1) The document discusses using a Loop Power Controller (LPC) to improve distribution feeder loading balance for systems with high photovoltaic (PV) generation. The LPC controls real and reactive power flows between feeders by adjusting voltage ratio and phase shift.
2) A control algorithm is developed for the LPC to minimize loading imbalance and power losses based on hourly PV generation and load profiles from a distribution automation system.
3) Simulation results on Taiwanese distribution feeders show the LPC improves loading balance and reduces losses compared to conventional reconfiguration methods affected by intermittent PV generation.
Performance Analysis of DC Micro Grid with PV-Fuel Cell Hybrid GenerationIJMREMJournal
Conventional energy resources are being replaced by Renewable energy sources mainly due to increasing
environmental concerns. Photovoltaic (PV) and Fuel cell (FC) are suitable to be used in modern DC microgrids
due to their DC output. In this research work, a DC microgrid structure is proposed for small residential areas
using hybrid PV and FC generation. Power Electronic converters are used to regulate generated voltage of the
two sources for integration to a common DC bus. Proposed system is simulated using MATLAB SIMULINK to
observe its performance. Simulation results show that output voltage is properly maintained at different DC
A Single-Phase Dual-Stage PV-Grid System with Active FilteringIAES-IJPEDS
Integrating photovoltaic based electricity into the grid and power quality
improvement have become two major issues in electrical system. Formerly,
these can be solved by using two converter systems separately, a PV-Grid
System and an active power filter. But recent technology uses only a
converter system to do both function. An existed shunt active power filter
(SAPF) can be modified to form a dual-stage PV-Grid with active filtering
capability. In this paper, a PV-Grid System that is capable to transfer all
power generated by PV modules and reduce harmonic contents is proposed.
The system was formed by connecting a boost chopper as a Maximum Power
Point Tracker and PV modules to the DC-link capacitor of a single-phase
SAPF. It just needed a current transducer and also required simpler control
circuits. A voltage controller was needed to achieve power equilibrium while
a current controller was needed to make the grid current sinusoidal with unity
power factor. To verify the analysis, simulations and experiments were done.
In a distributed generation system, divers renewable agents are connected to the low voltage 3 phase utility grid by an inverter which is used as power condition and must assurance the higher efficiency of the renewable agent. To achieve this level of efficiency, a unitary power factor between the utility grid voltages and the inverter currents is necessary, and a synchronization algorithm is required for the perfect synchronization between the 3-phase utility grid and the renewable agent. The aim of this paper is to present the optimization of the performance of a Synchronization controller for a 3-phase photovoltaic grid-connected system, assessing its accuracy under different conditions and studying their drawbacks and advantages. A grid connected photovoltaic system with a nominal power of 5 kW is used so as to assess the behavior of the synchronization algorithm when the 3 phase utility grid is affected by some disturbances such as voltage unbalances.
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
Performance Analysis of DC Micro Grid with PV-Fuel Cell Hybrid GenerationIJMREMJournal
Conventional energy resources are being replaced by Renewable energy sources mainly due to increasing
environmental concerns. Photovoltaic (PV) and Fuel cell (FC) are suitable to be used in modern DC microgrids
due to their DC output. In this research work, a DC microgrid structure is proposed for small residential areas
using hybrid PV and FC generation. Power Electronic converters are used to regulate generated voltage of the
two sources for integration to a common DC bus. Proposed system is simulated using MATLAB SIMULINK to
observe its performance. Simulation results show that output voltage is properly maintained at different DC
A Single-Phase Dual-Stage PV-Grid System with Active FilteringIAES-IJPEDS
Integrating photovoltaic based electricity into the grid and power quality
improvement have become two major issues in electrical system. Formerly,
these can be solved by using two converter systems separately, a PV-Grid
System and an active power filter. But recent technology uses only a
converter system to do both function. An existed shunt active power filter
(SAPF) can be modified to form a dual-stage PV-Grid with active filtering
capability. In this paper, a PV-Grid System that is capable to transfer all
power generated by PV modules and reduce harmonic contents is proposed.
The system was formed by connecting a boost chopper as a Maximum Power
Point Tracker and PV modules to the DC-link capacitor of a single-phase
SAPF. It just needed a current transducer and also required simpler control
circuits. A voltage controller was needed to achieve power equilibrium while
a current controller was needed to make the grid current sinusoidal with unity
power factor. To verify the analysis, simulations and experiments were done.
In a distributed generation system, divers renewable agents are connected to the low voltage 3 phase utility grid by an inverter which is used as power condition and must assurance the higher efficiency of the renewable agent. To achieve this level of efficiency, a unitary power factor between the utility grid voltages and the inverter currents is necessary, and a synchronization algorithm is required for the perfect synchronization between the 3-phase utility grid and the renewable agent. The aim of this paper is to present the optimization of the performance of a Synchronization controller for a 3-phase photovoltaic grid-connected system, assessing its accuracy under different conditions and studying their drawbacks and advantages. A grid connected photovoltaic system with a nominal power of 5 kW is used so as to assess the behavior of the synchronization algorithm when the 3 phase utility grid is affected by some disturbances such as voltage unbalances.
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
Inverter Design using PV System Boost ConverterIJMTST Journal
Many types of renewable energy, such as photovoltaic (PV), wind, tidal, and geothermal energy, have attracted a lot of attention over the past decade. Among these natural resources, the PV energy is a main and appropriate renewable energy for low-voltage dc-distribution systems, owing to the merits of clean, quiet, pollution free, and abundant. In the dc-distribution applications, a power system, including renewable distributed generators (DGS), dc loads (lighting, air conditioner, and electric vehicle), and a bidirectional inverter, is shown in fig. 1,in which two PV arrays with two maximum power point trackers (MPPTS) are implemented. However, the I–V characteristics of the PV arrays are nonlinear, and they require MPPTS to draw the maximum power from each PV array. Moreover, the bidirectional inverter has to fulfill grid connection (sell power) and rectification (buy power)with power-factor correction (PFC) to control the power flow between dc bus and ac grid,and to regulate the dc bus to a certain range of voltages, such as 380± 10 v.
Simulation and Control of PV Based Gird Connected Energy Management System Us...IJMTST Journal
Droop control has commonly been used with distributed generators for relating their terminal parameters with power generation. The generators have also been assumed to have enough capacities for supplying the required power. This is however not always true, especially with renewable sources with no or insufficient storage for cushioning climatic changes. In addition, most droop-controlled literatures have assumed a single dc-ac inverter with its input dc source fixed. Front-end dc-dc converter added to a two-stage photovoltaic (PV) system has therefore usually been ignored. To address these unresolved issues, an improved droop scheme for a two-stage PV system has been developed in the paper. The Proposed scheme uses the STATCOM control structure in both grid-connected and islanded modes, which together with properly tuned synchronizers, and mitigates the harmonics, by providing Reactive power and Load current Subsequently the proposed scheme adapts well with internal PV and external grid fluctuations, and is hence more precise with its tracking, as compared with the traditional droop scheme. Simulation and experimental results are obtained using MATLAB Simulink. .
An Improved UPQC Controller to Provide Grid-Voltage RegulationIJMTST Journal
In this paper presents an improved controller for the dual topology of the Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) extending its capability in power quality compensation, as well as in micro-grid applications. By the use of this controller, beyond the conventional UPQC power quality features including voltage sag/swell compensation, the iUPQC will also compensate reactive power support to regulate not only the load-bus voltage, but also the voltage at the grid-side bus. We can say, the iUPQC will work as a STATCOM at the grid side, while providing also the conventional UPQC compensations at the load terminal or micro-grid side. Experimental results are provided to verify the new functionality of the equipment.
[1] a control of stand alone photovoltaic waterNgoc Dinh
1. Vu Hoang Phuong, Le Viet Hung, Nguyen Dinh Ngoc, Tran Anh Dung, Nguyen Van Dua, “A control of stand-alone photovoltaic Water Pumping Systems”, The 9th AUN/SEED-Net Regional Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (RCEEE 2016).
Design and Simulation of a Three Phase Power Converter Connected To a Distrib...IJERA Editor
The distributed generation systems based on renewable energy sources (photovoltaic, fuel cells, and storage systems such as ultra capacitors and batteries) are of great interest due to their low environmental impact and technical advantages such as improvements in voltage levels and reduced power losses when a distributed generation system is installed in radial lines. Two control algorithms were proposed to improve the grid-connected and intentional-islanding operations methods, in which the distributed generation system must detect the situation and switch from power or current to voltage as a control variable to provide constant rms voltage to the local loads. The power flow between the grid and the distributed generation is controlled by applying a power/voltage method that regulates the amplitude and the displacement of the grid voltage synthesized by the distributed generation, while a phase-locked loop algorithm is used to synchronize the grid and distributed generation.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Restoration plans are guidelines for system operators to use during blackout and blackstart events. However, many utilities face several challenges to their restoration plans including generation retirements affecting the availability of next-start generators and steep increasing levels of renewable generation. This paper addresses the two challenges highlighted by dynamically assessing one of Dominion Energy’s blackstart cranking paths and studying the impact of photovoltaic (PV) generation during restoration events. Potentially useful PV inverter control schemes are identified and studied to aid the restoration process. One of the blackstart cranking paths that is currently in Dominion Energy’s system restoration plan is studied using PSSE. A 20 MW capacity PV farm located on the path is used to study the impact of PV considering no control scheme, a voltage control scheme, and two active power control techniques: curtailment-based or battery storage. The voltage control scheme is found to successfully mitigate over-voltage from energizing long and extra-high voltage lines. Both active power control techniques improve the frequency nadir although, operational and implementation challenges have been identified for these schemes.
Design and Analysis of Three Phase Inverter with Two Buck/Boost MPPTs for DC ...IJERA Editor
Anintegration and operation of a three-phase inverter with twobuck/boost maximum power point trackers
(MPPTs) for dc-distribution applications. In a dc-distribution system, a three phase inverter isrequired to control
the power flow between dc busand three phase ac grid, and to regulate the dc bus to a certainrange of voltages.
A droop regulation mechanism according to the inverter inductor current levels to reduce capacitor size, balance
power flow, and accommodate load variation is proposed. Since thephotovoltaic (PV) array voltage can vary
from 0 to 5000 V, especially with thin-film PV panels, the MPPT topology is formed with buck and boost
converters to operate at the dc-bus voltage around 4000 V, reducing the voltage stress of its followed inverter.
Additionally, the controller can online check the input configuration of the two MPPTs, equally distribute the
PV-array output current to the two MPPTs in parallel operation, and switch control laws to smooth out mode
transition. A comparison between the conventional boost MPPT and the proposed buck/boost MPPT integrated
with a PV inverter is also presented. Asingle-phase bidirectional inverter with two buck/boost maximum power
point trackers (MPPTs) by using the closed loop circuit. This project is workout bySimulink using mat lab.
In this article, we have proposed a new control of a PV system connected to the grid. The goal is
to reduce current and voltage harmonicsfor increasing the quality of delivered energy. First, we have
modeled a PV panel. Then we have dimensioned the BOOST converter by finding L and C values. Next,
we have used Perturb and Observe (P&O) Maximum Power Point Control (MPPT) to improve energy
efficiency. Finally, We have developed a control of single-phase H-bridge inverter in order to eliminate the
3rd,5th,7th and 9th harmonics order, and added an LCLTo connect the PV inverter to the grid, an LCL
betweenthe inverter and the grid. Theperformance of the proposed system was tested by computing
spectrum and THD usingMatlab/Simulink software. The proposed architecture provides better Total
Harmonic Distortion (THD) which satisfy the EN50160 requirement the THD must be less than 4.66%. We
found that THD was decreased from 61.93% to 0.04%.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Narrating Fantasy in the Novel Pratimayum Rajakumariyum (The Statue and the P...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Comparative study on Garments dyeing process and Fabric dyeing process on var...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Inverter Design using PV System Boost ConverterIJMTST Journal
Many types of renewable energy, such as photovoltaic (PV), wind, tidal, and geothermal energy, have attracted a lot of attention over the past decade. Among these natural resources, the PV energy is a main and appropriate renewable energy for low-voltage dc-distribution systems, owing to the merits of clean, quiet, pollution free, and abundant. In the dc-distribution applications, a power system, including renewable distributed generators (DGS), dc loads (lighting, air conditioner, and electric vehicle), and a bidirectional inverter, is shown in fig. 1,in which two PV arrays with two maximum power point trackers (MPPTS) are implemented. However, the I–V characteristics of the PV arrays are nonlinear, and they require MPPTS to draw the maximum power from each PV array. Moreover, the bidirectional inverter has to fulfill grid connection (sell power) and rectification (buy power)with power-factor correction (PFC) to control the power flow between dc bus and ac grid,and to regulate the dc bus to a certain range of voltages, such as 380± 10 v.
Simulation and Control of PV Based Gird Connected Energy Management System Us...IJMTST Journal
Droop control has commonly been used with distributed generators for relating their terminal parameters with power generation. The generators have also been assumed to have enough capacities for supplying the required power. This is however not always true, especially with renewable sources with no or insufficient storage for cushioning climatic changes. In addition, most droop-controlled literatures have assumed a single dc-ac inverter with its input dc source fixed. Front-end dc-dc converter added to a two-stage photovoltaic (PV) system has therefore usually been ignored. To address these unresolved issues, an improved droop scheme for a two-stage PV system has been developed in the paper. The Proposed scheme uses the STATCOM control structure in both grid-connected and islanded modes, which together with properly tuned synchronizers, and mitigates the harmonics, by providing Reactive power and Load current Subsequently the proposed scheme adapts well with internal PV and external grid fluctuations, and is hence more precise with its tracking, as compared with the traditional droop scheme. Simulation and experimental results are obtained using MATLAB Simulink. .
An Improved UPQC Controller to Provide Grid-Voltage RegulationIJMTST Journal
In this paper presents an improved controller for the dual topology of the Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) extending its capability in power quality compensation, as well as in micro-grid applications. By the use of this controller, beyond the conventional UPQC power quality features including voltage sag/swell compensation, the iUPQC will also compensate reactive power support to regulate not only the load-bus voltage, but also the voltage at the grid-side bus. We can say, the iUPQC will work as a STATCOM at the grid side, while providing also the conventional UPQC compensations at the load terminal or micro-grid side. Experimental results are provided to verify the new functionality of the equipment.
[1] a control of stand alone photovoltaic waterNgoc Dinh
1. Vu Hoang Phuong, Le Viet Hung, Nguyen Dinh Ngoc, Tran Anh Dung, Nguyen Van Dua, “A control of stand-alone photovoltaic Water Pumping Systems”, The 9th AUN/SEED-Net Regional Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (RCEEE 2016).
Design and Simulation of a Three Phase Power Converter Connected To a Distrib...IJERA Editor
The distributed generation systems based on renewable energy sources (photovoltaic, fuel cells, and storage systems such as ultra capacitors and batteries) are of great interest due to their low environmental impact and technical advantages such as improvements in voltage levels and reduced power losses when a distributed generation system is installed in radial lines. Two control algorithms were proposed to improve the grid-connected and intentional-islanding operations methods, in which the distributed generation system must detect the situation and switch from power or current to voltage as a control variable to provide constant rms voltage to the local loads. The power flow between the grid and the distributed generation is controlled by applying a power/voltage method that regulates the amplitude and the displacement of the grid voltage synthesized by the distributed generation, while a phase-locked loop algorithm is used to synchronize the grid and distributed generation.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Restoration plans are guidelines for system operators to use during blackout and blackstart events. However, many utilities face several challenges to their restoration plans including generation retirements affecting the availability of next-start generators and steep increasing levels of renewable generation. This paper addresses the two challenges highlighted by dynamically assessing one of Dominion Energy’s blackstart cranking paths and studying the impact of photovoltaic (PV) generation during restoration events. Potentially useful PV inverter control schemes are identified and studied to aid the restoration process. One of the blackstart cranking paths that is currently in Dominion Energy’s system restoration plan is studied using PSSE. A 20 MW capacity PV farm located on the path is used to study the impact of PV considering no control scheme, a voltage control scheme, and two active power control techniques: curtailment-based or battery storage. The voltage control scheme is found to successfully mitigate over-voltage from energizing long and extra-high voltage lines. Both active power control techniques improve the frequency nadir although, operational and implementation challenges have been identified for these schemes.
Design and Analysis of Three Phase Inverter with Two Buck/Boost MPPTs for DC ...IJERA Editor
Anintegration and operation of a three-phase inverter with twobuck/boost maximum power point trackers
(MPPTs) for dc-distribution applications. In a dc-distribution system, a three phase inverter isrequired to control
the power flow between dc busand three phase ac grid, and to regulate the dc bus to a certainrange of voltages.
A droop regulation mechanism according to the inverter inductor current levels to reduce capacitor size, balance
power flow, and accommodate load variation is proposed. Since thephotovoltaic (PV) array voltage can vary
from 0 to 5000 V, especially with thin-film PV panels, the MPPT topology is formed with buck and boost
converters to operate at the dc-bus voltage around 4000 V, reducing the voltage stress of its followed inverter.
Additionally, the controller can online check the input configuration of the two MPPTs, equally distribute the
PV-array output current to the two MPPTs in parallel operation, and switch control laws to smooth out mode
transition. A comparison between the conventional boost MPPT and the proposed buck/boost MPPT integrated
with a PV inverter is also presented. Asingle-phase bidirectional inverter with two buck/boost maximum power
point trackers (MPPTs) by using the closed loop circuit. This project is workout bySimulink using mat lab.
In this article, we have proposed a new control of a PV system connected to the grid. The goal is
to reduce current and voltage harmonicsfor increasing the quality of delivered energy. First, we have
modeled a PV panel. Then we have dimensioned the BOOST converter by finding L and C values. Next,
we have used Perturb and Observe (P&O) Maximum Power Point Control (MPPT) to improve energy
efficiency. Finally, We have developed a control of single-phase H-bridge inverter in order to eliminate the
3rd,5th,7th and 9th harmonics order, and added an LCLTo connect the PV inverter to the grid, an LCL
betweenthe inverter and the grid. Theperformance of the proposed system was tested by computing
spectrum and THD usingMatlab/Simulink software. The proposed architecture provides better Total
Harmonic Distortion (THD) which satisfy the EN50160 requirement the THD must be less than 4.66%. We
found that THD was decreased from 61.93% to 0.04%.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Narrating Fantasy in the Novel Pratimayum Rajakumariyum (The Statue and the P...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Comparative study on Garments dyeing process and Fabric dyeing process on var...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Implementation of Monitoring System for Cloud ComputingIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Visualizing Self - Exploring Your Personal MetricsJennifer Davis
Imagine a future in which you can more easily log, measure, and visualize work in ways that allows you to make decisions about how you improve, and choose work. Let's work together to change the culture around performance reviews by talking about the work we do, share metrics that expose the value of our work, and communicate about our work through visualizations.
A Novel Technique for Enhancing Active and Reactive Power Quality for Renewab...IJMER
Renewable energy resources (RES) are being increasingly connected in distribution systems utilizing power electronic converters. This paper presents a novel control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from these grid-interfacing inverters when installed in 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems. The inverter is controlled to perform as a multi-function device by incorporating active power filter functionality. The inverter can thus be utilized as: 1) power converter to inject power generated from RES to the grid, and 2) shunt APF to compensate current unbalance, load current harmonics, load reactive power demand and load neutral current. All of these functions may be accomplished either individually or simultaneously. With such a control, the combination of grid-interfacing inverter and the 3-phase 4-wire linear/non-linear unbalanced load at point of common coupling appears as balanced linear load to the grid. This new control concept is demonstrated with extensive MATLAB/Simulink simulation studies and results.
Grid Interconnection of Renewable Energy Sources at the Distribution Level Wi...Pradeep Avanigadda
Renewable energy resources (RES) are being increasingly
connected in distribution systems utilizing power electronic
converters. This paper presents a novel control strategy for
achieving maximum benefits from these grid-interfacing inverters
when installed in 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems. The inverter
is controlled to perform as a multi-function device by incorporating
active power filter functionality. The inverter can thus be
utilized as: 1) power converter to inject power generated from
RES to the grid, and 2) shunt APF to compensate current unbalance,
load current harmonics, load reactive power demand and
load neutral current. All of these functions may be accomplished
either individually or simultaneously. With such a control, the
combination of grid-interfacing inverter and the 3-phase 4-wire
linear/non-linear unbalanced load at point of common coupling
appears as balanced linear load to the grid. This new control
concept is demonstrated with extensive MATLAB/Simulink simulation
studies and validated through digital signal processor-based
laboratory experimental results.
Index Terms—Active power filter
Power quality optimization using a novel backstepping control of a three-phas...IJECEIAES
A novel nonlinear backstepping controller based on direct current (DC) link voltage control is proposed in three-phase grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) systems to control the active and reactive power flow between the PV system and the grid with improved power quality in terms of pure sinusoidal current injection with lower total harmonic distortion (THD), as well as to ensure unity power factor, or to compensate for reactive power required by the load, i.e., the electrical grid. The output power of the PV array is supplied to the grid through a boost converter with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control and an inverter. Simulation results of the proposed controller show good robustness under nominal conditions, parameter variations, and load disturbances, which presents the main advantage of this controller as compared to an existing controller. The performance of this work was evaluated using a MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Implementation of a Voltage Multiplier based on High Step-up Converter using FLCIJMTST Journal
A Front end of the Photovoltaic Solar Panel is been proposed based on Step-Up Converter. The use of
distributed energy resources is increasingly being pursued as a supplement and an alternative to large
conventional central power stations. The specification of a power electronic interface is subject to
requirements related not only to the renewable energy source itself but also to its effects on the power-system
operation, especially where the intermittent energy source constitutes a significant part of the total system
capacity. Implementing a voltage multiplier module, an asymmetrical interleaved high step-up converter
obtains high step-up gain without operating at an extreme duty ratio. The voltage multiplier module is
composed of a conventional boost converter and coupled inductors. An extra conventional boost converter is
integrated into the first phase to achieve a considerably higher voltage conversion ratio. The two-phase
configuration not only reduces the current stress through each power switch, but also constrains the input
current ripple, which decreases the conduction losses of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors.
In addition, the proposed converter functions as an active clamp circuit, which alleviates large voltage spikes
across the power switches. Finally, the simulation circuitry with a 40V input voltage and 230V output voltage
is operated to verify its performance analysis with respect to the Fuzzy Logic Controller. The highest
efficiency is 97.75%.
Enhancement in Power Quality With Grid Interconnection of Renewable Energy So...IJERA Editor
At present the Renewable energy resources (RES) are being increasingly connected in distribution systems utilizing power electronic converters. This paper presents a novel control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from these grid-interfacing inverters when installed in 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems. The inverter is controlled to perform as a multi-function device by incorporating active power filter functionality. The inverter can thus be utilized as power converter to inject power generated from RES to the grid and shunt APF to compensate current unbalance, load current harmonics, load reactive power demand and load neutral current. All of these functions may be accomplished either individually or simultaneously. With such a control, the combination of grid-interfacing inverter and the 3-phase 4-wire linear/non-linear unbalanced load at point of common coupling appears as balanced linear load to the grid. This new control concept is demonstrated with extensive MATLAB/Simulink simulation studies and validated through digital signal processor-based laboratory experimental results.
Stability Improvement in Grid Connected Multi Area System using ANFIS Based S...IJMTST Journal
Generally, the non-conventional energy sources are being extensively used in case of power electronic
converter based distribution systems. This paper mainly focuses on the wind energy system integrating with
grid connected system and also improvement of power quality features. The wind energy power plant is
modelled based on associated equations. For improving this power quality problems, this paper proposes the
concepts of shunt converter controllers. This paper also proposes the concepts of ANFIS based Static
Compensator. And also the results are compared for this cases. Thus with such a control, a balanced load
currents are obtained even in the presence of non-linear load. The experimental setup is done in Matlab and
verified the simulation results
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Improvement of Power Quality by using Injection Super Capacitor UPQC for BLDC...IJMTST Journal
This paper presents the operation of unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) as a universal active power
conditioning device to mitigate both current as well as voltage distortions at a distribution end of power
system network. The UPQC is designed by combining a series active power filter and shunt active power filter
which shares a common DC link capacitor and series active filter mitigate the voltage related harmonics in
power supply side and shunt active filters are mitigate the current related harmonics of non linear loads.
UPQC mitigate the harmonics and other harmonic sensitive loads. Among from them unified power quality
conditioner was widely studied by different controllers and we applied to BLDC motor for updating of load
characteristics that improve the power quality in distribution side.
Power Quality Improvement at Distribution Level for Grid Connected Renewable ...IJERA Editor
The non-linear load current harmonics may result in voltage harmonics and can create a serious PQ problem in
the power system network. Active power filters (APF) are extensively used to compensate the load current
harmonics and load unbalance at distribution level. This results in an additional hardware cost. However, in this
project it has incorporated the features of APF in the conventional inverter interfacing renewable with the grid,
without any additional hardware cost. Here, the main idea is the maximum utilization of inverter rating which is
most of the time underutilized due to intermittent nature of RES. The grid-interfacing inverter can effectively be
utilized to perform the four important functions they are to transfer active power harvested from the renewable
resources (wind, solar, etc.), load reactive power demand support, current harmonics compensation at PCC and
current unbalance and neutral current compensation in case of 3-phase 4-wire system. Moreover, with adequate
control of grid-interfacing inverter, all the four objectives can be accomplished either individually or
simultaneously. The PQ constraints at the PCC can therefore be strictly maintained within the utility standards
without additional hardware cost.
With such a control, the combination of grid-interfacing inverter and the 3-phase 4-wire linear/non-linear
unbalanced load at point of common coupling appears as balanced linear load to the grid. This new control
concept is demonstrated with extensive MATLAB/Simulink simulation studies
A Study on Translucent Concrete Product and Its Properties by Using Optical F...IJMER
- Translucent concrete is a concrete based material with light-transferring properties,
obtained due to embedded light optical elements like Optical fibers used in concrete. Light is conducted
through the concrete from one end to the other. This results into a certain light pattern on the other
surface, depending on the fiber structure. Optical fibers transmit light so effectively that there is
virtually no loss of light conducted through the fibers. This paper deals with the modeling of such
translucent or transparent concrete blocks and panel and their usage and also the advantages it brings
in the field. The main purpose is to use sunlight as a light source to reduce the power consumption of
illumination and to use the optical fiber to sense the stress of structures and also use this concrete as an
architectural purpose of the building
Developing Cost Effective Automation for Cotton Seed DelintingIJMER
A low cost automation system for removal of lint from cottonseed is to be designed and
developed. The setup consists of stainless steel drum with stirrer in which cottonseeds having lint is mixed
with concentrated sulphuric acid. So lint will get burn. This lint free cottonseed treated with lime water to
neutralize acidic nature. After water washing this cottonseeds are used for agriculter purpose
Study & Testing Of Bio-Composite Material Based On Munja FibreIJMER
The incorporation of natural fibres such as munja fiber composites has gained
increasing applications both in many areas of Engineering and Technology. The aim of this study is to
evaluate mechanical properties such as flexural and tensile properties of reinforced epoxy composites.
This is mainly due to their applicable benefits as they are light weight and offer low cost compared to
synthetic fibre composites. Munja fibres recently have been a substitute material in many weight-critical
applications in areas such as aerospace, automotive and other high demanding industrial sectors. In
this study, natural munja fibre composites and munja/fibreglass hybrid composites were fabricated by a
combination of hand lay-up and cold-press methods. A new variety in munja fibre is the present work
the main aim of the work is to extract the neat fibre and is characterized for its flexural characteristics.
The composites are fabricated by reinforcing untreated and treated fibre and are tested for their
mechanical, properties strictly as per ASTM procedures.
Hybrid Engine (Stirling Engine + IC Engine + Electric Motor)IJMER
Hybrid engine is a combination of Stirling engine, IC engine and Electric motor. All these 3 are
connected together to a single shaft. The power source of the Stirling engine will be a Solar Panel. The aim of
this is to run the automobile using a Hybrid engine
Fabrication & Characterization of Bio Composite Materials Based On Sunnhemp F...IJMER
The present day technology demands eco-friendly developments. In this era the
composite material are playing a vital roal in different field of Engineering .The composite materials
are using as a principle materials. Nowaday the composite materials are utilizing as a important
component of engineering field .Where as the importance of the applications of composites is well
known, but thrust on the use of natural fibres in it for reinforcement has been given priority for some
times. But changing from synthetic fibres to natural fibres provides only half green-composites. A
partial green composite will be achieved if the matrix component is also eco-friendly. Keeping this in
view, a detailed literature surveyed has been carried out through various issues of the Journals
related to this field. The material systems used are sunnhemp fibres. Some epoxy and hardener has
been also added for stability and drying of the bio-composites. Various graphs and bar-charts are
super-imposed on each other for comparison among themselves and Graphs is plotted on MAT LAB
and ORIGIN 6.0 software. To determining tensile strengths, Various properties for different biocomposites
have been compared among themselves. Comparison of the behaviour of bio-composites of
this work has been also compare with other works. The bio-composites developed in this work are
likely to get applications in fall ceilings, partitions, bio-degradable packagings, automotive interiors,
sports things (e.g. rackets, nets, etc.), toys etc.
Geochemistry and Genesis of Kammatturu Iron Ores of Devagiri Formation, Sandu...IJMER
The Greenstone belts of Karnataka are enriched in BIFs in Dharwar craton, where Iron
formations are confined to the basin shelf, clearly separated from the deeper-water iron formation that
accumulated at the basin margin and flanking the marine basin. Geochemical data procured in terms of
major, trace and REE are plotted in various diagrams to interpret the genesis of BIFs. Al2O3, Fe2O3 (T),
TiO2, CaO, and SiO2 abundances and ratios show a wide variation. Ni, Co, Zr, Sc, V, Rb, Sr, U, Th,
ΣREE, La, Ce and Eu anomalies and their binary relationships indicate that wherever the terrigenous
component has increased, the concentration of elements of felsic such as Zr and Hf has gone up. Elevated
concentrations of Ni, Co and Sc are contributed by chlorite and other components characteristic of basic
volcanic debris. The data suggest that these formations were generated by chemical and clastic
sedimentary processes on a shallow shelf. During transgression, chemical precipitation took place at the
sediment-water interface, whereas at the time of regression. Iron ore formed with sedimentary structures
and textures in Kammatturu area, in a setting where the water column was oxygenated.
Experimental Investigation on Characteristic Study of the Carbon Steel C45 in...IJMER
In this paper, the mechanical characteristics of C45 medium carbon steel are investigated
under various working conditions. The main characteristic to be studied on this paper is impact toughness
of the material with different configurations and the experiment were carried out on charpy impact testing
equipment. This study reveals the ability of the material to absorb energy up to failure for various
specimen configurations under different heat treated conditions and the corresponding results were
compared with the analysis outcome
Non linear analysis of Robot Gun Support Structure using Equivalent Dynamic A...IJMER
Robot guns are being increasingly employed in automotive manufacturing to replace
risky jobs and also to increase productivity. Using a single robot for a single operation proves to be
expensive. Hence for cost optimization, multiple guns are mounted on a single robot and multiple
operations are performed. Robot Gun structure is an efficient way in which multiple welds can be done
simultaneously. However mounting several weld guns on a single structure induces a variety of
dynamic loads, especially during movement of the robot arm as it maneuvers to reach the weld
locations. The primary idea employed in this paper, is to model those dynamic loads as equivalent G
force loads in FEA. This approach will be on the conservative side, and will be saving time and
subsequently cost efficient. The approach of the paper is towards creating a standard operating
procedure when it comes to analysis of such structures, with emphasis on deploying various technical
aspects of FEA such as Non Linear Geometry, Multipoint Constraint Contact Algorithm, Multizone
meshing .
Static Analysis of Go-Kart Chassis by Analytical and Solid Works SimulationIJMER
This paper aims to do modelling, simulation and performing the static analysis of a go
kart chassis consisting of Circular beams. Modelling, simulations and analysis are performed using 3-D
modelling software i.e. Solid Works and ANSYS according to the rulebook provided by Indian Society of
New Era Engineers (ISNEE) for National Go Kart Championship (NGKC-14).The maximum deflection is
determined by performing static analysis. Computed results are then compared to analytical calculation,
where it is found that the location of maximum deflection agrees well with theoretical approximation but
varies on magnitude aspect.
In récent year various vehicle introduced in market but due to limitation in
carbon émission and BS Séries limitd speed availability vehicle in the market and causing of
environnent pollution over few year There is need to decrease dependancy on fuel vehicle.
bicycle is to be modified for optional in the future To implement new technique using change in
pedal assembly and variable speed gearbox such as planetary gear optimise speed of vehicle
with variable speed ratio.To increase the efficiency of bicycle for confortable drive and to
reduce torque appli éd on bicycle. we introduced epicyclic gear box in which transmission done
throgh Chain Drive (i.e. Sprocket )to rear wheel with help of Epicyclical gear Box to give
number of différent Speed during driving.To reduce torque requirent in the cycle with change in
the pedal mechanism
Integration of Struts & Spring & Hibernate for Enterprise ApplicationsIJMER
The proposal of this paper is to present Spring Framework which is widely used in
developing enterprise applications. Considering the current state where applications are developed using
the EJB model, Spring Framework assert that ordinary java beans(POJO) can be utilize with minimal
modifications. This modular framework can be used to develop the application faster and can reduce
complexity. This paper will highlight the design overview of Spring Framework along with its features that
have made the framework useful. The integration of multiple frameworks for an E-commerce system has
also been addressed in this paper. This paper also proposes structure for a website based on integration of
Spring, Hibernate and Struts Framework.
Microcontroller Based Automatic Sprinkler Irrigation SystemIJMER
Microcontroller based Automatic Sprinkler System is a new concept of using
intelligence power of embedded technology in the sprinkler irrigation work. Designed system replaces
the conventional manual work involved in sprinkler irrigation to automatic process. Using this system a
farmer is protected against adverse inhuman weather conditions, tedious work of changing over of
sprinkler water pipe lines & risk of accident due to high pressure in the water pipe line. Overall
sprinkler irrigation work is transformed in to a comfortableautomatic work. This system provides
flexibility & accuracy in respect of time set for the operation of a sprinkler water pipe lines. In present
work the author has designed and developed an automatic sprinkler irrigation system which is
controlled and monitored by a microcontroller interfaced with solenoid valves.
On some locally closed sets and spaces in Ideal Topological SpacesIJMER
In this paper we introduce and characterize some new generalized locally closed sets
known as
δ
ˆ
s-locally closed sets and spaces are known as
δ
ˆ
s-normal space and
δ
ˆ
s-connected space and
discussed some of their properties
Intrusion Detection and Forensics based on decision tree and Association rule...IJMER
This paper present an approach based on the combination of, two techniques using
decision tree and Association rule mining for Probe attack detection. This approach proves to be
better than the traditional approach of generating rules for fuzzy expert system by clustering methods.
Association rule mining for selecting the best attributes together and decision tree for identifying the
best parameters together to create the rules for fuzzy expert system. After that rules for fuzzy expert
system are generated using association rule mining and decision trees. Decision trees is generated for
dataset and to find the basic parameters for creating the membership functions of fuzzy inference
system. Membership functions are generated for the probe attack. Based on these rules we have
created the fuzzy inference system that is used as an input to neuro-fuzzy system. Fuzzy inference
system is loaded to neuro-fuzzy toolbox as an input and the final ANFIS structure is generated for
outcome of neuro-fuzzy approach. The experiments and evaluations of the proposed method were
done with NSL-KDD intrusion detection dataset. As the experimental results, the proposed approach
based on the combination of, two techniques using decision tree and Association rule mining
efficiently detected probe attacks. Experimental results shows better results for detecting intrusions as
compared to others existing methods
Natural Language Ambiguity and its Effect on Machine LearningIJMER
"Natural language processing" here refers to the use and ability of systems to process
sentences in a natural language such as English, rather than in a specialized artificial computer
language such as C++. The systems of real interest here are digital computers of the type we think of as
personal computers and mainframes. Of course humans can process natural languages, but for us the
question is whether digital computers can or ever will process natural languages. We have tried to
explore in depth and break down the types of ambiguities persistent throughout the natural languages
and provide an answer to the question “How it affects the machine translation process and thereby
machine learning as whole?” .
Today in era of software industry there is no perfect software framework available for
analysis and software development. Currently there are enormous number of software development
process exists which can be implemented to stabilize the process of developing a software system. But no
perfect system is recognized till yet which can help software developers for opting of best software
development process. This paper present the framework of skillful system combined with Likert scale. With
the help of Likert scale we define a rule based model and delegate some mass score to every process and
develop one tool name as MuxSet which will help the software developers to select an appropriate
development process that may enhance the probability of system success.
Material Parameter and Effect of Thermal Load on Functionally Graded CylindersIJMER
The present study investigates the creep in a thick-walled composite cylinders made
up of aluminum/aluminum alloy matrix and reinforced with silicon carbide particles. The distribution
of SiCp is assumed to be either uniform or decreasing linearly from the inner to the outer radius of
the cylinder. The creep behavior of the cylinder has been described by threshold stress based creep
law with a stress exponent of 5. The composite cylinders are subjected to internal pressure which is
applied gradually and steady state condition of stress is assumed. The creep parameters required to
be used in creep law, are extracted by conducting regression analysis on the available experimental
results. The mathematical models have been developed to describe steady state creep in the composite
cylinder by using von-Mises criterion. Regression analysis is used to obtain the creep parameters
required in the study. The basic equilibrium equation of the cylinder and other constitutive equations
have been solved to obtain creep stresses in the cylinder. The effect of varying particle size, particle
content and temperature on the stresses in the composite cylinder has been analyzed. The study
revealed that the stress distributions in the cylinder do not vary significantly for various combinations
of particle size, particle content and operating temperature except for slight variation observed for
varying particle content. Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) emerged and led to the development
of superior heat resistant materials.
Energy Audit is the systematic process for finding out the energy conservation
opportunities in industrial processes. The project carried out studies on various energy conservation
measures application in areas like lighting, motors, compressors, transformer, ventilation system etc.
In this investigation, studied the technical aspects of the various measures along with its cost benefit
analysis.
Investigation found that major areas of energy conservation are-
1. Energy efficient lighting schemes.
2. Use of electronic ballast instead of copper ballast.
3. Use of wind ventilators for ventilation.
4. Use of VFD for compressor.
5. Transparent roofing sheets to reduce energy consumption.
So Energy Audit is the only perfect & analyzed way of meeting the Industrial Energy Conservation.
An Implementation of I2C Slave Interface using Verilog HDLIJMER
The focus of this paper is on implementation of Inter Integrated Circuit (I2C) protocol
following slave module for no data loss. In this paper, the principle and the operation of I2C bus protocol
will be introduced. It follows the I2C specification to provide device addressing, read/write operation and
an acknowledgement. The programmable nature of device provide users with the flexibility of configuring
the I2C slave device to any legal slave address to avoid the slave address collision on an I2C bus with
multiple slave devices. This paper demonstrates how I2C Master controller transmits and receives data to
and from the Slave with proper synchronization.
The module is designed in Verilog and simulated in ModelSim. The design is also synthesized in Xilinx
XST 14.1. This module acts as a slave for the microprocessor which can be customized for no data loss.
Discrete Model of Two Predators competing for One PreyIJMER
This paper investigates the dynamical behavior of a discrete model of one prey two
predator systems. The equilibrium points and their stability are analyzed. Time series plots are obtained
for different sets of parameter values. Also bifurcation diagrams are plotted to show dynamical behavior
of the system in selected range of growth parameter
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Improving Distribution Feeders for Photovoltaic Generation by Loop Power Control Method
1. International
OPEN ACCESS Journal
Of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 | www.ijmer.com | Vol. 4 | Iss. 2 | Feb. 2014 | 29 |
Improving Distribution Feeders for Photovoltaic Generation by
Loop Power Control Method
Husam Saad Abdulla1
, Surya Prakashline2
1
(Libyan Electricity Ministry/ University SHIATS, India)
2
(Electrical Engineering Department, SHIATS, India
I. Introduction
Renewable energy resources such as wind turbines, hydrogen turbines and photovoltaic arrays are
environmental friendly. This type of generations rapidly increasing around the world because they can increasing
the demand of electric power and to decrease the green house gases. Penetration of wind power generation and
PV power generation into distribution systems is expected to increase dramatically, which raises concerns about
system impact by the intermittent power generation of DG [1]–[3]. Compared to large-scale wind power and
conventional bulk generation, the generation cost of a PV system is relatively higher However, many countries
offer significant financial subsidies to encourage customers to install PV systems. To achieve the goal of 1000
MW PV installed capacity by 2025, the Taiwan government has launched a promotion program to subsidize
50% of the PV installation cost and has increased the selling price of PV generation to 40¢/kWh [4].
Considerable efforts have been proposed in the previous works to solve the loading balance of distribution
systems. The distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) was considered for compensation of loading
unbalance caused by stochastic load demand in distribution systems [6]. The control algorithm for static var
compensation (SVC) has been developed for loading balance at any given power factor [7]. Fuzzy multi
objective and Tabu search have been used to optimize the on/off patterns of tie switches and sectionalizing
switches to achieve feeder loading balance in distribution systems with distributed generators [8]. A heuristic-
expert system approach for network reconfiguration to enhance current balance among distribution feeders was
presented by Reddy and Sydulu [9]. A Petri-Net algorithm has also been proposed for loading balance of
distribution systems with open loop configuration by identifying open-tie switches [10]. For the distribution
system with large capacity of PV installation, the feeder loading will be varied dramatically because the power
injection by PV generation is varied with the intensity of solar radiation. The load transfer between feeders with
an open-tie switch must be adaptively adjusted according to PV power generation. Due to the intermittent power
generation by PV systems, it becomes very difficult to achieve loading balance with conventional network
reconfiguration methods by changing the status of line switches. With the advancement of power electronics, the
back-to-back (BTB) converters can be applied to replace the open-tie switch for better control of real power and
reactive power load transfer by changing the voltage ratio and phase shift between two feeders according to the
power unbalance at any time instant [11]. For the distribution system with high penetration of renewable energy
sources, voltage profiles and loading balance have to be enhanced by improving the power exchange capability
between feeders. This study pro- poses a loop power controller (LPC) [12], [13] to replace the conventional
open-tie switch so that loading balance of distribution feeders can be obtained by power flow control in a more
active manner. A transformer less converter with snubberless insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is applied
to the proposed LPC using an active-gate-control (AGC) scheme. The AGC scheme can balance the collector
ABSTRACT: Now a day’s solar power plants are more reliable, because no fuel and reduced CO2
emission. But the solar power generation system do not work in all weather conditions, it is power
generated only solar radiation time .To overcome this problem by using (pv)). In fuel cell power
generation there will be no problems, where as in fuel cell power distribution systems have some problems
like overloading the distribution feeders. In this project to overcome this overloading by using Loop
Power Controller (LPC).The loop power controller to control real power and reactive power flow by
adjusting voltage ratio and phase shift. Daily loading unbalance is determined by analyzing (pv) power
generation recording by using SCADA system and load profile based on Data Automation System
(DAS).The loop power controller can improve controllability, operational flexibility and reduce power
loss of the distribution system. The Loop Power Controller (LPC) is based on the MATLAB/ SIMULINK.
Keywords: Power, Distribution Grid, solar power, Loop Power Controller.
2. Improving Distribution Feeders for Photovoltaic Generation By Loop Power Control Method
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 | www.ijmer.com | Vol. 4 | Iss. 2 | Feb. 2014 | 30 |
voltage of IGBTs connected in series and allow the converter to connect directly to distribution feeders with a
high enough AC voltage output [14]. Additionally ,LPC canreduce the voltage fluctuation and system power loss
by enhancing reactive power compensation. In this paper, the three-phase balanced flow condition is assumed for
both distribution feeders to perform the load transfer by LPC. The design of the LPC control strategy must
consider intermittent power injection by PV generation and varying feeder loading so that the loading unbalance
and system power loss can be minimized in each study hour. This paper is organized as follows. First, Section II
introduces the distribution automation system with a loop power controller. Section III presents the feeder
loading balance simulation and LPC control algorithm. In Section IV, the impact of the PV system on feeder
loading balance and loss reduction of the distribution system is investigated. Finally, Section V gives
conclusions.
II. Loop Power Controller In Distribution Automation System
The distribution automation system (DAS) as shown in fig .1 its take to reference from taipower
station. The DAS consists master station (MS) with software application, remote terminal unit (RTU) and feeder
terminal unit (FTU) in substation. The distribution feeders are connected as open loop configuration with one of
the automatic line switches selected the open tie switch. In open loop configuration feeder having circuit breaker,
when fault occurs in feeder the circuit breaker will be trips, the over current fault flags of all upstream FTUs are
set due to large fault currents, after the all fault flags are received in master station. The master station sends
command to open all line switches by using the open tie switches around the faulted location, after clearing the
faults the feeder has to be recloses.
In DAS fault restoration effectively in taipower, but balance of loading is difficult in distribution system
because the switching operation is required too frequently, to overcome the problem we are proposing the LPC,
it is applied to replace open tie switch by adaptive power flow control for load transfer. The advantages of LPC
in distribution feeder pair, 1) reduce the voltage fluctuations with fast compensate the reactive power. 2) The
real power an reactive power is controlled. 3) In the distribution system controllability operation flexibility is
improved. 4) Reduced power system losses with improved load balance of distribution system.
Fig .1: Distribution automation system with a loop power controller
III. Control Model of Loop Power Controller
To derive the voltage ratio and phase shift of LPC for the control of load transfer, the equivalent circuit
model of LPC is proposed by considering the branch impedances of distribution feeders for the simulation of
feeder loading balance. Fig. 2 shows the overall process to derive the LPC control algorithm to enhance loading
balance of distribution feeders.
3. Improving Distribution Feeders for Photovoltaic Generation By Loop Power Control Method
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 | www.ijmer.com | Vol. 4 | Iss. 2 | Feb. 2014 | 31 |
Fig2: Flowchart of LPC control algorithm.
A. simulation of feeder loading balance
In this study, the LPC is considered as the combination of tap changer and phase shifter with a circuit
model as shown in Fig. 3. By adjusting the voltage ratio and phase shift between both sides of the LPC according
to the branch impedance and loading unbalance of distribution feeders, the real and reactive power flows through
the LPC can be controlled to achieve the loading balance. The equivalent circuit model can be represented as an
ideal transformer with turn ratio of 1:nejØ
and a series admittance y.
Fig3: Circuit model of loop power controller.
The mathematical model of LPC can be illustrated in (1) to represent the relationship between the node
injection currents and voltages:
…….(1)
where
To simplify the process to determine the voltage ratio and phase shift of LPC, this paper proposes a
modified equivalent circuit with dependent currents source and as shown in Fig. 4. Here, the dependent current
sources are revised according to the adjustments of turn ratio and phase shift during the iteration process. To
derive the injection currents due to the change of voltage ratio by LPC, the node currents are represented by
assuming zero phase shifts as follows:
4. Improving Distribution Feeders for Photovoltaic Generation By Loop Power Control Method
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 | www.ijmer.com | Vol. 4 | Iss. 2 | Feb. 2014 | 32 |
Fig4: Modified equivalent circuit model of LPC.
………(2)
……….(3)
The equivalent injection currents are solved as
…………..(4)
…………..(5)
To derive the injection current due to the change of phase shift by LPC, the node currents are represented by
assuming a fixed voltage ratio of 1.0 as follows:
………….(6)
…………(7)
The equivalent injection currents are solved as
………….(8)
…………..(9)
Therefore, the equivalent currents due to the change of both voltage ratio and phase shift by LPC in Fig. 4 are
determined as follows:
………….(10)
………….(11)
..........(12)
By this way, the network impedance matrix remains unchanged during the iteration process to solve the voltage
ration and phase shift of LPC.
B. loop power control Algorithm
To illustrate the proposed control algorithm for LPC to achieve feeder loading balance, consider the
two sample radial feeders connected with an LPC in Fig. 5. The desired real and reactive power flows through
the LPC for feeder loading balance are defined as
Fig. 5: Incremental circuit model of distribution feeders with LPC.
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………….(13)
If the branch impedances of Feeder 1 and Feeder 2 are (R1, X1) and (R2, X2) , respectively, the total impedance
of two feeders is defined as
………….(14)
Fig. 6: Taipower distribution feeders for computer simulation.
In order to perform the LPC control strategy to have the proper load transfer between both feeders for
loading balance, the terminal voltage VL1 at the primary side of LPC is assumed to have a fixed value of 1.0∟0°.
The terminal voltage at the secondary side of LPC is derived in (4.15):
………..(15)
The incremental terminal voltage V and phase shift Ø are therefore calculated as follows:
………..(16)
…………(17)
IV. Loading Balance and Loss Analysis Using LPC In and Distribution Feeder
With the variation of customer loading profiles and the intermittent generation of PV systems, an
adaptive LPC control algorithm is derived to adjust the voltage ratio and phase shift between both feeders
according to the feeder loading and PV generation for each study hour. To illustrate the effectiveness of LPC for
system loading balance, an LPC is assumed to be installed to replace the open-tie switch between Feeders.
Fig.7:Balancing The Load Of Power Profile Of Feeder 1and 2 Without Photovoltaic System
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Fig 8: Balancing the Load of Both Feeders with the Control of LPC (W/O Photovoltaic System
Fig 9: Voltage Ratio for power transfer With the Control of LPC (W/O The PV System)
Fig 10: phase shift with the control of LPC (W/O The PV System).
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after execution the real power and reactive power load profile of two feeders without PV system power as show
in fig .8 , the distribution feeders to achieve the load balance using LPC only , the real power and reactive power
difference between feeder MF65 and MU67 to be reduced from 1864KW/1715KVAR to 170KW/71KV after
connecting LPC for power flow control. and the voltage ratio and phase shift also show in fig.9 and fig 10
respectively after connecting LPC.
V. Loading Balance When Using Both PV & LPC
Fig 11: power profiles of feeder MF65 and MU67 for both PV&LPC.
Fig 12: Loading balance of both feeders with the control of LPC & PV.
Fig13: Voltage ratio with the control of LPC & PV.
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Fig 14: phase shift with control of LPC&PV.
Power load profile of two feeder after using both LPC and PV system as show in fig.11 and fig 12 it shows the
real and reactive power after using the LPC and PV system, the differences of real and reactive power between
feeders MF65and MU67 have been reduced from 1689KW/1589KVAR after implementing LPC and PV system
and both of fig13 and fig14 as show voltage ratio and phase shift.
Distribution Feeder Loss Analysis
To investigate the effectiveness of LPC for the reduction of system power loss by loading balance, a
three-phase power flow analysis is performed for both feeders MF65 and MU67 by considering the daily feeder
power loading profiles before and after loading balance. Also, the loss incurred in LPC is assumed to be 1% of
the power transfer by the LPC which has been included in the system loss analysis for each study hour. For the
test distribution system with PV system, Fig. 15 shows the system power loss as percentages of feeder loading.
Without applying the LPC for loading balance, the feeder power loss varies from 1.2% of the feeder loading
during the light load period to 3.3% during the peak load period. The power loss over the daily period is reduced
from 3457 kWh (2.8%) to 2970 kWh (2.3%) after loading balance by LPC. The system power loss reduction has
therefore been obtained after implementing the LPC for loading balance.
Fig 15: Percentage of system power loss with PV system (wo LPC).
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Fig 16: percentage of system power loss applying the LPC&PV.
VI. Conclusions
This study evaluates a power electronics-based loop power controller to replace the open-tie switch for
the control of real power and reactive power transfer between distribution feeders to achieve loading balance of
distribution system. The voltage ratio and phase shift adjusted by LPC are derived according to mismatches of
real power and reactive power loadings between test feeders for each study hour. To demonstrate the
effectiveness of LPC for the enhancement of loading balance, a Taipower distribution system consisting of two
feeders with a large-scale PV system has been selected for computer simulation. The power loadings of the study
feeders and the PV power generation have been recorded. By applying the control algorithm of LPC to adjust the
voltage ratio and phase shift between both feeders, the proper amount of real power and reactive power can be
transferred from the heavily loading feeder to the lightly loading feeder for each study hour. According to the
computer simulation, it is concluded that the loading balance of distribution systems with intermittent PV power
generation can be obtained effectively by the implementation of LPC to achieve adaptive control of load transfer
between distribution feeders. The power loss reduction of test feeders after loading balance by LPC has also
been derived in this paper.
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Husam Saad Abdulla ,1981,Libya,Sebha, Master of Technology in Electrical Engineering
(Power System ) , SHIATS, Allahabad , UP,India
Dr. Surya Prakash Belongs to Allahabad, DOB is 01.05.1971, Received his Bachelor of
Engineering degree from The Institution of Engineers (India) in 2003, He obtained his
M.Tech. In Electrical Engg. (Power System) from KNIT, Sultanpur. UP-India in 2009.
Presently he is Pursuing Ph. D in Electrical Engg. (Power System). SSET, SHIATS
(Formerly Allahabad Agriculture Institute, Allahabad-India). His field of interest includes
power system operation & control, Artificial Intelligent control.