This document discusses trends and issues in special education. It outlines the main trends as least restrictive environment (LRE), segregation, integration, mainstreaming, and inclusive education. It defines each trend and describes issues like segregation violating laws requiring students with disabilities be educated alongside peers without disabilities. The document also covers benefits of inclusion for students with disabilities, their families, and society, as well as challenges like difficult classroom management and need for individualized support.

2. TRENDS & ISSUES
IN SPECIAL
EDUCATION
Cc= 672

3. Trends
A trend is what's popular at a certain point in
time. While a trend usually refers to a certain style
in fashion or entertainment. A trend simply reflects
what seems to be going around at any given time.
A trend can be in any area and doesn't only reflect
fashion, pop culture and entertainment.

4. ISSUES
An important topic or problem for
debate or discussion.
Something that people are talking
about or thinking about etc.

5. Trends & Issues
Following are the main trends & issues in
this era:
1. Lest Restrictive Environment (LRE)
2. Segregation
3. Integration
4. Mainstreaming
5. Inclusive Education

6. Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)
Educational setting which maximize the students
opportunity to respond and achieve, permits the
regular education teacher to interacts opportunity
with all the students in the class room and foster
acceptable social relations between non-
handicapped and handicapped students.
The least restrictive environment was seen as the
environment which least restricts the interaction of
students with their non-disabled peers.

7. Mainstreaming
It is the education of handicap students in
regular classroom with assistance from special
education resource teacher.
The sequential instructional and social
integration of eligible exceptional children with
normal peers based on an ongoing individually
determined educational planning programming
process & requires classification of responsibility
among regular and special education administrative,
instructional and supportive personnel.

9. Conti . . . .
Mainstreaming has been used to refer to
the selective placement of special education
students in or more “regular” education
classes. Advocates of mainstreaming generally
assume that a student must “earn” his or her
opportunity to be placed in regular classes by
demonstrating an ability to “Keep up” with the
work assigned by the regular classroom
teacher.

11. Segregation
The Individual with Disabilities Act (IDEA)
requires that students with disabilities be
educated to the maximum extent possible
with students who do not have disabilities.
However, many students within our
community remain segregated in self-
contained classrooms in separate schools,
with limited or no opportunities to participate
academically and socially in general education
classroom & school activities.

12. Integration
Integrated education means to bring the
special or exceptional children in the school of
a general education system to study with their
peers but having no extra equipment, tools
and teachers. Integrated education essentially
follows the medical model of disability which
sees the child as a problem and demands that
the child is changed or rehabilitated to fit the
system.

13. Process
The child with disabilities is integrated into the
classroom such that they work with the same
content and materials (though not necessarily
expected to learn the same level of skills).
Types of integration are as under:
• Physical Integration
• Social Integration
• Pedagogical Integration

14. Inclusive Education
An inclusive education is a place
where every one belongs, expected,
supports and is supported by his or
her peers and other members of the
school community in the course of
having his or her educational needs
met.

15. Inclusive Education means a
learning environment that promotes
the full personal, academic and
professional development of all
learners irrespective of race, class,
gender, disability, religion, culture,
learning, style and language.

16. Inclusive Education allows every individual
to feel respect, confidence and safe to develop
his/her potentials by availing equal
opportunities & rights of education regardless
his/her disability, race, color, religion, social,
cultural, ethnic or economic differences. The
purpose is to provide the full potential and
abilities to the maximum.

17. Essentials of I.E
(a) Adaptation:
In Curriculum, physical and social
environment of the school.
(b) Consultation:
With the administrative and the teaching
staff of the school, the parents, General
Education Teacher, Special Education Teacher
and the Resource Teacher.
(c) Collaboration: School Administration and
Management, parents and the Professionals.

21. Merits of
inclusion for PWDs
Part of their community
Peers serve as role models
Peers provide a reason to communicate
Provides opportunities to develop
neighborhood friends

22. Benefits For family
• Changes in behavior
• Acceptance
• Discovery of other parents
• Feel a association with other families
• Share common experiences

23. Benefits for
society
• Promotes the civil rights of all individuals
• Support the social value of equality
• Teaches socialization
• Prevents from negative social behavior

24. Demerits
• It is very challenging for a teacher to manage
all type of disabilities in a single classroom and
difficult to provide relevant intervention to
special need children in a regular setting.
• Special children need individualized education
plan and program and in a regular classroom
which is very difficult to manage in a regular
class.

25. Conti . . . .
• Special children need multi-professionals services for
different therapies and in a normal classroom. it is
really a challenge to manage all this.
• Inclusive education requires lots of resources and
infra-structure. It needs proper physical structure
and least restricted environment for all the students.
But most of our school buildings are not designed
such so that all the students with disabilities such as
mobility and orientation can reach or move into
these buildings.

26. Questions ?