Eye Movement Control During Reading
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During reading, the average fixation duration is 225-250 ms and average saccade size is 8-9 character spaces. Figure 2 shows an example of eye movements during reading, including that not all words are fixated, some words receive multiple fixations, and regressions occur. E-Z Reader 7 consists of a small number of perceptual-motor and cognitive processes that determine when and where the eyes move during reading.
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Reading Process
This document outlines the reading process and its application to a short story. The reading process involves previewing and planning before reading, actively reading with a purpose and making connections during reading, and remembering, reflecting and potentially rereading after reading. As an example, the document applies this process to analyzing the short story "Where's the Patis?" by Carmen Guerrero Nakpil. It describes how the reader would scan the title before reading, engage with the Filipino culture elements during reading, and understand the comparison of Filipino and foreign culture after reading.
The Language Experience Approach
The document discusses the Language Experience Approach (LEA), a teaching method that uses students' own words and experiences to help develop reading and writing skills. It involves students dictating a story about a personal experience, which the teacher writes down. Students then read the story repeatedly. This helps reading comprehension as students are reading self-generated material. The LEA supports vocabulary growth and provides opportunities for meaningful reading and writing activities linked to students' own experiences and oral language.
Process of Reading
Reading is an active process that involves a transaction between the reader's background knowledge and the text. It is constructive, as readers use their schema to make inferences and derive meaning. Reading comprehension depends on the reader's prior knowledge, ability to understand the language of the text, and ability to understand the message. Readers use both top-down and bottom-up processing, applying their expectations while taking in elements from the text. Multiple types of knowledge, such as syntactic, morphological, world, and topic knowledge, help readers make sense of a text.
Reading as a process
Reading involves physiological, cognitive, and psycho-social processes. Physiologically, reading requires the eyes to focus on words while the brain interprets symbols. Cognitively, reading is a two-step process where the brain recognizes words and derives meaning. Higher comprehension involves skills like self-awareness and predicting. Psycho-socially, reading is a social and professional activity that connects people through communication.
Language Experience Approach
The document discusses the language experience approach, a teaching method that uses students' own words and experiences to develop reading and writing skills. In this approach, students dictate stories about personal experiences to the teacher, who writes them down. The stories are then used as reading material to help students make connections between oral and written language. Key aspects of the approach include developing vocabulary and comprehension through repeated reading of self-generated texts, as well as follow-up lessons on grammar, spelling, and other skills. The approach draws on principles of learning from the familiar to unfamiliar and linking instruction to students' lives.
Reading as a Physiological Process
The document discusses the physiological process of reading. It begins with light from printed symbols hitting the retina and inducing chemical changes that create nerve currents. These currents then travel to the mid-brain and cerebral cortex, where the symbols are interpreted. The process involves the eyes fixating on and moving between words using movements like saccades and regressions, recognizing groups of words at a time from left to right or right to left.
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- 1. Eye Movement Control During Reading Mary Joy Aro August 2, 2008
- 3. During reading, the average fixation duration is about 225-250 ms and the average saccade size is 8-9 character spaces. Figure 2 shows an example of eye movements during reading Figure 2: This is an example of a person’s eye movements as the text is being read. It shows the typical patterns found in eye movement during reading, including the fact that not all words are fixated, some words receive more than one fixation and some saccades go back in the text, referred to as regressions.
- 4. Definition of Terms Labile Entropy Asymptote Parafovea
- 8. SWIFT words are identified in two stages saccadic programming is completed in two stages
- 10. E-Z Reader 7 consists of a small number of perceptual-motor and cognitive processes that determine when and where the eyes move during reading
- 12. GLENMORE
- 14. MR. CHIPS This model was proposed as a means to evaluate how an ideal-observer (i.e., a reader with perfect lexical knowledge and the well specified goal of maximizing reading speed) would move his/her eyes
- 16. ATTENTION-SHIFT linguistic processing and eye movement control are loosely coupled the model’s architecture consists of pair of interacting connectionist networks that are trained using the back-propagation learning algorithm