The present study was conducted at Lucknow
District in Uttar Pradesh. The purpose of this study is to
document how being perform in extra-curricular activities can
influence development in academics, social skills, and high school
completion. In this paper we study the possible influence of
extracurricular activities on student’s performance of eighth-and
ninth graders. 120 students of age group between 13 to 16 years
comprised the sample of the study. Self-made questionnaire for
school students were administered. Data was analyzed in term of
percentage and t-test analysis. The statistical analysis revealed
that all the 6 types of extracurricular activities, viz. Yoga, Horse
riding, Sport activities, Dance, Music and Indoor and outdoor
activities together showed significant role in some extracurricular
activities and Student’s performance of Government and Private
School. Students who participate in extracurricular activities
generally benefit from the many opportunities afforded them.
Benefits of participating in extracurricular activities included
having better grades, having higher standardized test scores and
higher educational attainment, attending school more regularly,
and having higher a higher self-concept. Those who participate in
out-of-school activities often have higher grade point averages, a
decrease in absenteeism, and an increased connectedness to the
school. Finally, we discuss the possible influence of
extracurricular activities on student’s performance and whether
such participation is advisable
Role of classroom education in eradicating gender inequalityFaumedha Gafoor
As we know that the things learned from our childhood remains forever in us, classroom education plays an important role learn different things. and thus classroom helps in promoting gender equality.
Further, the differentiation between gender and sex came in the discourse to
define the secondary status of women. Historically it is widespread that different
traits, roles, responsibilities and characteristics between men and women in society
regulated by different social institutions are determined by their gender which is
acceptable and not changeable in society and it is because of their biological
differences which make women, accountable for their secondary status in society.
And this phenomenology existing naturally which highlight the issues of gender
discrimination, exploitation, inequalities and injustice in the society regulated by
norms and values .Gender roles vary greatly in different societies, cultures and historical periods
as well as they depend also on socio-economic factors, age, education, ethnicity and
religion. Although deeply rooted, gender roles can be changed over time, since social
values and norms are not static.
Role of classroom education in eradicating gender inequalityFaumedha Gafoor
As we know that the things learned from our childhood remains forever in us, classroom education plays an important role learn different things. and thus classroom helps in promoting gender equality.
Further, the differentiation between gender and sex came in the discourse to
define the secondary status of women. Historically it is widespread that different
traits, roles, responsibilities and characteristics between men and women in society
regulated by different social institutions are determined by their gender which is
acceptable and not changeable in society and it is because of their biological
differences which make women, accountable for their secondary status in society.
And this phenomenology existing naturally which highlight the issues of gender
discrimination, exploitation, inequalities and injustice in the society regulated by
norms and values .Gender roles vary greatly in different societies, cultures and historical periods
as well as they depend also on socio-economic factors, age, education, ethnicity and
religion. Although deeply rooted, gender roles can be changed over time, since social
values and norms are not static.
Gender and patriachy, gender bias and its types, gender stereotype, its effects , how we overcome from stereotype, Equity and equality in relation with caste and reforms in india.
B.ed 2nd year
It is a short study done by Rajendra Ojha , Graduate Student of International Relation. This study is taken focusing past, present and future ( likely to be ) scenario of radical feminism and Patriarchy Society.
Gender roles in mass media – Gender stereotypes in mass media -gender identity roles - Positive notions of body and self - Gender in media: magazines, TV shows, cartoons, movies and advertisements - Gender equality and language use.
This is the rubric that I will be following during the week of the lessons that I am presenting. All categories will be taken into consideration when grades are sent to Mrs. Froberg.
Gender and patriachy, gender bias and its types, gender stereotype, its effects , how we overcome from stereotype, Equity and equality in relation with caste and reforms in india.
B.ed 2nd year
It is a short study done by Rajendra Ojha , Graduate Student of International Relation. This study is taken focusing past, present and future ( likely to be ) scenario of radical feminism and Patriarchy Society.
Gender roles in mass media – Gender stereotypes in mass media -gender identity roles - Positive notions of body and self - Gender in media: magazines, TV shows, cartoons, movies and advertisements - Gender equality and language use.
This is the rubric that I will be following during the week of the lessons that I am presenting. All categories will be taken into consideration when grades are sent to Mrs. Froberg.
Change is the only thing which is constant in this
today’s era. Constant technology updates demand building up
and falling down of infrastructure along with cost involvement.
Today there is a need of adaptive infrastructure called Ad hoc
network.
Ad hoc network is a collection of two or more nodes with
wireless communication having network capability that they can
communicate without centralized manner. So, at any time host
devices may act as a router or as a node. Ad hoc networks can be
erected as wireless technology, comprising of Radio Frequency
(RF) and infrared frequency.
Wireless Ad hoc network is Temporary, Infrastructure less,
Decentralized, self-organized packet switched network. In this
network topology changes dynamically which can results change
in link failure or broken. In this paper we evaluate the
performance parameters like Throughput, End-to-End Delay and
Packet Delivery Ratio of AODV (ad hoc on Demand Vector) and
DSDV (Destination Sequential Distance Vector) protocol. The
simulation tool used is Network Simulator 2 -2.35
This paper presents the details on the
experimental investigation carried out to get the desired fresh
properties of the SCC. Tests were performed on various mixtures
to obtain the required SCC. In the present research work we
have replaced 15% of cement with class F fly ash. By varying the
quantity of water and sand the mortar mix was prepared. Later
varying percentage of coarse aggregate was added to the mortar
to obtain the desired SCC.
The protection of multimedia data is becoming very
important. The protection of this multimedia data can be done
with encryption or data hiding algorithms. To decrease
transmissions time the data transmission necessary.
Recently, more and more attention is paid to reversible data
hiding (RDH) in encrypted image. It maintains original area
could be perfectly restored after extraction of the hidden
message. In previous method embed data by reversibly vacating
area from the encrypted images, which may be subject to some
errors on data extraction and/or image restoration. A novel
method by reserving area before encryption with a traditional
RDH algorithm, and thus it is easy for the data hider to
reversibly embed data in the encrypted image. The proposed
method can achieve real reversibility, that is data extraction and
image recovery are free of any error. The hidden data can be
retrieved as and when required. The methods that are used in
reversible data hiding techniques like Lossless embedding and
encryption.
This deals with the image steganography as well as with the
different security issues, general overview of cryptography
approaches and about the different steganography
algorithms like Least Significant Bit (LSB) algorithm ,
JSteg, F5 algorithms. It also compares those algorithms in
means of speed, accuracy and security.
The purpose of paper is to recommend strategies to
increase customer loyalty through complaint management and as
a tool to manage risk. The paper encompasses the theoretical
concepts which emerge from the extensive review of literature on
complaints and risk. It was found that complaints and risk have a
significant relation and through complaint management, risk can
be reduced. The study has proposed COMPSAT Grid (reinforced
with literature review) demonstrating the state of Banks based on
no. of complaints and loyalty of customers. COMPSAT Grid can
become a base to design the strategies to increase customer’s
loyalty. The study is limited to the customer’s perceived risk. The
paper stresses on the importance of complaints in managing the
risk. Through COMPSAT grid the service providers may
modulate existing strategies to increase customer loyalty. The
concepts will establish complaint management as a basis of
marketing strategy modulation. The model is a theoretical
approach which is based on the concepts
— The automation of fault detection in material
science is getting popular because of less cost and time. Steel
plates fault detection is an important material science problem.
Data mining techniques deal with data analysis of large data.
Decision trees are very popular classifiers because of their simple
structures and accuracy. A classifier ensemble is a set of
classifiers whose individual decisions are combined in to classify
new examples. Classifiers ensembles generally perform better
than single classifier. In this paper, we show the application of
decision tree ensembles for steel plates faults prediction. The
results suggest that Random Subspace and AdaBoost.M1 are the
best ensemble methods for steel plates faults prediction with
prediction accuracy more than 80%. We also demonstrate that if
insignificant features are removed from the datasets, the
performance of the decision tree ensembles improve for steel
plates faults prediction. The results suggest the future
development of steel plate faults analysis tools by using decision
tree ensembles.
The present study was attempted to examine the role of
paternal and maternal parenting styles as predictor of students’
academic achievement. Parental Authority Questionnaire (Buri,
1991) further translated in Urdu by (Babree, 1997) was used to
collect the information from participants. Student’s result of
previous final Exam was taken as Academic Achievement.
Sample of the present study was consist on the F.A/F.Sc students
(N= 350) of final year. Simple linear regression analysis was
applied to test the hypothesis. The result of the study showed that
maternal and paternal authoritative style was a positive predictor
of academic achievement of adolescent. While maternal and
paternal authoritarian styles of parents was found to be a
negative predictor of academic achievement. The results for
permissive parenting style of both mother and father were nonsignificant.
The present study provided an insight to the roles of
parenting to academic achievement
Multiagent Based Methodologies have become an
important subject of research in advance Software Engineering.
Several methodologies have been proposed as, a theoretical
approach, to facilitate and support the development of complex
distributed systems. An important question when facing the
construction of Agent Applications is deciding which
methodology to follow. Trying to answer this question, a
framework with several criteria is applied in this paper for the
comparative analysis of existing multiagent system
methodologies. The results of the comparative over two of them,
conclude that those methodologies have not reached a sufficient
maturity level to be used by the software industry. The
framework has also proved its utility for the evaluation of any
kind of Multiagent Based Software Engineering Methodology
Tonsillitis is a disease that can be found in every
part of the world. Moreover, it is one of the main causes
intervening for heart attack and pneumonia. It has been reported
that there are a large number of people having died because of
heart attack and pneumonia. To improve data transfer rates, this
paper proposes Gabor filter design with efficient noise reduction
and less power consumption usage is proposed in this paper.
Using textural properties of anatomical structures the filter
design is suitable for detecting the early stages of disease. The
code for Gabor filter will be developed in MATLAB
The quality of any body of surface or ground water
is a function of either both natural influences and human
influences. Without human influences water quality would be
determined by the weathering of bedrock minerals, by the
atmospheric processes of evaporation, transpiration and the
deposition of dust and salt by wind, by the natural leaching of
organic matter and nutrients from soil, by hydrological factors
that lead to runoff, and by biological processes within the aquatic
environment that can alter the physical and chemical
composition of water. Declining water quality has become a
global issue of concern as human populations griesrow, industrial
and agricultural activities expand, and climate change threatens
to cause major alterations to the hydrological cycle.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Relationship between Factors Affecting Learning Social Studies and Academic A...ijtsrd
ocial study as a subject becomes a priority area in education, a right attitude towards the subject is the greatest need of the hour. A favourable attitude towards any subject helps the students to learn the subject interestingly and they score good marks. Attitude is one of the important factor that correlates with academic achievement. Study involvement is positively related to student achievement. It is necessary to determine the study involvement among students to understand and guide them. One major factor that facilitates study involvement is the emotional balance the student possesses. The investigator is interested in finding out the learning difficulties faced by students of secondary level in Social study in relation to certain psychological factors such as self concept and locus of control and certain educational factors such as attitude towards learning Social study and study involvement. For the purpose, the investigator had deeply studied the common difficulties faced by secondary level students in Social study. R. Jasmine Prince Catherine | Dr. P. Vedamoney Reeta2 ""Relationship between Factors Affecting Learning Social Studies and Academic Achievement among Secondary School Students in Coimbatore District"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25132.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/25132/relationship-between-factors-affecting-learning-social-studies-and-academic-achievement-among-secondary-school-students-in-coimbatore-district/r-jasmine-prince-catherine
Effect of Social Network Sites on Students’ Academic Performance in Secondary...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : A social networking site is an online platform that allows users to create a public profile and
interact with other users on the website. The emergence of Social Networking Sites has broadened the base of
contact, interaction, and communication among people living around the globe via the internet. Millions of
students are logging in to these social networking sites, every day. That’s why many students have been blaming
various social networking sites for their steady decrease in grade point averages which has affected their study
time, poor grammar, and wrong spellings when socializing on social media as well as diverting their attention
from their studies. The objective of this research is to find the Effect of Social Network Sites on Students’
Academic Performance in Secondary Schools, Hargeisa Somaliland. A quantitative research design was
conducted among 4 Secondary schools, two public secondary high schools (SHS), and two private SHS. These
are 26 June Secondary School, Mohamoud A. Ali Secondary School, Noradin Secondary School, and Ilays
Secondary School. A well-structured questionnaire was prepared and which were distributed among students
using the probability sampling technique (random number table). Finally, a simple linear regression was
calculated to predict the effect of social networks sites (SNS) on students' academic performance. There was a
significant effect of Social Network Sites on students' academic performance.
KEYWORDS : Academic performance, Secondary Schools, Social networking sites
During the last five years of my administrative career (from 2005 to 2010), I was the principal of an amazing Chicago North Shore high school. In my first year as principal, I started making small changes in order to demonstrate to the students and staff how we could improve our school.
Definition On Extracurricular Activities
Importance Of Extracurricular Activities Essay
Extracurricular Activities Essay
The Benefits Of Extracurricular Activities
Extra-Curricular Activities Essay
Extracurricular Activities
Positive Effects Of Extracurricular Activities
Persuasive Essay On Extracurricular Activities
Essay On Extracurricular Activities
Essay On Extracurricular Experiences
Essay On Extracurricular Activities
Extracurricular Activities Essay
Effects Of Extracurricular Activities Essay
My Life Of Extracurriculars
Extracurricular Activities Essay
Extracurricular Activities In Schools Essay
The Effect of the Involvement Intensity in Extracurricular Activities and Sof...inventionjournals
There are many graduates of higher education who are academically good, but weak in terms of soft skills; and it is becoming main cause of unemployment among the educated. This study examines the relationship between the intensity of involvement in extracurricular activities with soft skills quality and work readiness of the graduates. The population in this study was college graduates in East Java in 2014. The sample was determined by accidental sampling technique for college graduates in Surabaya, Malang, Jember and Kediri. Data analysis was done by using multiple analysis of variance. The results showed the more intensively involved in extracurricular activities, the better quality of soft skills and work readiness which the graduates have. Suggestion is proposed to universities to develop extracurricular activities that must be followed by all students.
A linear correlation analysis of student engagement and level of understandin...AJHSSR Journal
Students are usually left silent and confused when they are asked to participate in class when they
do not know or understand the lesson being discussed. This is why this correlational study was conducted in
order to determine if there is a significant relationship between student engagement and level of understanding
among the randomly chosen 30 Grade 11 Humanities and Social Sciences students of the University of San
Carlos –Senior High School – South Campus in Cebu City Philippines. Adapted questionnaires on student
engagement and level of understanding were utilized and went through the face and content validity and pilot
testing to obtain validity and reliability. Simple mean, standard deviation, and Pearson's r correlation were used
to treat the interval data. Based on the findings, the students‟ level of student engagement was rated high
( ̅ ) and their level of understanding was found to be high as well ( ̅ ).
The researchers also discovered that there is a significant relationship between the two variables, r(28) = 0.63, p
< 0.05 among the 30 respondents. These findings imply that the students participate in school activities and
learn different ideas based on their comprehension of the different subjects and courses. The moderately high
correlation between the variables also denotes that when the students understand the topics being discussed,
he/she will most likely engage in class as well.
An Analysis on the Attitudes of Academic Staff towards Distance Educationinventionjournals
In this study, the attitudes of the academic staff working in NamıkKemal University (NKU) towards distance education were examined according to different variables. Within this scope, the distance education attitude scale developed by Ağır et al. was used. 283 out of 955 academic staff working in NKU participated in this research in 2015. The data obtained from the research were analyzed by using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for Windows 22.0 program. In the evaluation of the data; numbers, percentages, mean and standard deviation were used as the descriptive statistical methods. T-test was used in the comparison of the quantitative continuous data between two independent groups, while One-Way ANOVA was used in the comparison of the quantitative continuous data between more than two independent groups. In order to determine the differences after the ANOVA, Scheffe’s test was used as the complementary post-hoc analysis. The obtained findings were evaluated at the confidence interval of 95% and at the significance level of 5%. It was determined in the study that the attitude level of the participants as to “the positive aspects of distance education” proved to be moderate (2,851 ± 0,716); whereas the attitude level as to “the negative aspects of distance education” proved to be weak (2,430 ± 0,757); and the attitude level as to “the advantages of distance education” proved to be high (3,618 ± 0,713).While age and gender were seen to have not affected the attitudes towards distance education, the academic title was seen to have affected these attitudes. The obtained statistical data and findings contributed to the studies regarding the foundation and constitution of Distance Education Center (DEC) as well as raising awareness for DEC
School attendence is a prerequite for a student in universial secondary educa...Komakech Robert Agwot
The study explored the effects of students’ absenteeism on student academic and school performance in Uganda. The study also assessed the effectiveness of class attendance monitoring tool; the challenges faced by the school administration in dealing with absentee student(s); and established the relationship between students’ absenteeism and academic performance of students. The relevant literature was reviewed to anchor the methodology and the findings. The study adopted descriptive cross-sectional survey design. A combination of stratified and purposive sampling was applied to accommodate the variety of respondents from Serere, Soroti, Kumi and Ngora districts in Teso sub-region; North Eastern Uganda. The study used questionnaires and interview schedules to collect primary data from 349 respondents who participated in the study out of the expected 384 obtained from a target population of 100,000 giving a response rate of 90.89%. The findings shows that the monitoring tools used for students’ attendance are effective (good) and there is a very positive relationship between student attendance and academic performance. The researcher also found that school attendance affects both the students and the school performance. To the students; it leads to poor academic performance, students drop out, graduating half-baked students, poor curriculum coverage and loss of interest in learning whist to the school; it affects the school image, lower the students’ enrollment, transfer of students by parents, wastage of teachers’ and administrators’ time and affects the university/tertiary enrolment. However, the school administration faces challenges of; interruption of lessons, students being hostile/belligerent to teachers, and parents defending their children whilst dealing with absenteeism students. The study also provides the practical and most effective strategies to improve students’ attendance. These staregies include; promoting Zero Tolerance to Students Absenteeism, parental involvement and participation, developing students’ mentoring programmes, improving “rich” student’s programmes, promoting guidance and counseling, promote good communication, reward students with regular attendance, and need to monitor and supervise school attendance. The researcher concludes that, to support students academically in and out of school; administrators, teachers, and families need to have a shared understanding of their children’s learning and work as partners to meet their academic and social-emotional needs.
Keywords: School Attendance, Academic Performance, Excused and Unexcused Absenteeism, Universal Secondary Education
Recent joint surgery studies reveal increased
revisions and resurfacing of the metal on metal hip joints. Metal
on metal hip implants were developed more than thirty years ago
and their application has been refined because of availability of
advanced manufacturing techniques and partly by advancements
in material science and engineering. Development of composite
materials may provide greater durability to metal-on-metal hip
implants .This review article is a study of the latest literature of
metal-on-metal hip implants and its various modeling techniques.
Numbers of methods are used for convergence and numerical
solution to investigate the performance of metal-on-metal hip
implant for accurate stable solution. This paper presents analysis
done by various researchers on metal-on-metal hip implants for
wear, lubrication, fatigue, bio-tribo-corrosion, design, toxicity
and resurfacing. After in vivo and in vitro studies, it is found that
all these methods have limitations. There is a need of more
insight for lubrication analysis, geometry of bearings, materials
and input parameters. The information provided in this work is
intended as an aid in the assessment of metal-on-metal hip joints.
Background Hospital contributes significantly tangible and intangible resources on a concurred plan by the scheduling of surgery on the OT list. Postponement decreases efficiency by declining throughput leads to wastage of resources hence burden to the nation. Patients and their family face economic and emotional implication due to the postponement. Postponement rate being a quality indicator controls check mechanism could be developed from the results. Postponement of elective scheduled operations results in inefficient use of the operating room (OR) time on the day of surgery. Inconvenience to patients and families are also caused by postponements. Moreover, the day of surgery (DOS) postponement creates logistic and financial burden associated with extended hospital stay and repetitions of pre-operative preparations to an extent of repetition of investigations in some cases causing escalated costs, wastage of time and reduced income. Methodology A cross-sectional study was done in the operation theaters of a tertiary care hospital in which total ten operation theaters of General Surgery Data of scheduled, performed and postponed surgeries was collected from all the operation theater with effect from March 1st to September 30th, 2018. A questionnaire was developed to find out the reasons for the postponement for all hospital’s stakeholders (surgeons, Anesthetist, Nursing Officer) and they were further evaluated time series analysis of scheduling of Operation Theater for moving average technique. Results Total 958 surgeries were scheduled and 772 surgeries performed were and 186 surgeries were postponed with a postponement rate of 19.42% in the cardiac surgery department during the study period. Month-wise postponement Rate exponential smoothing of time series data shows the dynamic of operating suits. To test throughput Postponement rate was plotted the postponed surgeries and on regression analysis is in a perfect linear relationship.
Introduction: Postponement of elective scheduled operations results in inefficient use of operating room (OR) time on the day of surgery. Inconvenience to patients and families also caused by postponements. Moreover, day of surgery (DOS) postponement creates logistic and financial burden associated with extended hospital stay and repetitions of pre-operative preparations to an extend of repetition of investigations in some cases causing escalated costs, wastage of time and reduced income. Methodology: A cross sectional study was done in the operation theaters of a tertiary care hospital in which total ten operation theaters of General Surgery Data of scheduled, performed and postponed surgeries was collected from all the operation theater with effect from march 1st to September 30th 2018. A questionnaire was developed to find out the reasons for the postponement for all hospital’s stakeholders (Surgeons, Anesthetist, Nursing officer) and they were further evaluated Time series analysis of scheduling of Operation Theater for Moving average Technique. Results: total 2,466 surgeries were scheduled and 1,980 surgeries were performed and 486 surgeries were postponed in the general surgery department during the study period. Month wise postponement forecast was in accordance with the performed surgeries and on regression analysis postponed surgeries were in perfect linear relationship with the postponement Rate.
In the present paper the experimental study of
Nanotechnology involves high cost for Lab set-up and the
experimentation processes were also slow. Attempt has also
been made to discuss the contributions towards the societal
change in the present convergence of Nano-systems and
information technologies. one cannot rely on experimental
nanotechnology alone. As such, the Computer- simulations and
modeling are one of the foundations of computational
nanotechnology. The computer modeling and simulations
were also referred as computational experimentations. The
accuracy of such Computational nano-technology based
experiment generally depends on the accuracy of the following
things: Intermolecular interaction, Numerical models and
Simulation schemes used. The essence of nanotechnology is
therefore size and control because of the diversity of
applications the plural term nanotechnology is preferred by
some nevertheless they all share the common feature of control
at the nanometer scale the latter focusing on the observation
and study of phenomena at the nanometer scale. In this paper,
a brief study of Computer-Simulation techniques as well as
some Experimental result
Solar cell absorber Kesterite- type Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films have been prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD). UV–vis absorption spectra measurement indicated that the band gap of as-synthesized CZTS was about1.68 eV, which was near the optimum value for photovoltaic solar conversion in a single-band-gap device. The polycrystalline CZTS thin films with kieserite crystal structure have been obtained by XRD. The average of crystalline size of CZTS is 27 nm
Multilevel inverters play a crucial part in the
areas of high and medium voltage applications. Among the three
main multilevel inverters used, the capacitor clamped multilevel
inverter(CCMLI) has advantage with respect to voltage
redundancies. This work proposes a switching pattern to improve
the performance of chosen H-bridge type CCMLI over
conventional CCMLI. The PWM technique used in this work is
Phase Opposition Disposition PWM(PODPWM). The
performance of proposed H-bridge type CCMLI is verified
through MATLAB-Simulink based simulation. It has been
observed that the THD is low in chosen CCMLI compared to
conventional CCMLI.
- In this paper, we introduce a practical mechanism of
compressing a binary phase code modulation (BPCM) signal
according to Barker code with 13 chips in presence of additive
white Gaussian noise (AWGN) by using a digital matched filter
(DMF) corresponding to time domain convolution algorithm of
input and reference signals using Cyclone II EP2C70F896C6
FPGA from ALTERA placed on education and development
board DE2-70 with the following parameters: frequency of
BPCM signal fIF=2 MHz, sampling frequency
f MHz SAM 50
,pulse period
T 200s
, pulse width
S 13sc
, chip width
CH 1sc
, compressing factor
KCOM 13
, SNRinp=1/1, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5 and processing
gain factor SNRout/SNRinp=11.14 dB.
The results of filter operation are evaluated using a digital
oscilloscope GDS-1052U to display the input and output signals
for different SNRinp.
Flooding is one of the most devastating natural
disasters in Nigeria. The impact of flooding on human activities
cannot be overemphasized. It can threaten human lives, their
property, environment and the economy. Different techniques
exist to manage and analyze the impact of flooding. Some of these
techniques have not been effective in management of flood
disaster. Remote sensing technique presents itself as an effective
and efficient means of managing flood disaster. In this study,
SPOT-10 image was used to perform land cover/ land use
classification of the study area. Advanced Space borne Thermal
Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) image of 2010 was
used to generate the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The image
focal statistics were generated using the Spatial Analyst/
Neighborhood/Focal Statistics Tool in ArcMap. The contour map
was produced using the Spatial Analyst/ Surface/ Contour Tools.
The DEM generated from the focal statistics was reclassified into
different risk levels based on variation of elevation values. The
depression in the DEM was filled and used to create the flow
direction map. The flow accumulation map was produced using
the flow direction data as input image. The stream network and
watershed were equally generated and the stream vectorized. The
reclassified DEM, stream network and vectorized land cover
classes were integrated and used to analyze the impact of flood on
the classes. The result shows that 27.86% of the area studied will
be affected at very high risk flood level, 35.63% at high risk,
17.90% at moderate risk, 10.72% at low risk, and 7.89% at no
risk flood level. Built up area class will be mostly affected at very
high risk flood level while farmland will be affected at high risk
flood level. Oshoro, Imhekpeme, and Weppa communities will be
affected at very high risk flood inundation while Ivighe, Uneme,
Igoide and Iviari communities will be at risk at high risk flood
inundation level. It is recommended among others that buildings
that fall within the “Very High Risk” area should be identified
and occupants possibly relocated to other areas such as the “No
Risk” area.
Without water, humans cannot live. Since time began,
we have lived by the water and vast tracts of waterless land have
been abandoned as it is too difficult to inhabit. At any given
moment, the earth’s atmosphere contains 4,000 cubic miles of
water, which is just 0.000012% of the 344 million cubic miles of
water on earth. Nature maintains this ratio via evaporation and
condensation, irrespective of the activities of man.
There is a certain need for an alternative to solve the water
scarcity. Obtaining water from the atmosphere is nothing new -
since the beginning of time, nature’s continuous hydrologic cycle
of evaporation and condensation in the form of rain or snow has
been the sole source and means of regenerating wholesome water
for all forms of life on earth.
An effective method to generate water is by the separation of
moisture present in air by condensation. In this study, the water
present in air is condensed on the surface of a container and then
collected in an external jacket provided on the container.
Insulations are provided to optimize the inner temperature of the
container.
The method is although uncommon but has certain advantages
which make it a success. The process is economical and does not
require a lot of utilities. It also helps in further reducing the
carbon footprint.
In every moment of functioning the Li-Ion
battery must provide the power required by the user, to have a
long operating life and to and to provide high reliability in
operation. The methods for analysis and testing batteries are
ensuring that all these conditions imposed to the batteries are
met by being tested depending on their intended use.
The success rate of real estate project is
decreasing as there is large scale of project and participation of
entities. It is necessary to study the risk factors involved in the
project. This paper focused on types of risks involved in the
project, risk factors, risk management tools & techniques.
Identification of risk of the project in terms of the total cost of the
project has been divided under Technical, Financial, Sociopolitical
and Statutory cost centers. Large real estate projects
have to tackle the following issues: land acquisition, skilledlabour
shortage, non-availability of skilled project managers, and
mechanization of the construction process to cater to the growing
demands. Non- availability of supporting infrastructure, political
issues like instability of the government leading to regulatory
issues, social issues, marketing forms an important part in these
projects as this is a onetime investment and the purchase cycle is
long , long development period makes the same project be at
different points in the real estate value cycle.
- In the present scenario carbon emission and sand
mining are major concern due to its hazardous effect to
environment and making serious imbalance to the ecosystem.
Various studies have been conducted to reduce severe effect on
environment, using byproducts like copper slag as partial
replacement of fine aggregate. Different researchers have also
revealed numerous uses of copper slag as a replacing agent in
determining the strength of concrete. A comprehensive review of
studies has been presented in this paper for scope of replacement
of fine aggregate from copper slag in concrete
- Security is a concept similar to being cautious
or alert against any danger. Network security is the condition of
being protected against any danger or loss. Thus safety plays a
important role in bank transactions where disclosure of any data
results in big loss. We can define networking as the combination
of two or more computers for the purpose of resource sharing.
Resources here include files, database, emails etc. It is the
protection of these resources from unauthorized users that
brought the development of network security. It is a measure
incorporated to protect data during their transmission and also
to ensure the transmitted is protected and authentic.
Security of online bank transactions here has been
improved by increasing the number of bits while establishing the
SSL connection as well as in RSA asymmetric key encryption
along with SHA1 used for digital signature to authenticate the
user
Background: Septoplasty is a common surgical
procedure performed by otolaryngologists for the correction of
deviated nasal septum. This surgery may be associated with
numerous complications. To minimize these complications,
otolaryngologists frequently pack both nasal cavities with
different types of nasal packing. Despite all its advantages,
nasal packing is also associated with some disadvantages. To
avoid these issues, many surgeons use suturing techniques to
obviate the need for packing after surgery.
Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of trans-septal
suture technique in preventing complications and decreasing
morbidity after septoplasty in comparison with nasal packing.
Patients and methods: Prospective comparative study. This
study was conducted in the department of Otolaryngology -
Head and Neck Surgery, Rizgary Teaching Hospital - Erbil,
from the 6th of May 2014 to the 30th of November 2014.
A total of 60 patients aged 18-45 years, undergoing septoplasty,
were included in the study. Before surgery, patients were
randomly divided into two equal groups. Group (A) with transseptal
suture technique was compared with group (B) in which
nasal packing with Merocel was done. Postoperative morbidity
in terms of pain, bleeding, postnasal drip, sleep disturbance,
dysphagia, headache and epiphora along with postoperative
complications including septal hematoma, septal perforation,
crustation and synechiae formation were assessed over a follow
up period of four weeks.
Results: Out of 60 patients, 37 patients were males (61.7%)
and 23 patients were females (38.3%). Patients with nasal
packing had significantly more postoperative pain (P<0.05)><0.05). There was no significant difference between
the two groups with respect to nasal bleeding, septal
hematoma, septal perforation, crustation and synechiae
formation.
Conclusion: Septoplasty can be safely performed using transseptal
suturing technique without nasal packing.
The basic reason behind the need to
monitor water quality is to verify whether the examined
water quality is suitable for intended usage or not. This
study is conducted on Al -Shamiya al- sharqi drain in
Diwaniya city in Iraq to make valid assessment for the
level of parameters measured and to realize their effects
on irrigation. In order to assess the drainage water
quality for irrigation purposes with a high accuracy, the
Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) will be examined
and upgraded (integrated with GIS) to make a
classification for drainage water. For this purpose, ten
samples of drainage water were taken from different ten
location of the stuay area. The collected samples were
analyzed chemically for different elements which affect
water quality for irrigation.These elements are :
Calcium(Ca+2), Sodium(Na+
), Magnesium(Mg+2),
Chloride( ), Potassium(K+
), Bicarbonate(HCO3),
Nitrate(NO3), Sulfate( , Phosphate( , Electrical
Conductivity(EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total
Suspended Solids (TSS) and pH-values (PH). Sodium
Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and Sodium Content (Na%)
have been also calculated. Results suggest that, the use of
GIS and Water Quality Index (WQI) methods could
provide an extremely interesting as well as efficient tool
to water resource management. The results analysis of
(IWQI) maps confirms that: 52% of the drainage water
in study area falls within the "Low restriction" (LR) and
47%of study area has water with (Moderate
restriction)(MR),While 1% of drainage water in the
study area classified as (Sever restriction) (SR). So, the
drainage water should be used with the soil having high
permeability with some constraints imposed on types of
plant for specified tolerance of salts
The cable-hoisting method and rail cable-lifting
method are widely used in the construction of suspension bridge.
This paper takes a suspension bridge in Hunan as an example,
and expounds the two construction methods, and analyzes their
respective merits and disadvantages.
Baylis-Hillman reaction has been achieved on
different organic motifs but with completion times of three to
six days. Micellar medium of CTAB in water along with the
organic base DABCO has been used to effect the BaylisHillman
reaction on a steroidal nucleus of Withaferin-A for the
first time with different aromatic aldehydes within a day to
synthesize a library of BH adducts (W1a –W14a) and (W1bW14b)
as a mixture of two isomers and W15 as a single
compound. The isomers were separated on column and the
major components were chosen for bio-evaluation. Cytotoxic
activity of the synthesized compounds was screened against a
panel of four cancer cell lines Lung A-549, Breast MCF-7,
Colon HCT-116 and Leukemia THP-1 along with 5-florouracil
and Mitomycin-C as references. All the compounds exhibited
promising activity against screened cell lines and were found to
possess enhaunced activity than parent compound. BH adducts
with aromatic systems having methoxy and nitro groups were
found to be more active.
The batteries used in electric and hybrid vehicles
consists of several cells with voltages between 3.6V battery and
4.2 V in series or parallel combinations of configurations for
obtaining the necessary available voltages in the operation of a
hybrid electric vehicle. How malfunction of a single cell affects
the behavior of the entire battery pack, BMS main function is to
protect individual cells against over-discharge, overload or
overheating. This is done by correct balancing of the cells. In
addition BMS estimates the battery charge status
This project aims at using (PD-MCPWM) Phase
disposition multi carrier pulse width modulation technique to
reduce leakage current in a transformerless cascaded multilevel
inverter for PV systems. Advantages of transformerless PV
inverter topology is as follows, simple structure, low weight and
provides higher efficiency , but however this topology provides a
path for the leakage current to flow through the parasitic
capacitance formed between the PV module and the ground.
Modulation technique reduces leakage current with an added
advantage without adding any extra components.
Many people in Africa depend on water from
rivers and borehole, but purity of the drinking water from these
sources remains questionable. Mudzira River being the longest
River in a village called Vimtim located in Mubi North Local
government area in Adamawa State was studied in the months of
September to December, 2012 to ascertain the suitability of the
water for human consumption and other related uses. Five study
point: inlet (A, B), middle (C) and out let (D, E) were adopted for
monitoring the physico-chemical parameters using standard
procedures. The mean total temperature values were A (25.000C),
B (24.500C), C (25.500C), D (24.000C) and E (24.000C. Average P
H
values were A (8.00), B (7.87), C (8.20) D (8.37) and E (8.13). The
average conductivity values were A (73.90
1 cms
), B
(73.11
1 cms
), D (74.00
1 cms
) and E (73. 80
1 cms
). The
average total dissolves solid value of each sample were A (17.10),
B (17.10), C (20.00) D (21.64) and E (21.60.). The average
turbidity value of sample were A (47.00), B (47.00), C (50.00) D
(53.00) and E (50.00). Average total hardness value are A
(20.00mg/l), B (20.00mg/L) C (24.00mg/L), D (20.00mg/L) and E
(20.00mg/L). The average chloride content were A (12mg/L), B
(16mg/L), C (12 mg/L) D (16mg/L) and E (16mg/L). The average
calcium content were A (0.3mg/L) B (0.4mg/L), C (0.3mg/L), D
(0.3mg/L) and E (0.2mg/L). The average content of magnesium
were A (12mg/L), B (16mg/L), C (16Mg/L), D (12mg/L), E
(12mg/L). The lead content of River Mudzira water was
negligible. The mean coliform count were A (4), B (3), C (6), D
(7), and E (4).The values of the parameters studied were within
the WHO/NAFDAC recommended standards, excepts for total
coliform levels. In conclusion Vimtim residents consuming
untreated water from River Mudzira are potentially exposed to
possible acute, sub chronic or even chronic water borne diseases
like typhoid fever, dysentery, diarrhea etc.
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EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES AND STUDENT’S PERFORMANCE IN SECONDARY SCHOOL
1. International Journal of Technical Research and Applications e-ISSN: 2320-8163,
www.ijtra.com Volume 2, Issue 6 (Nov-Dec 2014), PP. 08-11
8 | P a g e
EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES AND
STUDENT’S PERFORMANCE IN SECONDARY
SCHOOL
Singh Annu1, Mishra Sunita2
Student1
, Professor2
Department of Human Development and Family Studies, School for Home Sciences,
Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow-226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
1
singhannu034@gmail.com, 2
sunitabbau@gmail.com
ABSTRACT: The present study was conducted at Lucknow
District in Uttar Pradesh. The purpose of this study is to
document how being perform in extra-curricular activities can
influence development in academics, social skills, and high school
completion. In this paper we study the possible influence of
extracurricular activities on student’s performance of eighth-and
ninth graders. 120 students of age group between 13 to 16 years
comprised the sample of the study. Self-made questionnaire for
school students were administered. Data was analyzed in term of
percentage and t-test analysis. The statistical analysis revealed
that all the 6 types of extracurricular activities, viz. Yoga, Horse
riding, Sport activities, Dance, Music and Indoor and outdoor
activities together showed significant role in some extracurricular
activities and Student’s performance of Government and Private
School. Students who participate in extracurricular activities
generally benefit from the many opportunities afforded them.
Benefits of participating in extracurricular activities included
having better grades, having higher standardized test scores and
higher educational attainment, attending school more regularly,
and having higher a higher self-concept. Those who participate in
out-of-school activities often have higher grade point averages, a
decrease in absenteeism, and an increased connectedness to the
school. Finally, we discuss the possible influence of
extracurricular activities on student’s performance and whether
such participation is advisable.
Keywords- Students performance, extracurricular activities,
Secondary school, Government school, Private school, Lucknow
district.
I. INTRODUCTION
The term ‘extracurricular activities’ refers to any
activities that take place outside of the regular (compulsory)
school curriculum. “The activities are voluntary, and students
do not receive grades for academic credit for them” [1].
These
activities are offered outside of school hours, but within the
school setting. Extracurricular activities not associated with
school are not included within this definition.
Extracurricular activities are offered at most schools in
the United States and can consist of a wide range of activities
that do not form a part of the regular school curriculum. Most
schools allow a free choice for student involvement in these
activities, but “many private schools make involvement in one
or more extracurricular activities a mandatory requirement for
their students; believing that such a mandate helps to create a
more ‘well-rounded’ student” [2]
.
Research has focused on the influence of extracurricular
activities on academic performance. McCarthy highlights that
“Those [students] who participate in [extracurricular]
activities have significantly higher GPA’s and significantly
lower absenteeism. Although these results are consistent
across genders, ethnicities, and socio-economic levels, the
results show that differences do exist” [3].
The GPA of a
student refers to their average grade, which is indicated to
increase when participating in extracurricular activities. In
addition to the higher grades, those student who participate in
regular, organized activities, are found to be absent from
school less frequently than those students who do not
participate. Naturally, those students who attend school more
frequently are likely to attain higher grades, which would
result in a higher GPA. Attendance and grades are evidently
positively influenced by participation in extracurricular
activities.
Extracurricular activities are found at all levels of our
school system, especially in secondary schools [4]
. The terms
extracurricular activities, co-curricular activities, and non-
classroom activities have all been used interchangeably to
mean experiences and activities such as debate, athletics,
music, drama, school publications, student council, school
clubs, contests, and various social events [5]
. This multitude of
experiences forms a third curriculum—paralleling the required
and the elective curriculums, and are well integrated into the
daily school program [6]
. Generally, extracurricular activities
are voluntary, are approved and sponsored by school officials,
and carry no academic credit toward graduation [7]
.
According to Eccles [8]
children and adolescents in the United
States spend more than half of their waking hours in leisure
activities. Along with interest in how leisure time is being
spent, researchers are wondering why there are high levels of
disinterest, underachievement, disengagement, and increased
amount of time teens spend unsupervised by adults.
Participation in activities has been linked to social and
academic success, yet over-participation may be too stressful
for young adults as it may consume too much of their free
time. In extracurricular activities that yoga is very beneficial
physical activity that regulates central and external health of
human beings [9]
. There are pros and cons to both sides of the
activity participation discussion. It is important to understand
exactly how each activity is impacting a student and what type
of cognitive skill development is taking place [10]
.
Different activities, in which students participate, both
inside and outside the school itself, are among the multiple
situation or agents that can have an effect on these concepts.
Extra-scholastic activities have been associated with an
improved educational level, more interpersonal competencies,
higher aspirations and a better attention level[11]
increased
2. International Journal of Technical Research and Applications e-ISSN: 2320-8163,
www.ijtra.com Volume 2, Issue 6 (Nov-Dec 2014), PP. 08-11
9 | P a g e
critical thinking and personal and social maturity[12]
higher
motivation [13]
and generally speaking, with great benefits that
serve to bridge school activities with those performed outside
the academic setting [14]
.
I. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
A. To know about the different extracurricular activities
perform in Government and Private School.
B. To study and compared the enrich extracurricular
ability performs in different age groups.
II. METHODOLOGY
The research was carried out 5 Zone in district Lucknow of
Uttar Pradesh during March 2013. Purposive sampling method
was used for sample selection. Two Government and Two
private schools of urban area in district Lucknow were
selected to represent the population under study. 120 School
going students of 13-16 years were selected for the study.
Self-constructed questionnaire was used for data collection.
Tabulation was done with the help of master chart and
statistical analysis was done by using SPSS (20 Version)
software.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
0
50
100
150
200
96.7
55 85 80 81.7
88.3
45
96.7 81.7 98.3
Frequencydistribution
Fig.1: Graphical representation of respondents
Performance in Yoga activities.
From the above graph it was observed that students of
government school (96.7%) had more knowledge about yoga
in comparison to student of private school (83.3%), the
students of government school (55%) had more knowledge
about yoga position in comparison to student of private school
(45%), the ways of doing yoga simple and clear understand
the students of Private school (96.7%) comparison the students
of government school (85%), the students of private school
(81.7%) accepted that yoga is comfortable than the jogging in
comparison to student of government school (80%), the
students of private school (98.3%) had more participation in
yoga in comparison to student of government school (81.7%).
Fig.2: Graphical representation of respondents
Performance in Horse riding.
From the above graph it was observed that students of
private school (40%) had more knowledge about horse riding
in comparison to student of government school (31.7%), the
students of private school (35%) had more knowledge about
cost of horse riding in comparison to student of government
school (1.7%), knowledge about breed of horses only the
students of Private school (21.7%), the students of government
school (6.7%) accepted that horse riding is pay attention to
physical fitness in comparison to student of private school
(3.3%).
83.393.386.6
71.6
9096.7
91.7
96.793.3 95
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
FrequencyDistribution
Govt. school
Private school
Fig.3: Graphical representation of respondents
Performance in Sport activities.
From the above graph it was observed that students of
private school (96.7%) had more participation in sports
activities in comparison to student of government school
(83.3%), the students of government school (93.3%) accepted
sport activities more interesting in comparison to student of
private school (91.7%), given the free period for sport
activities in the students of Private school (96.7%)
comparison the students of government school (86.6%), the
students of private school (93.3%) know about the how many
players in cricket in comparison to student of government
school (71.6%), the students of private school (95%) accepted
that sports activities releasing negative energy in comparison
to student of government school (90%).
3. International Journal of Technical Research and Applications e-ISSN: 2320-8163,
www.ijtra.com Volume 2, Issue 6 (Nov-Dec 2014), PP. 08-11
10 | P a g e
0
20
40
60
80
100 90 85
40
58.3
95 100
61.7
93.3
FrequencyDistribution
Govt
.
sc…
Fig.4: Graphical representation of respondents
Performance in Indoor/Outdoor games.
From the above graph it was observed that students of
private school (95%) had more play indoor/outdoor activities
in comparison to student of government school (90%), the
students of private school (100%) accepted outdoor activities
more interested than indoor activities in comparison to student
of government school (85%), the students of Private school
(61.7%) accepted indoor activities more comfortable than
outdoor activities comparison the students of government
school (40%), the students of private school (93.3%) accepted
that indoor/outdoor activities increase cognitive skills in
comparison to student of government school (58.3).
Fig.5: Graphical representation of respondents
Performance in Dance activities.
From the above graph it was observed that students
of private school (86.7%) had more prefer dance in
comparison to student of government school (56.7%), the
students of private school (76.7%) accepted become extra
dance classes in comparison to student of government school
(48.3%), the students of Private school (58.3%) had more
knowledge about classical dance comparison the students of
government school (46.7%), the students of private school
(50%) know about western dance in comparison to student of
government school (36.7%), the students of private school
(85%) accepted that dance classes conducted by expert in
comparison to student of government school (53.3%).
Fig.6: Graphical representation of respondents
Performance in Music.
From the above graph it was observed that students of
private school (71.7%) had more knowledge about vocal
music in comparison to student of government school
(43.3%), the students of private school (96.7%) knowledge
about instrumental music in comparison to student of
government school (85%), vocal music classes done the
students of Private school (75%) comparison the students of
government school (63.3%), the students of private school
(76.7%) accepted that musical expert provide in class in
comparison to student of government school (71.7%), the
students of government school (61.7%) prefer folk music in
comparison to student of private school (43.3%).
Table 1: comparison between the extracurricular ability
perform in Different Age Group.
S.n
o.
Extracurric
ular
activities
Age Group of Students t-
Tes
t
P
val
ue
13-14 15-16
Me
an
SD Me
an
SD
1. Yoga 9.04 .89
1
9.06 .92
9
.29
3
.589
2. Horse
riding
5.68 1.1
34
6.38 1.3
10
1.7
12
.193
3. Sports
activities
9.10 .70
4
8.75 .93
1
2.5
70
.112
4. Indoor/Out
door games
5.63 .62
4
5.44 .96
4
6.4
86
.012
5. Dance 8.03 1.5
29
7.75 1.3
90
.40
9
.524
6. Music 8.40 1.0
23
8.75 1.1
25
.00
3
.956
(p<0.05, not significant)
The above table.1 shows that higher mean value of
13 to 14 age group of students in Sports activities (9.10),
4. International Journal of Technical Research and Applications e-ISSN: 2320-8163,
www.ijtra.com Volume 2, Issue 6 (Nov-Dec 2014), PP. 08-11
11 | P a g e
followed by 15 to 16 age range mean value (8.75) and the low
mean value 13 to 14 age group students in Indoor/Outdoor
games (5.63) followed by 15 to 16 age range mean value
(5.44).
There are no significant differences between age
group of 13 to 14 and 15 to 16 for participation in
extracurricular activities like:- Yoga, Horse riding, Sports
activities, Dance and Music. There are only significant
differences found between the age group of students in 13 to
14 and 15 to 16 for participation in Indoor/Outdoor games at
the 0.05 level.
This means age group was not effects of children
performance in different extracurricular activities. It is clear
that a significant difference was not found in the performance
of children in extracurricular activities like- Yoga, Horse
riding, Sport activities, Dance and Music.
IV. CONCLUSION
From the above result it was concluded that the mostly
students perform in different extracurricular activities.
Majority (100%) of respondents were accepted the Outdoor
activities are more interested and Most (1.7%) of the
respondents were not known that what the cost of horse riding.
It is clear that a significant difference was not found in the
performance of children in extracurricular activities in
different age group like- Yoga, Horse riding, Sport activities,
Dance and Music. Extracurricular activity is a part of
student’s everyday life. They play important roles in student’s
lives. They have positive effects on student’s lives by
improving behavior, school performance, school completion,
positive aspects to make successful adults, and social aspects.
As teachers, we need to be aware of the effects that
extracurricular activities have on education.
Participation in game has a negative impact on the total
number of extracurricular activities that students participate in,
but all other extracurricular activities have a positive
correlation with the number of extracurricular activities that is
participated in.
The advice for the Secondary education system, and other
education systems that currently lack extracurricular activities,
would be that extracurricular activities allow students to
broaden their regular curriculum, and pursue activities that to
create a positive atmosphere in school. According to Annu
Private-school students are more likely to have college
ambitions and come from high-socioeconomic status families
[15]
. It can be also concluded from the study of Singh Annu
that the students of Private schools are more participated in
extracurricular activities than students of Government school
[16]
.
REFERENCES
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