Modern power utilities have to respond to a number of challenges such as growth of electricity demand specially in non-linear loads in power grids, consequently, That higher power quality should be considered. In this paper, DPFC which is similar to unified power flow controller (UPFC) in structure, which is used to mitigate the voltage sag and swell as a power quality issue. Unlike UPFC, the common dc-link in DPFC, between the shunt and series converter devices should be eliminated and three-phase series converter is divided to several single-phase series distributed converters through the power transmission line. And also to detect the voltage sags and find out the three single-phase reference voltages of DPFC, the synchronous reference frame method is proposed. Application of DPFC in power quality enhancement is simulated in Mat lab/Simulink environment which show the effectiveness of the proposed structure
This paper presents an analysis of virtual-flux direct power control (VFDPC) technique for the three-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) ac-dc converter. The proposed VFDPC is developed by assuming the grid voltage and converter line filters quantities are related to a virtual three-phase ac motor. The controller works with less number of sensors by eliminating the voltage sensors used for measuring the three-phase grid voltage. The grid virtual flux which is proportional to the grid voltage will be estimated from the information of converter switching states, line current, and dc-link output voltage. Several analyses are performed in order to study the steady state and dynamic performance of the converter, particularly during the load and DC voltage output reference variations. The proportional integral (PI) controller at the outer voltage control loop of VFDPC is tuned properly and the entire PWM ac-dc converter system is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink to ensure the dc output voltage follow the desired output voltage under steady state and dynamic conditions. Ac-dc converter utilizing the proposed VFDPC is able to generate three-phase input current waveforms that are almost sinusoidal with low harmonics contents which is less than 5% and near unity power factor (pf) operation.
Active Power Exchange in Distributed Power-Flow Controller (DPFC) At Third Ha...IJERD Editor
This paper presents a component within the flexible ac-transmission system (FACTS) family, called
distributed power-flow controller (DPFC). The DPFC is derived from the unified power-flow controller (UPFC)
with an eliminated common dc link. The DPFC has the same control capabilities as the UPFC, which comprise
the adjustment of the line impedance, the transmission angle, and the bus voltage. The active power exchange
between the shunt and series converters, which is through the common dc link in the UPFC, is now through the
transmission lines at the third-harmonic frequency. DPFC multiple small-size single-phase converters which
reduces the cost of equipment, no voltage isolation between phases, increases redundancy and there by
reliability increases. The principle and analysis of the DPFC are presented in this paper and the corresponding
simulation results that are carried out on a scaled prototype are also shown.
Dynamic Power Factor Correction in a Non Linear Environmentiosrjce
Electric power quality mainly refers to maintaining a near sinusoidal power distribution bus voltage
at rated magnitude and frequency. In modern electric power supply distribution systems, there is a sharp rise in
use of both single phase and three-phase non-linear loads and due to these non-linear loads, non-sinusoidal
unbalanced current is drawn from ac mains resulting in harmonic injection, burden of reactive power, more
neutral currents and unbalanced loading of ac mains. In this paper the simulation of ideal shunt active power
filter is carried out to eliminate harmonics and also improving the power factor for three-phase, three-wire
system. In addition to this, simulation of shunt APF for three-phase, three-wire distribution system using time
domain p-q theory has been carried out to eliminate harmonics. Also an attempt is made to find out various
power quality problems and among these problems most prominent and frequently occurring problem
harmonics is analyzed and its causes, effects and mitigating or improving techniques are explained in detail. A
case study using ideal shunt AF and Shunt AF using p-q theory is also carried out in this paper.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
This document summarizes a research paper that presents a design for a Unified Power Quality Conditioner connected to a three-phase four-wire distribution system to mitigate various power quality issues like voltage sag/swell, harmonics, and neutral current under different load conditions. A new control strategy is proposed based on extending single-phase instantaneous active and reactive power theory to the three-phase system to compensate for current imbalance. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink validate the UPQC's ability to mitigate issues and maintain a balanced source current under both linear and non-linear, balanced and unbalanced load conditions.
Hearing loss is one of the most common human impairments. It is estimated that by year 2015 more
than 700 million people will suffer mild deafness. Most can be helped by hearing aid devices depending on the
severity of their hearing loss. This paper describes the implementation and characterization details of a dual
channel transmitter front end (TFE) for digital hearing aid (DHA) applications that use novel micro
electromechanical- systems (MEMS) audio transducers and ultra-low power-scalable analog-to-digital
converters (ADCs), which enable a very-low form factor, energy-efficient implementation for next-generation
DHA. The contribution of the design is the implementation of the dual channel MEMS microphones and powerscalable
ADC system.
Power Factor Improvement in Distribution System using DSTATCOM Based on Unit ...RSIS International
Power factor plays important role in the function of
the power system network. Hence, the power factor
improvement will increase the performance of power system
equipments. This paper presents the design and implementation
of distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) with the stardelta
transformer for improvement of the power factor in threephase
four wire distribution system in the presence of threephase
linear load in the events of single phase, two-phase and
three phase trippings. The unit vector template method based
control algorithm has been implemented for the control of the
proposed DSTATCOM. The proposed test model has been
simulated in SIMULINK/MATLAB environment. The
simulations results show the effectiveness of proposed algorithm
Mitigation of Voltage Sag for Power Quality Improvement Using DPFC SystemIJMTST Journal
A new control scheme to improve and maintain the power quality of an electrical power system by design of distributed power flow controller. Generally, In case of modern power utilities have problems like challenges in growth of electricity in case of non-linear loads in grid connected systems. In this paper, we introduced a new FACTS method i.e. distributed power flow controller which is similar to other series-shunt controller types. This DPFC method is also used like UPFC to mitigate voltage sag and swell as a power quality issue. In DPFC, we eliminate the common dc link capacitor and instead of single three phase series converter it has three individual single phase converters. In this paper the control circuit is designed by using series referral voltages, branch currents. The evaluated values are obtained by using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
This document discusses the parameters and efficiency calculation of a 750kV transmission line that is 500km long and handling 2000MW of capacitive load, using MATLAB programming. It provides the line parameters such as resistance, inductance, capacitance and efficiency both with and without shunt compensation. The results show that the power transfer capability and voltage profile are improved with a shunt compensating device. Key parameters like sending end voltage and current, receiving end current, line losses, and efficiency are calculated both with and without compensation.
This paper presents an analysis of virtual-flux direct power control (VFDPC) technique for the three-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) ac-dc converter. The proposed VFDPC is developed by assuming the grid voltage and converter line filters quantities are related to a virtual three-phase ac motor. The controller works with less number of sensors by eliminating the voltage sensors used for measuring the three-phase grid voltage. The grid virtual flux which is proportional to the grid voltage will be estimated from the information of converter switching states, line current, and dc-link output voltage. Several analyses are performed in order to study the steady state and dynamic performance of the converter, particularly during the load and DC voltage output reference variations. The proportional integral (PI) controller at the outer voltage control loop of VFDPC is tuned properly and the entire PWM ac-dc converter system is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink to ensure the dc output voltage follow the desired output voltage under steady state and dynamic conditions. Ac-dc converter utilizing the proposed VFDPC is able to generate three-phase input current waveforms that are almost sinusoidal with low harmonics contents which is less than 5% and near unity power factor (pf) operation.
Active Power Exchange in Distributed Power-Flow Controller (DPFC) At Third Ha...IJERD Editor
This paper presents a component within the flexible ac-transmission system (FACTS) family, called
distributed power-flow controller (DPFC). The DPFC is derived from the unified power-flow controller (UPFC)
with an eliminated common dc link. The DPFC has the same control capabilities as the UPFC, which comprise
the adjustment of the line impedance, the transmission angle, and the bus voltage. The active power exchange
between the shunt and series converters, which is through the common dc link in the UPFC, is now through the
transmission lines at the third-harmonic frequency. DPFC multiple small-size single-phase converters which
reduces the cost of equipment, no voltage isolation between phases, increases redundancy and there by
reliability increases. The principle and analysis of the DPFC are presented in this paper and the corresponding
simulation results that are carried out on a scaled prototype are also shown.
Dynamic Power Factor Correction in a Non Linear Environmentiosrjce
Electric power quality mainly refers to maintaining a near sinusoidal power distribution bus voltage
at rated magnitude and frequency. In modern electric power supply distribution systems, there is a sharp rise in
use of both single phase and three-phase non-linear loads and due to these non-linear loads, non-sinusoidal
unbalanced current is drawn from ac mains resulting in harmonic injection, burden of reactive power, more
neutral currents and unbalanced loading of ac mains. In this paper the simulation of ideal shunt active power
filter is carried out to eliminate harmonics and also improving the power factor for three-phase, three-wire
system. In addition to this, simulation of shunt APF for three-phase, three-wire distribution system using time
domain p-q theory has been carried out to eliminate harmonics. Also an attempt is made to find out various
power quality problems and among these problems most prominent and frequently occurring problem
harmonics is analyzed and its causes, effects and mitigating or improving techniques are explained in detail. A
case study using ideal shunt AF and Shunt AF using p-q theory is also carried out in this paper.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
This document summarizes a research paper that presents a design for a Unified Power Quality Conditioner connected to a three-phase four-wire distribution system to mitigate various power quality issues like voltage sag/swell, harmonics, and neutral current under different load conditions. A new control strategy is proposed based on extending single-phase instantaneous active and reactive power theory to the three-phase system to compensate for current imbalance. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink validate the UPQC's ability to mitigate issues and maintain a balanced source current under both linear and non-linear, balanced and unbalanced load conditions.
Hearing loss is one of the most common human impairments. It is estimated that by year 2015 more
than 700 million people will suffer mild deafness. Most can be helped by hearing aid devices depending on the
severity of their hearing loss. This paper describes the implementation and characterization details of a dual
channel transmitter front end (TFE) for digital hearing aid (DHA) applications that use novel micro
electromechanical- systems (MEMS) audio transducers and ultra-low power-scalable analog-to-digital
converters (ADCs), which enable a very-low form factor, energy-efficient implementation for next-generation
DHA. The contribution of the design is the implementation of the dual channel MEMS microphones and powerscalable
ADC system.
Power Factor Improvement in Distribution System using DSTATCOM Based on Unit ...RSIS International
Power factor plays important role in the function of
the power system network. Hence, the power factor
improvement will increase the performance of power system
equipments. This paper presents the design and implementation
of distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) with the stardelta
transformer for improvement of the power factor in threephase
four wire distribution system in the presence of threephase
linear load in the events of single phase, two-phase and
three phase trippings. The unit vector template method based
control algorithm has been implemented for the control of the
proposed DSTATCOM. The proposed test model has been
simulated in SIMULINK/MATLAB environment. The
simulations results show the effectiveness of proposed algorithm
Mitigation of Voltage Sag for Power Quality Improvement Using DPFC SystemIJMTST Journal
A new control scheme to improve and maintain the power quality of an electrical power system by design of distributed power flow controller. Generally, In case of modern power utilities have problems like challenges in growth of electricity in case of non-linear loads in grid connected systems. In this paper, we introduced a new FACTS method i.e. distributed power flow controller which is similar to other series-shunt controller types. This DPFC method is also used like UPFC to mitigate voltage sag and swell as a power quality issue. In DPFC, we eliminate the common dc link capacitor and instead of single three phase series converter it has three individual single phase converters. In this paper the control circuit is designed by using series referral voltages, branch currents. The evaluated values are obtained by using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
This document discusses the parameters and efficiency calculation of a 750kV transmission line that is 500km long and handling 2000MW of capacitive load, using MATLAB programming. It provides the line parameters such as resistance, inductance, capacitance and efficiency both with and without shunt compensation. The results show that the power transfer capability and voltage profile are improved with a shunt compensating device. Key parameters like sending end voltage and current, receiving end current, line losses, and efficiency are calculated both with and without compensation.
The document presents a simple algorithm for distribution system load flow analysis that can accommodate distributed generation. It begins by outlining the objectives, motivation and special features of distribution networks that require modified load flow analysis. It then describes the proposed forward-backward sweep method and models for loads and distributed generation. The algorithm is tested on three test systems and results show reductions in losses and improved voltage profiles with distributed generation integrated using the proposed method and models.
POWER STABILITY ANALYSIS OF A TRANSMISSION SYSTEM WITH A UNIFIED POWER FLOW C...IJITE
The unified power quality conditioner is the equipment used for regulated voltage distortion and voltage
unbalance in a power system. UPFC can enhance the power to flow through the transmission system by
controlling the power flow and voltage stability of the transmission line within their limits. This paper
presents a control scheme and Theoretical derivation of the unified power flow conditioner and the
simulation results are compared and contrasted in detail. UPFC is a combination of shunt Active and
series active power filters. UPFC contains a DC link capacitor in a single-phase voltage source inverter
with two back to back connected, three-phase three-wire and three-phase four-wire are arranged. The
fundamental target of this work is to determine the causes and impacts of power quality problems,
specifically voltage sag, voltage swell, power factor, and Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) and enhance
the power quality of a transmission system by UPFC based Transformative Intrinsic Algorithm (TIA). The
Simulation of the proposed method is developed by Mat lab Simulink software, and the simulation result
shows, the proposed method gives better solutions to control the power imbalance in the distribution
system with its cost-effectiveness.
An Optimal Power Flow (OPF) Method withImproved Voltage Stability AnalysisNiraj Solanki
This document discusses an optimal power flow method with improved voltage stability analysis. It introduces voltage stability and instability concepts. It then describes a voltage stability indicator L derived from fundamental circuit laws that can predict proximity to voltage collapse. The document outlines the formulation of an optimal power flow problem to minimize generation costs and indicator L. It applies this method to the 9-bus WSCC test system in MATLAB and concludes the indicator can accurately predict voltage stability problems and vulnerable locations.
This document describes a study of load frequency control (LFC) for a three area power system with time delays using PI and fuzzy logic controllers. The system consists of two areas connected by HVDC transmission links and one area connected to the other by an AC tie line. Models are presented for the generating units, interconnected system, and tie line power flow. The goal is to minimize transient frequency deviations and steady state errors in each area caused by load changes using the different controllers while accounting for time delays in the system.
Pe 2010 25-10-a facts device distributed power flow controllerSudeepthg Sudeepth
The document describes a new type of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device called the Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC). The DPFC is derived from the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) by eliminating the common DC link between converters and distributing multiple single-phase series converters along the transmission line. This allows active power exchange between converters through the line using third harmonic frequencies instead of a DC link. The DPFC has the same control capabilities as the UPFC but offers improved reliability due to redundancy of series converters and lower cost due to smaller, isolated converters without high voltage insulation requirements. Experimental results from a scaled DPFC prototype are also presented.
Enhancement for Power Quality in Distribution Side Using Custom Power DevicesIOSR Journals
1) The document discusses enhancing power quality in distribution systems using custom power devices like the Interline Unified Power Quality Conditioner (IUPQC).
2) It proposes using a Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) control algorithm with a modified Phase Locked Loop (PLL) for generating gate signals to improve the IUPQC's performance under distorted voltage conditions.
3) The SRF method transforms voltage and current signals into rotating dq coordinates to extract fundamental frequency components, while the modified PLL improves determination of positive sequence system voltages for better filtering.
Harmonic analysis and Power factor improvement with UPQC under two Novel cont...IJERA Editor
This paper presents unified power quality conditioner (UPQC)for power quality improvements in terms of
harmonics compensation and power factor correction in a three-phase four-wire distribution system.The UPQC
is implemented with PWM controlled voltage source converter (VSC) and switching patterns are generated
through Indirect PI and Synchronous Reference Frame controller. The selected topology for voltage source
converter is the three-leg and six-leg VSC for Indirect PI and Synchronous reference frame (SRF) control
strategies respectively. The behavior of UPQC has been analyzed by considering a case study with switching of
three phase half bridge diode rectifier and a parallel star connected unbalanced R-L loads. Harmonic spectrum
of the source current and load voltage are compared in between without UPQC and with UPQC by considering
both control strategies. The complete system has been modeled using MATLAB software with its stimulus’s
sim power system toolboxes.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
This document summarizes a research paper about simulating a distributed power-flow controller (DPFC). The DPFC is derived from the unified power-flow controller (UPFC) but eliminates the common DC link. It allows active power exchange between series and shunt converters through the transmission line at the third-harmonic frequency instead of through a DC link. Detailed simulations are conducted on a two-machine system to analyze the DPFC's control capabilities and effects on power transfer and system reliability. The document outlines the DPFC topology, operating principle of active power exchange without a DC link using non-sinusoidal power theory, and use of the third-harmonic frequency for this exchange due to its zero-sequence properties.
Application of Backstepping to the Virtual Flux Direct Power Control of Five-...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper proposes a virtual flux direct power control-space vector modulation combined with backstepping control for three-phase five-level neutral point clamped shunt active power filter. The main goal of the proposed active filtering system is to eliminate the unwanted harmonics and compensate fundamental reactive power drawn from the nonlinear loads. In this study, the voltage-balancing control of four split dc capacitors of the five-level active filter is achieved using five-level space vector modulation with balancing strategy based on the effective use of the redundant switching states of the inverter voltage vectors. The obtained results showed that, the proposed multilevel shunt active power filter with backstepping control can produce a sinusoidal supply current with low harmonic distortion and in phase with the line voltage.
A NOVEL TCHNOLOGY FOR HARMONICS AND UNBALANCE COMPENSATION IN ELECTRIC TRACTI...ijiert bestjournal
Power quality problems in power systems have been i mproved due to nonlinear loads. To compensate these problems Direct Power Compensator was proposed in this paper. A Direct Power Compensator (DPC) is proposed in this paper to elim inate the harmonic currents,compensate power factor and voltage unbalance problems created by th e nonlinear loads present in three phase systems. A DPC contains back to back converter by sharing th e same dc link power and v/v transformer to provide a voltage balance in transmission line. Hys teresis harmonic current regulator is used to produce pulse for back to back converter. A control ler maintains the dc-link voltage and compensates the power factor,harmonic currents. A comparative analysis for traction system with and without DPC was performed using MATLAB Simulink . Simulation results show the controller advantages and the applicability of the proposed me thod in railway systems.
The document describes a proposed 127-level hybrid multilevel inverter topology. Multilevel inverters are useful for medium-voltage high-power applications as they can generate stepped voltage waveforms to reduce harmonic distortion. The proposed topology uses a bypass diode technique and H-bridge configuration to produce 31 voltage levels with only 8 switches and 4 diodes, reducing components compared to other multilevel inverter topologies. The performance of the 31-level inverter is studied using MATLAB/Simulink simulation. A 1 kW hardware prototype is developed to experimentally verify the concept. The proposed topology aims to reduce switching losses and total harmonic distortion in the output waveform.
The study made in this paper concerns the use of the voltage-oriented control (VOC) of three-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) rectifier with constant switching frequency. This control method, called voltage-oriented controlwith space vector modulation (VOC-SVM). The proposed control scheme has been founded on the transformation between stationary (α-β) and and synchronously rotating (d-q) coordinate system, it is based on two cascaded control loops so that a fast inner loop controls the grid current and an external loop DC-link voltage, while the DC-bus voltage is maintained at the desired level and ansured the unity power factor operation. So, the stable state performance and robustness against the load’s disturbance of PWM rectifiers are boths improved. The proposed scheme has been implemented and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The control system of the VOC-SVM strategy has been built based on dSPACE system with DS1104 controller board. The results obtained show the validity of the model and its control method. Compared with the conventional SPWM method, the VOC-SVM ensures high performance and fast transient response.
Design and Simulation of Power Factor Correction Boost Converter using Hyster...ijtsrd
Nowadays various power converters like AC DC or DC DC are widely used due to their flexible output voltage and high efficiency. But these converters take the current in the form of pulses from the utility grid so that the high Total Harmonic Distortion THD and poor Power Factor PF are the major disadvantages of these converters. Hence there is a continuous need for PF improvement and reduction of line current harmonics. The most popular topology for Active Power Factor Correction APFC is a boost converter as it draws continuous input current. This input current can be manipulated by Hysteresis control technique. The boost converter can perform this type of active power factor correction in many discontinuous and continuous modes. The design and simulation of boost converter with power factor correction in continuous conduction mode is represented by using MATLAB SIMULINK software. Yu Yu Khin | Yan Aung Oo "Design and Simulation of Power Factor Correction Boost Converter using Hysteresis Control" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27905.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/27905/design-and-simulation-of-power-factor-correction-boost-converter-using-hysteresis-control/yu-yu-khin
An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC) in...IAES-IJPEDS
A well-prepared abstract enables the reader to identify the basic content of a document quickly and accurately, to determine its relevance to their interests, and thus to decide whether to read the document in its entirety. The Abstract should be informative and completely self-explanatory, provide a clear statement of the problem, the proposed approach or solution, and point out major findings and conclusions. The Abstract should be 100 to 200 words in length. The abstract should be written in the past tense. Standard nomenclature should be used and abbreviations should be avoided. No literature should be cited. The keyword list provides the opportunity to add keywords, used by the indexing and abstracting services, in addition to those already present in the title. Judicious use of keywords may increase the ease with which interested parties can locate our article.
Mitigation Unbalance Nonlinear Loads and Dissimilar Line Currents Using Shunt...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This document presents a new control method for a shunt active power filter (SAPF) to compensate for unbalanced nonlinear loads and dissimilar line currents. The proposed control method uses both dq-theory and instantaneous p-q power theory to calculate reference currents. Fuzzy logic control is also used to optimize the SAPF performance. Simulation results show the controller is effective at mitigating harmonic distortion, compensating load asymmetry, and eliminating negative and zero sequence currents. The total harmonic distortion of the line currents is reduced from 29.8% to 4.1% with this control approach.
Power factor correction using bridgeless boost topologyDHEERAJ DHAKAR
This document summarizes research on using a bridgeless boost topology for power factor correction. It begins by introducing power factor and the issues caused by low power factor systems. It then discusses conventional boost converter topologies used for power factor correction and the benefits of a bridgeless boost topology. The document presents simulations comparing the performance of a conventional boost converter to a bridgeless boost converter for power factor correction. It finds that the bridgeless topology achieves higher efficiency power factor correction.
1) Jefté foi expulso por ser filho de uma prostituta.
2) Sansão não podia beber vinho ou bebida forte devido ao seu voto de nazireu.
3) O levita dividiu o cadáver da concubina em 12 partes depois que ela foi estuprada até a morte.
Winrar es un programa gratuito para comprimir y descomprimir archivos. Se puede descargar la versión crackeada de Winrar desde un enlace proporcionado. Una vez descargado, se instala haciendo doble clic en el archivo de instalación. Winrar permite comprimir archivos de forma rápida haciendo clic derecho y seleccionando "Añadir a archivo..." o "Añadir a *.rar", y descomprimir archivos seleccionando "Extraer archivos...".
O documento contém 7 perguntas sobre leis e festividades descritas no Livro de Levítico, com respostas relacionadas a onde pessoas com lepra deveriam viver, como o povo deveria se comportar no Dia da Expiação, quais relações sexuais eram permitidas, os requisitos para esposa do sumo-sacerdote, quais são as festas fixas do Senhor, a que requisito estavam ligadas as bênçãos e maldições, e qual tribo não foi contada para a guerra.
1) Deus escreveu as mesmas palavras nas segundas tábuas que havia escrito nas primeiras.
2) Os israelitas tinham que pagar resgate em prata a partir dos 20 anos de idade.
3) A mitra não pertencia ao vestuário sacerdotal.
The document presents a simple algorithm for distribution system load flow analysis that can accommodate distributed generation. It begins by outlining the objectives, motivation and special features of distribution networks that require modified load flow analysis. It then describes the proposed forward-backward sweep method and models for loads and distributed generation. The algorithm is tested on three test systems and results show reductions in losses and improved voltage profiles with distributed generation integrated using the proposed method and models.
POWER STABILITY ANALYSIS OF A TRANSMISSION SYSTEM WITH A UNIFIED POWER FLOW C...IJITE
The unified power quality conditioner is the equipment used for regulated voltage distortion and voltage
unbalance in a power system. UPFC can enhance the power to flow through the transmission system by
controlling the power flow and voltage stability of the transmission line within their limits. This paper
presents a control scheme and Theoretical derivation of the unified power flow conditioner and the
simulation results are compared and contrasted in detail. UPFC is a combination of shunt Active and
series active power filters. UPFC contains a DC link capacitor in a single-phase voltage source inverter
with two back to back connected, three-phase three-wire and three-phase four-wire are arranged. The
fundamental target of this work is to determine the causes and impacts of power quality problems,
specifically voltage sag, voltage swell, power factor, and Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) and enhance
the power quality of a transmission system by UPFC based Transformative Intrinsic Algorithm (TIA). The
Simulation of the proposed method is developed by Mat lab Simulink software, and the simulation result
shows, the proposed method gives better solutions to control the power imbalance in the distribution
system with its cost-effectiveness.
An Optimal Power Flow (OPF) Method withImproved Voltage Stability AnalysisNiraj Solanki
This document discusses an optimal power flow method with improved voltage stability analysis. It introduces voltage stability and instability concepts. It then describes a voltage stability indicator L derived from fundamental circuit laws that can predict proximity to voltage collapse. The document outlines the formulation of an optimal power flow problem to minimize generation costs and indicator L. It applies this method to the 9-bus WSCC test system in MATLAB and concludes the indicator can accurately predict voltage stability problems and vulnerable locations.
This document describes a study of load frequency control (LFC) for a three area power system with time delays using PI and fuzzy logic controllers. The system consists of two areas connected by HVDC transmission links and one area connected to the other by an AC tie line. Models are presented for the generating units, interconnected system, and tie line power flow. The goal is to minimize transient frequency deviations and steady state errors in each area caused by load changes using the different controllers while accounting for time delays in the system.
Pe 2010 25-10-a facts device distributed power flow controllerSudeepthg Sudeepth
The document describes a new type of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device called the Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC). The DPFC is derived from the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) by eliminating the common DC link between converters and distributing multiple single-phase series converters along the transmission line. This allows active power exchange between converters through the line using third harmonic frequencies instead of a DC link. The DPFC has the same control capabilities as the UPFC but offers improved reliability due to redundancy of series converters and lower cost due to smaller, isolated converters without high voltage insulation requirements. Experimental results from a scaled DPFC prototype are also presented.
Enhancement for Power Quality in Distribution Side Using Custom Power DevicesIOSR Journals
1) The document discusses enhancing power quality in distribution systems using custom power devices like the Interline Unified Power Quality Conditioner (IUPQC).
2) It proposes using a Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) control algorithm with a modified Phase Locked Loop (PLL) for generating gate signals to improve the IUPQC's performance under distorted voltage conditions.
3) The SRF method transforms voltage and current signals into rotating dq coordinates to extract fundamental frequency components, while the modified PLL improves determination of positive sequence system voltages for better filtering.
Harmonic analysis and Power factor improvement with UPQC under two Novel cont...IJERA Editor
This paper presents unified power quality conditioner (UPQC)for power quality improvements in terms of
harmonics compensation and power factor correction in a three-phase four-wire distribution system.The UPQC
is implemented with PWM controlled voltage source converter (VSC) and switching patterns are generated
through Indirect PI and Synchronous Reference Frame controller. The selected topology for voltage source
converter is the three-leg and six-leg VSC for Indirect PI and Synchronous reference frame (SRF) control
strategies respectively. The behavior of UPQC has been analyzed by considering a case study with switching of
three phase half bridge diode rectifier and a parallel star connected unbalanced R-L loads. Harmonic spectrum
of the source current and load voltage are compared in between without UPQC and with UPQC by considering
both control strategies. The complete system has been modeled using MATLAB software with its stimulus’s
sim power system toolboxes.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
This document summarizes a research paper about simulating a distributed power-flow controller (DPFC). The DPFC is derived from the unified power-flow controller (UPFC) but eliminates the common DC link. It allows active power exchange between series and shunt converters through the transmission line at the third-harmonic frequency instead of through a DC link. Detailed simulations are conducted on a two-machine system to analyze the DPFC's control capabilities and effects on power transfer and system reliability. The document outlines the DPFC topology, operating principle of active power exchange without a DC link using non-sinusoidal power theory, and use of the third-harmonic frequency for this exchange due to its zero-sequence properties.
Application of Backstepping to the Virtual Flux Direct Power Control of Five-...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper proposes a virtual flux direct power control-space vector modulation combined with backstepping control for three-phase five-level neutral point clamped shunt active power filter. The main goal of the proposed active filtering system is to eliminate the unwanted harmonics and compensate fundamental reactive power drawn from the nonlinear loads. In this study, the voltage-balancing control of four split dc capacitors of the five-level active filter is achieved using five-level space vector modulation with balancing strategy based on the effective use of the redundant switching states of the inverter voltage vectors. The obtained results showed that, the proposed multilevel shunt active power filter with backstepping control can produce a sinusoidal supply current with low harmonic distortion and in phase with the line voltage.
A NOVEL TCHNOLOGY FOR HARMONICS AND UNBALANCE COMPENSATION IN ELECTRIC TRACTI...ijiert bestjournal
Power quality problems in power systems have been i mproved due to nonlinear loads. To compensate these problems Direct Power Compensator was proposed in this paper. A Direct Power Compensator (DPC) is proposed in this paper to elim inate the harmonic currents,compensate power factor and voltage unbalance problems created by th e nonlinear loads present in three phase systems. A DPC contains back to back converter by sharing th e same dc link power and v/v transformer to provide a voltage balance in transmission line. Hys teresis harmonic current regulator is used to produce pulse for back to back converter. A control ler maintains the dc-link voltage and compensates the power factor,harmonic currents. A comparative analysis for traction system with and without DPC was performed using MATLAB Simulink . Simulation results show the controller advantages and the applicability of the proposed me thod in railway systems.
The document describes a proposed 127-level hybrid multilevel inverter topology. Multilevel inverters are useful for medium-voltage high-power applications as they can generate stepped voltage waveforms to reduce harmonic distortion. The proposed topology uses a bypass diode technique and H-bridge configuration to produce 31 voltage levels with only 8 switches and 4 diodes, reducing components compared to other multilevel inverter topologies. The performance of the 31-level inverter is studied using MATLAB/Simulink simulation. A 1 kW hardware prototype is developed to experimentally verify the concept. The proposed topology aims to reduce switching losses and total harmonic distortion in the output waveform.
The study made in this paper concerns the use of the voltage-oriented control (VOC) of three-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) rectifier with constant switching frequency. This control method, called voltage-oriented controlwith space vector modulation (VOC-SVM). The proposed control scheme has been founded on the transformation between stationary (α-β) and and synchronously rotating (d-q) coordinate system, it is based on two cascaded control loops so that a fast inner loop controls the grid current and an external loop DC-link voltage, while the DC-bus voltage is maintained at the desired level and ansured the unity power factor operation. So, the stable state performance and robustness against the load’s disturbance of PWM rectifiers are boths improved. The proposed scheme has been implemented and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The control system of the VOC-SVM strategy has been built based on dSPACE system with DS1104 controller board. The results obtained show the validity of the model and its control method. Compared with the conventional SPWM method, the VOC-SVM ensures high performance and fast transient response.
Design and Simulation of Power Factor Correction Boost Converter using Hyster...ijtsrd
Nowadays various power converters like AC DC or DC DC are widely used due to their flexible output voltage and high efficiency. But these converters take the current in the form of pulses from the utility grid so that the high Total Harmonic Distortion THD and poor Power Factor PF are the major disadvantages of these converters. Hence there is a continuous need for PF improvement and reduction of line current harmonics. The most popular topology for Active Power Factor Correction APFC is a boost converter as it draws continuous input current. This input current can be manipulated by Hysteresis control technique. The boost converter can perform this type of active power factor correction in many discontinuous and continuous modes. The design and simulation of boost converter with power factor correction in continuous conduction mode is represented by using MATLAB SIMULINK software. Yu Yu Khin | Yan Aung Oo "Design and Simulation of Power Factor Correction Boost Converter using Hysteresis Control" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27905.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/27905/design-and-simulation-of-power-factor-correction-boost-converter-using-hysteresis-control/yu-yu-khin
An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC) in...IAES-IJPEDS
A well-prepared abstract enables the reader to identify the basic content of a document quickly and accurately, to determine its relevance to their interests, and thus to decide whether to read the document in its entirety. The Abstract should be informative and completely self-explanatory, provide a clear statement of the problem, the proposed approach or solution, and point out major findings and conclusions. The Abstract should be 100 to 200 words in length. The abstract should be written in the past tense. Standard nomenclature should be used and abbreviations should be avoided. No literature should be cited. The keyword list provides the opportunity to add keywords, used by the indexing and abstracting services, in addition to those already present in the title. Judicious use of keywords may increase the ease with which interested parties can locate our article.
Mitigation Unbalance Nonlinear Loads and Dissimilar Line Currents Using Shunt...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This document presents a new control method for a shunt active power filter (SAPF) to compensate for unbalanced nonlinear loads and dissimilar line currents. The proposed control method uses both dq-theory and instantaneous p-q power theory to calculate reference currents. Fuzzy logic control is also used to optimize the SAPF performance. Simulation results show the controller is effective at mitigating harmonic distortion, compensating load asymmetry, and eliminating negative and zero sequence currents. The total harmonic distortion of the line currents is reduced from 29.8% to 4.1% with this control approach.
Power factor correction using bridgeless boost topologyDHEERAJ DHAKAR
This document summarizes research on using a bridgeless boost topology for power factor correction. It begins by introducing power factor and the issues caused by low power factor systems. It then discusses conventional boost converter topologies used for power factor correction and the benefits of a bridgeless boost topology. The document presents simulations comparing the performance of a conventional boost converter to a bridgeless boost converter for power factor correction. It finds that the bridgeless topology achieves higher efficiency power factor correction.
1) Jefté foi expulso por ser filho de uma prostituta.
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3) O levita dividiu o cadáver da concubina em 12 partes depois que ela foi estuprada até a morte.
Winrar es un programa gratuito para comprimir y descomprimir archivos. Se puede descargar la versión crackeada de Winrar desde un enlace proporcionado. Una vez descargado, se instala haciendo doble clic en el archivo de instalación. Winrar permite comprimir archivos de forma rápida haciendo clic derecho y seleccionando "Añadir a archivo..." o "Añadir a *.rar", y descomprimir archivos seleccionando "Extraer archivos...".
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El poema describe a una mujer que camina delante de su sombra, precedida por la luz como las aves en el solsticio. Se ha despojado de todo salvo su juventud y las lágrimas engarzadas en piedras. Ha extendido su pelo sobre un árbol otoñal y es dócil a las hojas. Sus manos son como las de un niño y ofrece sus ojos al animal oscuro que la mira mansamente. Ha estado con el autor desde el principio y ha trazado la forma de las cosas con el agua oculta.
Frutas son alimentos saludables que contienen vitaminas, minerales y fibra. Las frutas más comunes incluyen manzanas, naranjas, plátanos y uvas. Comer frutas diariamente es importante para mantener un estilo de vida saludable.
1) O documento apresenta 7 perguntas sobre eventos bíblicos relacionados a Israel e Moisés no Egito e no deserto.
2) As perguntas tratam de tópicos como a localização onde Israel e seus filhos habitaram no Egito, os últimos desejos de Israel antes de morrer, a tribo à qual Moisés pertencia e as pragas no Egito.
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Este documento descreve um estudo exploratório sobre o uso de blogs na formação inicial de professores na Universidade do Minho em Portugal. Os futuros professores conceberam e gerenciaram blogs durante um semestre letivo como parte de um curso de Tecnologia Educacional. Questionários aplicados após a experiência mostraram que os alunos se sentiram entusiasmados com a proposta e viram os blogs como interativos, interessantes e criativos. Eles regularmente visitaram os blogs uns dos outros e valorizaram os comentários recebidos como uma oportunidade de aprend
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O documento discute estratégias para usar livros para ajudar crianças com TEA a entenderem o mundo e se comunicarem melhor. Sugere escolher livros com figuras significativas para a criança e textos curtos ligados às figuras. Também recomenda livros interativos, previsíveis e histórias simples de acordo com a compreensão da criança.
Usted debe enseñar a Luis cómo conseguir clientes para ActionCare cada mes y cómo enseñar a otros a hacer lo mismo. Si usted consigue 3 franquiciados directos que sigan esta estrategia y enseñe a sus propios franquiciados, podría generar ingresos de más de 90,000 euros en solo 7 meses gracias a los ingresos recurrentes de ActionCare. El éxito depende de enseñar efectivamente a otros y de la paciencia para dejar que el negocio crezca.
Por que investir em performance Front-End?Luiz Oliveira
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This document describes simulations carried out on Distributed Power-Flow Controller (DPFC) technology. Key points:
- DPFC is derived from Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) but eliminates the common DC link between shunt and series converters. Active power is exchanged through the transmission line using third-harmonic frequency components.
- DPFC has advantages over UPFC of lower cost due to lower component ratings/isolation for series converter, and higher reliability due to redundancy of series converters.
- Detailed simulations were performed on a two-machine system to illustrate DPFC's control features and ability to increase power transfer capability and improve system reliability compared to conventional systems. Laboratory tests validated the DPFC operating principle and
This document discusses a new method called distributed power flow controller (DPFC) to mitigate voltage sags and improve power quality. DPFC is similar to unified power flow controller (UPFC) but eliminates the common DC link and uses individual single-phase series converters. It consists of a parallel converter like a STATCOM and multiple independent series converters. DPFC can control transmission line parameters like UPFC to balance bus voltage, line impedance, and transmission angle. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink show DPFC is effective at mitigating voltage sags to 0.65 p.u. and current swells of 0.2 p.u. compared to other FACTS devices.
This document summarizes a research paper that investigates using a Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC) to improve voltage stability in a fourteen bus power system during a line interruption. It describes simulating the fourteen bus system under normal operation, with an interrupted line and no DPFC, and with an interrupted line and DPFC. The results show that with DPFC, the voltage, real power, and reactive power at the affected bus are maintained at near normal levels during the line interruption. The DPFC is able to improve voltage stability and power quality during the contingency event.
IRJET- Enhancement of Power Flow Capability in Power System using UPFC- A RevieWIRJET Journal
This document reviews the use of a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) to enhance power flow capability in power systems. The UPFC is a flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) device that can control both real and reactive power flows on a transmission line. It consists of two voltage source converters connected by a DC link: a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC). The STATCOM controls reactive power and the DC link voltage, while the SSSC injects a controlled AC voltage in series with the transmission line to vary the transmission line impedance and power flow. Simulation results show that a UPFC installed on the IEEE 5 bus test system can control power flows and
Performance of the dpfc before and during series converter failureIAEME Publication
This document discusses the performance of a Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC) before and during the failure of one of its series converters. It begins by describing the configuration and operation of a DPFC, which uses multiple single-phase series converters and a three-phase shunt converter to control power flow without a common DC link like in a UPFC. It then analyzes the DPFC's control capabilities at the fundamental frequency and at the third harmonic frequency used to exchange power between converters. Finally, it discusses adapted control schemes that allow the DPFC to remain stable and suppress negative/zero sequence currents during a single series converter failure.
POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IN TRANSMISSION LINE USING DPFCvivatechijri
This project presents the MATLAB Simulation model of the Distributed Power Flow Controller in Transmission line. This work will be a new component with the flexible ac transmission system, called as distributed power flow controller (DPFC). The DPFC will be derived from the unified power flow controller system (UPFC). The DPFC can be considered as a UPFC with a common dc link which is eliminated. The active power exchange between the series and shunt converters, through the common dc link in the UPFC, is now through the transmission lines at the third-harmonic frequency. DPFC has the same control ability as the UPFC, which adjusts line impedance, bus voltages, and the transmission lines.
Guiding Principles in Selecting AC To DC Converters For Power Factor Correcti...IJERA Editor
The ac to dc converters’ power factors correction in ac transmission system were investigated. The studies include: phase-controlled converter; pulse width modulated (PWM) converter and ac input current shaped converter. Using Fourier series, power factors of these converters were calculated and simulated using MATLAB. The resulting curves are displayed in the hard copies for practical guides in the choice of converters; and comparatively, current shaped type is the best.
Line Losses in the 14-Bus Power System Network using UPFCIDES Editor
Controlling power flow in modern power systems
can be made more flexible by the use of recent developments
in power electronic and computing control technology. The
Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is a Flexible AC
transmission system (FACTS) device that can control all the
three system variables namely line reactance, magnitude and
phase angle difference of voltage across the line. The UPFC
provides a promising means to control power flow in modern
power systems. Essentially the performance depends on proper
control setting achievable through a power flow analysis
program. This paper presents a reliable method to meet the
requirements by developing a Newton-Raphson based load
flow calculation through which control settings of UPFC can
be determined for the pre-specified power flow between the
lines. The proposed method keeps Newton-Raphson Load Flow
(NRLF) algorithm intact and needs (little modification in the
Jacobian matrix). A MATLAB program has been developed to
calculate the control settings of UPFC and the power flow
between the lines after the load flow is converged. Case studies
have been performed on IEEE 5-bus system and 14-bus system
to show that the proposed method is effective. These studies
indicate that the method maintains the basic NRLF properties
such as fast computational speed, high degree of accuracy and
good convergence rate.
The compensatation of unbalanced 3 phase currents in transmission systems on ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The compensatation of unbalanced 3 phase currents in transmission systems on ...eSAT Journals
Abstract It is self-possessed of the Distributed Power Flow Controller is a new device within the family of FACTS. Power Quality is becoming an important issue for both electric utilities and end users. So the paper concentrate on one of the issue of power quality that is voltage sag compensation. My paper deals with the operation principle of a Practical Design and Implementation Procedure of Utilize Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC) to Compensate Unbalanced 3-phase Currents in Transmissions Systems. The series converters of the DPFC are single phase, the DPFC can compensate both active and reactive, zero and negative sequence unbalanced currents. To compensate the unbalance, two additional current controllers are supplemented to control the zero and negative sequence current respectively. FACTS devices can be employed to compensate the unbalanced currents and voltages in transmission systems. Unfortunately, it is found that the capability of most of FACTS devices to compensating unbalance is limited. Series and shunt FACTS device can only provide compensation of unbalanced reactive currents and the most powerful device – the UPFC cannot compensate zero-sequence unbalance current, because of the converter topology. My paper will show that the so-called DPFC can compensate both active and reactive, zero and negative sequence unbalanced currents. My paper consists of both active and reactive variations, using MATLAB/SIMULINK is simulated and its effects on the transmission lines observed. The simulated results are analyzed and validated with the real time results for the system considered Index Terms: AC–DC power conversion, filters, load flow control, power electronics, power-transmission control, power semiconductor devices, Power system control V-I measurements
Power Quality Improvement Using Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter Based D...IJERA Editor
Cascaded multilevel configuration of the inverter has the advantage of its simplicity and modularity over the
configurations of the diode-clamped and flying capacitor multilevel inverters. This paper presents a threephase,
five-level and seven level cascaded multilevel voltage source inverter based active filter for power line
conditioning to improve power quality in the distribution network. The DSTATCOM helps to improve the
power factor and eliminate the Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) drawn from a Non-Liner Diode Rectifier
Load (NLDRL). The compensation process is based on concept of p-q theory. A CHB Inverter is considered for
shunt compensation of a 11 kV distribution system. Finally a level shifted PWM (LSPWM) and phase shifted
PWM (PSPWM) techniques are adopted to investigate the performance of CHB Inverter. The results are
obtained through Matlab/Simulink software package.
In this paper a grid interconnected system with wind energy source linked with a FACTs based SSFC device ( Static switched filter compensator ) at load for enhancing power quality is considered .Analysis is done for the proposed system by varying Carrier frequency over a wide range and observed system performance at all 3 busses wise Grid bus, Generator Bus and Load Bus. Two regulators are used to organize the FACTS SSFC-device, these are based on a tri-loop dynamic error obsessed inter-coupled input to VSC controller. Investigation is made in MATLAB/SIMULINK Environment for the proposed system ,it is observed that system performance in terms of percentage Total harmonic Distortion is satisfactory along with the Enhanced Power Quality.
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Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Power Quality Improvement of Grid Interconnection of renewable Energy Based D...IJERA Editor
This paper presents a grid interfacing inverter which compensates power quality problems and also interface Renewable Energy Sources with the help of electric grid. Renewable Energy Sources are being increasingly connected in distribution system utilizing power electronic converters. Grid interfacing inverter can be used: 1) To improve the transfer of active power harvested from RES; 2) To meet load reactive power demand support ; 3) To reduce current harmonics by incorporating the current harmonic compensator at point of common coupling(PCC) ; 4) current unbalance and neutral current compensation in case of 3-phase 4-wire system. The fuzzy logic can be used in many applications especially, when the process/models are complex to analyse by using classical methods. Mainly fuzzy logic controller is used to control DC capacitor voltage. Simulations are carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK to verify the performance of the controller. The output shows the controller has fast dynamic response high accuracy of tracking DC voltage reference and robust to load parameters variations.
Distribution Network Power Quality Improvement by D-STATCOM & DVR Under Vario...IRJET Journal
This document discusses simulation of a Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) and Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) to improve power quality under fault conditions. It first provides background on power quality issues and defines DSTATCOM and DVR. It then outlines the methodology, including components of each system like the voltage source converter, isolation transformer, and energy storage. The results of simulations showing the DSTATCOM injecting current and DVR injecting voltage during faults to maintain power quality are presented. The document evaluates these custom power devices for mitigating the effects of faults on distribution systems.
Review of the UPFC Different Models in Recent YearsIJPEDS-IAES
Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is one of the most intriguing and, potentially, the most versatile classes of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices. The UPFC is a device which can control simultaneously tree parameters line impedance, voltage, phase angle and dynamic compensation of AC power system. In order to analyze its true effects on power systems, it is important to model its constraints, due to various ratings and operating limits. This paper reviews on the different models of UPFC used in recent years and gives sets of information for each model of the UPFC in AC transmission. Then the different models are compared and features of each model are examined.
Pe 2010 25-10-a facts device distributed power flow controllerSudeepthg Sudeepth
The document describes a new type of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device called the Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC).
The DPFC is derived from the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) by eliminating the common DC link between the shunt and series converters. Instead, active power is exchanged between the converters through the transmission line at the third harmonic frequency.
The DPFC employs distributed FACTS concepts using multiple single-phase series converters instead of a single three-phase series converter like in the UPFC. This provides redundancy to increase reliability. It also avoids the need for high voltage isolation between phases since the converters are single-phase and floating.
Experimental results from a scaled
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a direct power control (DPC) method for controlling a unified power flow controller (UPFC) that uses a matrix converter. Some key points:
1. A DPC technique is developed using sliding mode control principles to directly control the active and reactive line power flows of a UPFC that uses a matrix converter, without requiring DC energy storage components.
2. The DPC selects appropriate switching states of the matrix converter in real-time to control the active and reactive power errors based on voltage and current measurements.
3. Simulation and experimental results show the DPC provides decoupled control of active and reactive power with zero steady-state error and fast dynamic
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Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Power Quality Improvement And Mitigation Of Voltage Sag And Current Swell Using Distributed Power Flow Controller
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Power Quality Improvement And Mitigation Of Voltage Sag And Current Swell Using Distributed Power Flow Controller P.NIRMALA1, SK.SAJIDA2, SK.JAN BHASHA3, PG Student [EPS], Dept. of EEE, ASIT, Gudur, SPSR Nellore (D), Andhra Pradesh, India1 Assistant Professor, Dept. of EEE, ASIT, Gudur, SPSR Nellore (D), Andhra Pradesh, India2 Associate Professor, Dept. of EEE, ASIT, Gudur, SPSR Nellore (D), Andhra Pradesh, India3 Abstract— Modern power utilities have to respond to a number of challenges such as growth of electricity demand specially in non-linear loads in power grids, consequently, That higher power quality should be considered. In this paper, DPFC which is similar to unified power flow controller (UPFC) in structure, which is used to mitigate the voltage sag and swell as a power quality issue. Unlike UPFC, the common dc-link in DPFC, between the shunt and series converter devices should be eliminated and three-phase series converter is divided to several single- phase series distributed converters through the power transmission line. And also to detect the voltage sags and find out the three single-phase reference voltages of DPFC, the synchronous reference frame method is proposed. Application of DPFC in power quality enhancement is simulated in Mat lab/Simulink environment which show the effectiveness of the proposed structure Index Terms—FACTS, power quality, sag and swell mitigation, distributed power flow controller.
I. INTRODUCTION
Recent developments in the electric utility industry are encouraging the entry of power quality issue [1]. Extending from the generation units to the utility customers, power quality is a measure of how the elements affect the system as a whole [2]. From customer point of view, the power quality issue is concerned about current, voltage or frequency deviation which results in power failure [3]. To solve the power quality problem in such a situation, the power electronic devices such as flexible alternating- current transmission system (FACTS) and custom power devices (DVR) which are used in transmission and distribution control, respectively, should be developed [4], [5], [6]. The impact of transient parameters in majority of transmission lines problems such as sag (voltage dip), swell (over voltage) and interruption, are also considerable [1]. To mitigate the mentioned power quality problems, the utilization of FACTS devices such as power flow controller (UPFC) and synchronous static compensator (STAT- COM) can be helpful [7] , [8]. In [9], the distributed power flow controller (DPFC) is presented which has a similar configuration to UPFC structure. As shown in Fig. 1, the DPFC is composed of a single shunt converter and multiple independent series converters which is used to balance the line parameters, such as line impedance, transmission angle and bus voltage magnitude [9], [10]. To detect the voltage sags and determine the three single-phase reference voltages of DPFC, the SRF method is also proposed as a detection and determination method. The work in this paper is organized as follows: the DPFC operation principle is debated in Section II. In Section III, the control strategy of DPFC based on SRF method is proposed. The impact of DPFC in power quality enhancement is investigated in Section IV. Finally, the case study and its simulation results are analyzed in the last part of this work.
II. DPFC STRUCTURE
The basic issues in DPFC principle are DC-link elimination and using 3rd-harmonic current to active power exchange. In the following subsections, the DPFC basic concepts are explained.
A. Eliminate DC-Link and Power Exchange
Within the DPFC, the transmission line is used as a connection between shunt converter output and AC port of series converters, instead of using DC- link for power exchange between converters. The method of power exchange in DPFC is based on power theory of non-sinusoidal components [9]. Non- sinusoidal voltage and current can be presented as the sum of sinusoidal components at different frequencies. It is the main result of Fourier analysis. The product of voltage and current components provides the active power. Since the integral of some terms with different frequencies are zero, so the active power equation is as follow:
(1)
Where Vi and Ii are the voltage and current at the ith harmonic frequency, respectively, and φi is the angle
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between the voltage and current at the same frequency. Equation. 1 expresses the active powers at different frequencies are independent from each others. Thus, the converter can absorb the active power in one frequency and generates output power in another frequency. Assume the DPFC is located in transmission line of a two-bus system; therefore, the power supply generates the active power and the shunt converter absorbs it in fundamental frequency of current. Meanwhile, the third harmonic component is trapped in Y-Δ transformer. Output terminal of the shunt converter injects the third harmonic current into the neutral of Δ-Y transformer.
Consequently, the harmonic current flows through the transmission line. This harmonic current controls the dc voltage of series capacitors. Fig. 2 illustrates how the active power is exchanged between the shunt and series converters in the DPFC.
Fig. 1.The DPFC structure.
Fig. 2. Active power exchange between DPFC converters.
B. The DPFC Advantages
The DPFC in comparison with UPFC has some advantages, as follows:
1) High control capability.
The DPFC can control all parameters of transmission network: line impedance, transmission angle and bus voltage magnitude.
2) High reliability.
The series converters redundancy increases the DPFC reliability during converters operation [10]. It means, if one of series converters fails, the others can continue to work.
3) Low cost.
The single-phase converters rating, in comparison with three-phase converters is very low. Furthermore, the series converters, in this configuration, no need to any voltage isolation to connect in line. We can use the single turn transformers for series converters hanging. To explore the feasibility of the DPFC, a case study which is to use DPFC to replace UPFC of the Korea electric power corporation (KEPCO) is investigated. To achieve the same control capability as the UPFC, the DPFC construction requires less material [9].
III. DPFC CONTROL BASED ON SRF METHOD
The DPFC has three control strategies: central controller, series control and shunt control, as shown in Fig. 3.
A. Central Control
This controller manages all the series and shunt controllers and sends reference signals to both of them.
B. Series Control
Each single-phase converter has its own series control through the line. This controller inputs are series capacitor voltages, line current and series voltage reference in dq-frame. Any series controller has one low-pass and one 3rd-pass filter to create fundamental and third harmonic current respectively. Two single-phase phase lock loop (PLL) are used to take frequency and phase information from network [11]. The simulated diagram of
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series controller is shown in Fig. 4
C. Shunt Control
The shunt converter includes a three-phase converter which is back-to-back connected to a single-phase converter
Fig .3.DPFC Control Structure.
Fig. 4. The series control structure.
Fig. 5. The shunt control configuration: (a) for fundamental frequency (b) for third-harmonic frequency
The three-phase converter absorbs active power from grid at fundamental frequency and controls the dc voltage of capacitor between this converter and single-phase one. The shunt control structure block diagram is shown in Fig. 5.
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D. Proposed Detection and Determination Methods
To detect the voltage sags and determine the three single phase reference voltages of DPFC, the SRF method is introduced as a detection and determination method. The line-to-neutral voltages of grid in the pre-sag state are convicted from abc coordinate system to SRF (dq0) as the first step of this method. Then, the dq0 values of actual and reference line-neutral grid voltages are compared which the existence of the difference between them is representation of voltage sag and considered as the dq0 values of DPFC desired injected voltages.
= (2)
Fig.6.simulated model of the DPFC = (3) are the reference dq- component of DPFC desired injected voltages in the SRF, respectively. fig. 6. Simulated model of the
IV. POWER QUALITY ENHANCEMENT
This modeling has been developed using Mat lab/Simulink environment as shown in Fig. 6. The system is simulated with a three-phase source connected to a non-linear load. The simulation parameters are listed in Table 1. The supply is connected to load through the parallel transmission lines including the transmission line 1 and 2. The parallel transmission lines have same length. The DPFC is incorporated in transmission line 2. For analyzing dynamic performance, the inductive and capacitive loads are connected. The fault should be connected near the load to receive transient analysis. The shunt three-phase converter is connected to the transmission line 2 in parallel through a Y-Δ three- phase transformer, and series converters are distributed through this line.
V. SIMULATION RESULTS
The case study, considering sag/swell condition is implemented in single machine infinite bus system and analyzed results are as follows. To analyze voltage dip, a three-phase fault near the system load, as shown in Fig. 6 is created. The time duration for this fault is 0.5 seconds (500-1000 ms). The three-phase fault causes observable voltage sag during this time, as shown in Fig. 7. The voltage sag value is about 0.5 per unit. The DPFC can compensate the load voltage sag effectively. The voltage sag mitigation with DPFC is shown in Fig. 8.
After creating three-phase fault, Fig. 9 depicts the load current swell around 1.1 per unit. The fault time duration is
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0.5 seconds. In this case, after implementation of the DPFC, the load current magnitude is comparatively come down. The current swell mitigation for this case can be observed from Fig. 10. The load voltage harmonic analysis, using fast Fourier transform (FFT) of power GUI window by Simulink, as shown in Fig. 11. It can be seen, after DPFC implementation in system, the odd harmonics are reduced within acceptable limits and total harmonic distortion (THD) of load voltage is minimized.
Fig. 7. Three-phase load voltage sag waveform
Fig. 8. Mitigation of three-phase load voltage sag with DPFC.
Fig. 9. Three-phase load current swell waveform
Fig. 10. Mitigation of load current swell with DPFC.
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Fig. 11. The load voltage THD.
VI. CONCLUSION
The power quality enhancement of the power transmission systems is an vital issue in power industry. In his study, the application of DPFC as a new FACTS device, in the voltage sag and swell mitigation of a system composed of a three-phase source connected to a non-linear load through the parallel transmission lines is simulated in Matlab/Simulink environment. The voltage dip is analyzed by implementing a three-phase fault close to the system load. To detect the voltage sags and determine the three single phase reference voltages of DPFC, the SRF method is used as a detection and determination method. The obtained simulation results show the effectiveness of DPFC in power quality enhancement, especially in sag and swell mitigation.
TABLE I : THE SIMULATED SYSTEM PARAMETERS.
Parameters
values
Three phase source
Rated voltage
230 [kV]
Rated power/Frequency
100[mW]/60[HZ]
X/R
3
Short circuit capacity
11000[MW]
Transmission line
Resistance
0.012 [p.u./km]
Inductance/Capacitance reactance
0.12/0.12[p.u./km]
Length of transmission line
100 [km]
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P.Nirmala was born in Andhra Pradesh, India. She received the B.Tech degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from JNTU, Anantaapur in 2011 and pursuing M.Tech degree in Power Systems from JTNU, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India. Her area of interest in the field of power systems and electric Drives. Email: nirmala.yadav39@gmail.com Shajida Shaik was born in Andhra Pradesh, India. She received the B.Tech degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from DR SGIET, A.P., in 2005 and M.E degree in osmania university, AP, in 2012.She is presently working as Asst.Professor Dept.EEE, Audisankara Institute of Technology-Gudur, Nellore, Andhrapradesh, India.
Mr. Jan Bhasha Shaik was born in Andhra Pradesh, India. He received the B.Tech degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from JNT University, Hyderabad in 2004 and M.Tech degree in Power & Industrial Drives from JNT University Kakinada in 2010. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree at the JNT University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India. He had worked as an Assistant Professor and IEEE student Branch counselor at Hi-Tech College of Engineering, and worked as an Assistant professor at KL University Guntur,AP. Currently He is working as an Associate Professor at Audisankara Institute of Technology, Gudur,AP. He was the academic project coordinator for Under-Graduate & Post Graduate students. His areas of interest are HVDC, FACTS & SMART GRID.