of 1.745-1.891GHz and 2.469-2.750GHz, making it suitable for the specified frequency bands. Radiation patterns and current distributions were also simulated.
Iisrt 7-design of multi purpose planar antennaIISRTJournals
This document describes the design of a multi-purpose planar antenna that can operate in multiple frequency bands including DCS, WiBro, Bluetooth, wireless LAN, and ISM. The antenna was designed with an open-loop structure transformed from a monopole antenna. It has advantages like smaller size, lower cost, lighter weight, and higher gain than existing antennas. The antenna's resonance frequency and bandwidth can be adjusted by changing the gap and height of the open loop. Simulation results showed the antenna achieved bandwidths of 1.745-1.891GHz and 2.469-2.750GHz, making it suitable for the specified frequency bands. Radiation patterns and current distributions were also simulated.
This document describes the design of a multi-purpose planar antenna that can operate in multiple frequency bands including DCS, WiBro, Bluetooth, wireless LAN, and ISM. The antenna was designed with an open-loop structure transformed from a monopole antenna. It has advantages such as small size, low cost, light weight, and higher gain than existing antennas. The antenna's resonance frequency and bandwidth can be adjusted by changing the gap and height of the open loop. Measurement results showed the antenna achieved bandwidths of 1.745-1.891GHz and 2.469-2.750GHz, satisfying the needs of the target frequency bands. Radiation patterns and current distributions were also simulated.
The document summarizes a research paper on the design of a frequency reconfigurable monopole antenna with a switchable symmetric slot structure. The antenna is designed to operate across multiple frequency bands by using p-i-n diodes to switch the state of the symmetric slot structure on the ground plane. Five diode combinations are identified that allow the antenna to operate at different single and dual frequency bands between 1.72-9.57 GHz. The simple and compact antenna design makes it suitable for applications requiring reconfiguration across multiple frequency bands like cognitive radio and multi-radio wireless systems.
This document describes the design of a tunable antenna for cognitive radios operating in the UHF TV band (470-806 MHz). It discusses:
1) The design of a generalized impedance matching circuit using a π-network of fixed inductors and variable capacitors to match the antenna's impedance across the entire UHF TV band. The capacitors can be tuned digitally.
2) The use of a digitally tunable capacitor (DTC) in the impedance matching circuit to allow software control of the capacitance. Models of the DTC circuit elements and their variation with tuning state are presented.
3) A simplified equivalent circuit model of the DTC configured in shunt mode
This document describes the design and analysis of a two half-ring and half circular patch microstrip antenna for dual-band applications in the C-band frequencies. The antenna is designed to operate at 4.1 GHz and 6.5 GHz with moderate return loss and gain. Simulation results show the antenna achieves a peak gain of 3.08 dB at 4.1 GHz and 4.14 dB at 6.5 GHz when fabricated on FR4 epoxy substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and thickness of 3 mm. Current distribution and radiation patterns are also analyzed to understand the antenna performance at the resonant frequencies.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document summarizes research on miniaturizing a microstrip patch antenna using a novel metamaterial structure. A rectangular patch antenna was designed to resonate at 6 GHz. Then, a unit cell metamaterial composed of two nested split octagons was designed and shown to exhibit negative permeability and permittivity in a specific frequency band, behaving as a double-negative metamaterial. An array of these unit cells was placed on the patch antenna substrate. Simulation results showed the antenna's resonance frequency shifted to match the metamaterial's resonance frequency, allowing miniaturization of the antenna dimensions while maintaining performance. Both a 3x5 array and single unit cell were tested, demonstrating size reduction of the antenna for operation at 3
This document presents a high gain printed ultra wideband antenna concept covering 3-10 GHz. It summarizes a printed antenna design with circular dipole radiation elements fed by a planar printed circuit. A metallic reflector is used to shape the radiation pattern, providing a half-space radiation pattern in azimuth and moderate beamwidth in elevation. Simulation and measurement results show the antenna achieves a gain of 7-8 dBi across the band with a 180 degree azimuth beamwidth. The design offers a low-cost, easily integrated solution and was tested in a vehicle entertainment application.
A small H-shaped microstrip patch antenna (MPA) with enhanced bandwidth is presented. The H-shaped antenna is first studied and then fully simulated by HFSS. A dual U slot H patch configuration is proposed to increase the narrow bandwidth, radiation efficiency and directivity. A novel H-shaped patch antenna suitable for wireless and satellite communications is presented. This paper presents the dual U slot H-shaped microstrip patch antenna feed by transmission line. The decrease in the prices of handheld devices and services has made available on the move internet and web services facility to the customers, small antennas requirement are increasing. In this paper H-shaped patch antenna is designed using FR4 substrate. The proposed modified H shaped antenna is designed and simulated using HFSS and caters to various wireless applications such as WiMAX, Wi-Fi, UMTS and Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) e.g. T V, etc.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a modified patch antenna design for dual-band operation at 3 GHz and 5 GHz. The antenna design incorporates slots of different sizes and a defected ground structure to achieve the dual-band functionality. Simulation results using IE3D software show return losses of -12.17 dB at 3 GHz and -10.04 dB at 5 GHz. The fabricated antenna prototype shows good agreement with the simulated results, with a measured return loss of -12.71 dB. The proposed antenna design achieves the goal of operating at two frequency bands for applications requiring body-centric wireless communication.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Introducing Milvus Lite: Easy-to-Install, Easy-to-Use vector database for you...Zilliz
Join us to introduce Milvus Lite, a vector database that can run on notebooks and laptops, share the same API with Milvus, and integrate with every popular GenAI framework. This webinar is perfect for developers seeking easy-to-use, well-integrated vector databases for their GenAI apps.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Building RAG with self-deployed Milvus vector database and Snowpark Container...Zilliz
This talk will give hands-on advice on building RAG applications with an open-source Milvus database deployed as a docker container. We will also introduce the integration of Milvus with Snowpark Container Services.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
1. Priyanka Bhagwat et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.136-140
RESEARCH ARTICLE
www.ijera.com
OPEN ACCESS
Review on High Gain Conical Horn Antenna for Short-Range
Communications
Priyanka Bhagwat*, Teena Raikwar**
*(M.Tech Scholar, Department of Electronics & Communication, NRI college, RGPV University, Bhopal)
**(Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics & Communication, NRI college, RGPV University, Bhopal)
ABSTRACT
Horn antennas are very popular at UHF (300 MHz-3 GHz) and higher frequencies ( as high as 140 GHz). Horn
antennas often have a directional radiation pattern with a high antenna gain, which can range up to 25 dB in
some cases, with 10-20 dB being typical. Horn antennas have a wide impedance bandwidth, implying that the
input impedance is slowly varying over a wide frequency range. The bandwidth for practical horn antennas can
be of the order of 20:1 (for instance, operating from 1 GHz-20 GHz), with a 10:1 bandwidth being common.
The gain of horn antennas often increases as the frequency of operation is increased. This is because the size of
the horn aperture is measured in wavelengths; at higher frequencies the horn antenna is "electrically larger"
because high frequency has a smaller wavelength. Horn antennas have very little loss, so the directivity of a
horn is roughly equal to its gain.
In this paper, we will present review about conical horn antenna which uses hybrid technique and provides high
gain at frequencies ranging 3GHz keeping its size within limits. Also, literature survey will demostrate other
reference papers will includes horn antennas using different techniques and used for various applications.
Index Terms- Conical horn, double ridge guide horn (DRGH) antenna, hybrid antenna, millimeter wave
measurement
I.
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this paper is to provide
researchers a systematic survey of different horn
antenna and the various kinds of techniques used not
only to enhance the gain, but also to keep the overall
antenna size within acceptable limits. In recent years,
there have been extensive research efforts in
developing high-gain printed circuit microstrip
antennas for various applications. One of the main
gain-enhancing techniques can be achieved using array
principle, but the antenna size and complexity of the
feed network become limitation problems. But
nowadays new techniques are introduced to increase
antenna gain.
The most attractive technique is to use hybrid
configurations [7]–[13] where multiple antennas are
excited together with the same or different modes over
the same frequency range of operation.
Recently, a hybrid technique has been
proposed by Costanzo [7], where circular waveguide
elements are electromagnetically coupled through
circular apertures to a stripline to enhance the overall
antenna gain. Another recent technique uses a surfacemounted pyramidal horn excited by a rectangular
patch antenna and a dipole as in [8] or by a patch
surrounded by a resonating ring as in [9]. In [10],
stacked patches are used to feed a horn antenna,
resulting in an obvious gain enhancement. To increase
the overall antenna efficiency, the microstrip patch
antenna was replaced by a rectangular DRA in [11].
Merging between antenna array and surface-mounted
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horn was introduced in [12]. Use of superstrate with or
without parasitic radiators is considered as one of the
novel gain-enhancing techniques [13]. However, it
requires special fabrication facilities due to its design
complexity.
In this review paper, a high gain conical horn
hybrid antenna is proposed which can be used for
short range communications. The proposed antenna
design is also a good candidate to work as a scanning
element in millimeter-wave (MMW) imaging systems
for security applications or as a transreceiving sensor
for high data rate exchange between home/small office
electronic devices. The design should have high gain,
light weight, and compact size compared to a standard
horn antenna working in the same frequency range.
The overall antenna gain should be as high as 12 dB
and operate at frequencies ranging 3 GHz. This paper
will be the base paper and its reference papers are
discussed in literature review section.
II.
LITERATURE REVIEW
In the literature, many horn antennas have
been demonstrated which operates using different
techniques and are used for different applications. A
brief description of some of previous works is
demonstrated in this section.
In [1], Optimization of a Compact Conical
Horn Antenna System for High Power Microwaves in
the 4 to 6 GHz Range has been proposed. In this, a
conical horn antenna is being developed that radiates
high power microwaves in this range into high gain
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and highly directive radiation patterns from the TE11
mode in the feeding circular waveguide. Utilizing
finite element modelling techniques, the behaviour of
these high power electromagnetic waves can be
accurately described inside the waveguide as well as in
the near and far field regions. These techniques in turn
improve the quality of high power experiments
performed on the compact structure. Compact sources
allow for advances in the technologies of power
beaming, space propulsion, and high power radar.
Various advances in this field include (1) Texas Tech
University has created a compact Marx generator and
triode vircator system as a high power microwave
source [6]. This source generates a substantial amount
of power in the TE11 mode. A compact radiating
system is needed for this source to produce desired
radiation characteristics from this mode. The goal of
the system is to maximize the power transfer from the
vircator source to the radiating system while keeping
the system as compact as possible. (2) A compact
conical horn antenna has been designed at the
University of Missouri that operates in the 4 to 6 GHz
range and produces a forward directed radiation beam
with an approximate directivity of 10-15 dB, which
corresponds to a half power beam width of roughly 40
to 60 degrees in two orthogonal planes. Higher
directivities produce too narrow of a beam, whereas
lower directivities do not produce the desired power
densities. COMSOL Multiphysics’ RF Module, a
software that implements the finite element method,
was used to analyze the near and far field region of the
electric field and radiated power patterns [5].
A conical horn antenna was designed to radiate high
power microwaves in the 4 – 6 GHz range with a
directivity of 10-15 dB. The design constraints state
that the entire system must be no larger than 15 cm in
diameter and must be as short as possible in length.
The design parameters, labeled in Figure 1, and their
selected values can be seen in Table 1. This geometry
allows the TE11 mode to propagate into the antenna in
the designated frequency range.
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By [2], An Improved Design for a 1–18 GHz
Double-Ridged Guide Horn Antenna is studied. It is a
well-known fact that the traditional 1–18 GHz double
ridge guide horn (DRGH) antenna suffers from pattern
deterioration above 12 GHz. At these frequencies,
instead of maintaining a single main lobe radiation
pattern, the pattern splits up into four lobes as shown
in fig.2 and the boresight gain reduces by
approximately 6 dB. This makes the use of these
antennas for EMC and measurement applications less
desirable. Subsequently, a new open boundary type of
horn design that produces. a single main beam across
the band was developed.
The new design included a number of
changes:
• The dielectric sidewalls were removed to improve
the radiation characteristics of the DRGH antenna
above 12 GHz. It was found in that the dielectric
rather than the metallic strips of the sidewalls
causes an on-axis gain drop at 18 GHz. The
removal of the sidewalls was at the expense of the
low frequency (1–4 GHz) performance— the
beamwidth increased and the gain decreased.
• The ridges and the conducting flares (top and
bottom) were redesigned to reduce edge
diffraction and improve the aperture match. The
ridge’s curvature was modified to a linear section
near the feed point, an intermediate exponential
section and a circular section near the aperture.
The flare outlines were changed to eliminate sharp
corners due to the removal of the sidewalls.
• The coax to ridge waveguide transition was
redesigned and mode suppression fins were
included to prevent the excitation of higher order
modes. A cavity was included (just behind the
mode suppression fins) to reduce the VSWR .
• The antenna was finally scaled down to further
improve the high frequency behaviour.
These changes significantly improved the
antenna performance at the higher frequencies,
Figure 1. Cross section of conical horn antenna with
design parameters, which correspond to Table 1.
Table 1
Selected Conical Horn Design
parameters
Parameter
X
W
L
Y
A
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Value
7.3cm
3cm
8.6cm
4.6cm
41.73°
Fig.2. Simulated three dimensional radiation pattern of
the traditional DRGH antenna with dielectric sidewalls
at 18 GHz.
In this paper an improved double ridge guide
horn antenna with metallic grid sidewalls to restore the
lower frequency performance back to that of the
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traditional double ridge waveguide horn antenna is
proposed. The coax-to-double ridge waveguide
transition is redesigned to suppress any higher order
double ridge waveguide modes that can propagate. In
addition to the improved pattern and gain performance
of the proposed antenna, the design of the coax-todouble ridge waveguide transition reduces any
sensitivity caused by machining tolerances during the
manufacturing process. This allows for mass
production of 1–18 GHz double ridge waveguide horn
antennas with improved repeatability, pattern and gain
performance over the full 1–18 GHz band.
Advantages of new design include:
1. Eliminate any pattern deterioration due to the
excitation of higher order modes across the entire
frequency band.
2. Improve the gain and VSWR performance of the
open boundary DRGH antenna in the 1 to 3 GHz range
3. Reduce the possibility of gaps that could lead to
performance deterioration by reducing the number of
individual parts in the antenna construction. Fig. 3 and
Table II show the outline dimensions of the new
design.
.
Fig. 3 New 1–18 GHz DRGH showing outline
dimensions.
Table II New 1–18 GHz DRGH Final Antenna
Dimensions
In [3], Gain Enhancement by Dielectric
Horns in the Terahertz Band is studied. The structure
is based on a horn antenna etched in the substrate and
fed with a planar printed antenna used for generation
of terahertz radiation, designed for the 200 GHz to 3
THz range. A dielectric semiconductor horn antenna
etched on a high permittivity and thick substrate is
proposed to focus the radiation, reduce the energy
distribution and enhance the gain of the device in the
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broadside direction in the THz band. A sketch of this
process is shown in Fig. 4(a) and (b). In the first case a
conventional system is depicted, where the radiation
has a strong diffusion through the substrate. In order to
overcome this issue, a horn antenna is etched into the
semiconductor as shown in Fig. 4(b). The energy
diffusion is reduced in the substrate, focalizing all the
radiation into the broadside direction.
In this paper, horn substrate with a planar
printed antenna over a dielectric slab propagating the
mode has been used. The energy coupling to this mode
is maximized through the dielectric slab. A 1:10
bandwidth has been achieved with a broadband logspiral antenna.
Fig. 4. (a) Energy distribution on a high permittivity
substrate, (b) proposed structure with the antenna on
top.
In [4], Dual-Band Horn Array Design Using a
Helical Exciter for Mobile Satellite Communication
Terminals is studied A horn array antenna is proposed
for dual-band and dual-polarization operation. The
array is optimally designed to be used as a feeder in
mobile satellite terminals with a hybrid antenna (HA)
structure, but it can be also used independently as a
phased array. The array has an oval-shaped rim to
maximize the efficiency of the HA, and is composed
of 20 horn elements in a hexagonal structure. The
element has a horn radiator with a conical helix, which
is placed inside the horn and excited by two ports for
TX and RX at both ends. Therefore, the antenna can
be simultaneously operational in the Ka-band TX and
K-band RX frequency bands, using a compact
structure providing left-hand circular polarization
(LHCP) for TX and right-hand circular polarization
(RHCP). The antenna has a minimum gain of 21.7 dBi
over the TX band and 19.7 dBi over the RX band over
the desired scan region. The maximum pointing error
is about 0.32 and the pointing loss is approximately
1.3 dB. In addition to meeting the above RF
requirements, the antenna is designed to meet
environmental specifications such as wind loads as
required for mobile terminals. The array is composed
of 20 elements in the aperture rim with a distorted oval
shape to optimize the HA performance in a given size,
and the element antennas are rotated by 90° for
optimal beam pattern synthesis. The main
specifications of the array are summarized in Table III.
To realize an element antenna that meets the array
antenna performance requirements listed in Table III
in a small-sized structure, a horn antenna with a conetype helix having two ports at both ends is proposed.
The structural design is shown in Fig. 5
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Table III
Main Specifications Of The Array
Parameter
TX
Frequency
30.885GHz
Polarization
LHCP
Return loss
>10dB
Axial ratio
<1dB
Isolation
>15dB
(for RX band)
RX
21.155GHz
RHCP
>10dB
<1dB
>10dB
(for TX band)
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Another antenna in [4] demostrates a horn array that
can be loaded into mobile satellite terminals with an
HA structure is studied. With the use of circular
polarization, this horn antenna is easy to fabricate and
its production costs is considerably reduced and it is
expected to find extensive use in satellite
communications.
IV.
CONCLUSION
In the review paper, A high-gain conical horn
hybrid antenna has been proposed in which overall
antenna gain should be as high as about 12 dB, which
makes it suitable for MMW imaging applications and
short-range communications. It should have light
weight and small size. We will work on this paper and
use reference papers for study.
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
Fig. 5. Design of a horn antenna with helix exciter: (a)
horn antenna structure and (b) geometry of the helix
exciter.
III.
DISCUSSION
Various horn antennas have been studied
which include a conical horn antenna for high power
microwaves[1] which provides high gain , highly
directive radiation patterns and VSWR performance
without any pattern deterioration. It includes compact
sources that allow for advances in the technologies of
power beaming, space propulsion, and high power
radar.
Also, in [2] 1–18 GHz double ridge
waveguide horn antenna is studied with improved
repeatability, pattern and gain performance over the
full 1–18 GHz band. The antenna has improved gain
and VSWR performance.
Another antenna using Terahertz (THz) band
[3] has been proposed due to its growing interest for
spectroscopy, radio astronomy and high power radar.
They can be used in high power radar systems,
microwave weapons, power beaming etc.
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[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
Erik C. Becker, Scott D. Kovaleski and John
M. Gahl,“ Optimization of a Compact
Conical Horn Antenna System for High
Power Microwaves in the 4 to 6 GHz Range”
IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and
Electrical Insulation Vol. 18, No. 4; August
2011
Bennie Jacobs, Johann W. Odendaal,” An
Improved Design for a 1–18 GHz DoubleRidged Guide Horn Antenna”, IEEE
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Preu, Stefan Malzer, Gottfried H. Döhler,
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Nasimuddin, K. P. Esselle, and A. K. Verma,
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A. Bedair, “Design and development of high
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H. Vettikalladi, O. Lafond, and M. Himdi,
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