This document discusses extending depth of field (DOF) in photographs using Photoshop CS4's Auto-Align Layers and Auto-Blend Layers commands. It begins by explaining that close-up macro photography makes extending DOF challenging due to the shallow DOF. The document then provides instructions for using the Auto-Align Layers and Auto-Blend Layers commands to blend multiple photographs taken at different focal distances into a single image with increased DOF. It notes some challenges with the technique and concludes by stating it is an exciting new way to extend DOF beyond what is possible with a single photo.
The document discusses macro photography techniques. It provides tips for macro photographers, including choosing the best lens, using extension tubes or diopters to focus closer, controlling depth of field with apertures, blending flash with ambient light, using a third hand for positioning subjects, fine-tuning compositions, considering the point of focus, checking the LCD panel, taking advantage of raindrops, and creating a macro collage and exhibition.
This document contains a student's portfolio and notes on macro photography. It includes the student's thoughts on various portrait, landscape, and macro photos they have taken. It also summarizes techniques for macro photography shared by photographer Heather Angel, such as using different lenses, extension tubes, and flash. The student outlines plans for an exhibition titled "Spectrum of Small Life" showcasing their macro photos and discusses the equipment needed for macro photography, including a camera, tripod, SD card, and macro lens.
The document discusses various photographic terminology including shutter speed, ISO, aperture, depth of field, white balance, and the rule of thirds. Shutter speed refers to how long the camera shutter is open and affects motion blur and exposure. ISO affects the camera's sensitivity to light. Aperture size affects depth of field and the amount of light entering the lens. The rule of thirds is a compositional technique that imagines dividing the frame into a 3x3 grid.
Sikes Digital photography 1 week 2 exposure (57 slides)jannasikes
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This document discusses the exposure triangle concept in digital photography, which involves the relationship between aperture, shutter speed, and ISO. It explains that aperture controls the size of the lens opening, shutter speed determines exposure time, and ISO measures the camera sensor's light sensitivity. The three elements are interrelated - changing one requires adjustment of another for proper exposure. The document provides examples of settings for different lighting conditions and topics like depth of field and motion blur. Referring to one's camera manual is important for fully understanding creative modes.
Fireworks photography involves long exposure photography to capture fireworks displays at night. Long exposures require keeping the camera very still on a tripod, as any movement will cause blurring. Estimating the exposure time to capture the exact moment a firework bursts can be achieved using bulb mode. Multiple exposures can also be used to combine images of fireworks taken at different exposure times into a single image.
The document defines key photography terminology including:
- Shutter speed, which controls exposure time and is used to blur motion or freeze action.
- ISO, which measures the camera sensor's light sensitivity, with lower numbers being less sensitive.
- Aperture and depth of field, where smaller apertures give greater depth of field but less is in focus.
- Automatic and manual exposure modes that control how the camera sets exposure.
- Other terms like colour balance, composition, the rule of thirds, complementary and analogous colours, and macro photography.
The document defines key photography terminology including shutter speed, ISO, aperture, depth of field, automatic exposure, manual exposure, color balance, composition, rule of thirds, complementary colors, analogous colors, and macro photography. Shutter speed determines exposure time, ISO measures light sensitivity, and aperture controls depth of field. Automatic exposure lets the camera adjust settings while manual exposure allows photographer control. Composition and rule of thirds guide image arrangement. Color balance, complementary colors, and analogous colors relate to color theory. Macro photography captures extreme close-ups.
The document discusses macro photography techniques. It provides tips for macro photographers, including choosing the best lens, using extension tubes or diopters to focus closer, controlling depth of field with apertures, blending flash with ambient light, using a third hand for positioning subjects, fine-tuning compositions, considering the point of focus, checking the LCD panel, taking advantage of raindrops, and creating a macro collage and exhibition.
This document contains a student's portfolio and notes on macro photography. It includes the student's thoughts on various portrait, landscape, and macro photos they have taken. It also summarizes techniques for macro photography shared by photographer Heather Angel, such as using different lenses, extension tubes, and flash. The student outlines plans for an exhibition titled "Spectrum of Small Life" showcasing their macro photos and discusses the equipment needed for macro photography, including a camera, tripod, SD card, and macro lens.
The document discusses various photographic terminology including shutter speed, ISO, aperture, depth of field, white balance, and the rule of thirds. Shutter speed refers to how long the camera shutter is open and affects motion blur and exposure. ISO affects the camera's sensitivity to light. Aperture size affects depth of field and the amount of light entering the lens. The rule of thirds is a compositional technique that imagines dividing the frame into a 3x3 grid.
Sikes Digital photography 1 week 2 exposure (57 slides)jannasikes
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This document discusses the exposure triangle concept in digital photography, which involves the relationship between aperture, shutter speed, and ISO. It explains that aperture controls the size of the lens opening, shutter speed determines exposure time, and ISO measures the camera sensor's light sensitivity. The three elements are interrelated - changing one requires adjustment of another for proper exposure. The document provides examples of settings for different lighting conditions and topics like depth of field and motion blur. Referring to one's camera manual is important for fully understanding creative modes.
Fireworks photography involves long exposure photography to capture fireworks displays at night. Long exposures require keeping the camera very still on a tripod, as any movement will cause blurring. Estimating the exposure time to capture the exact moment a firework bursts can be achieved using bulb mode. Multiple exposures can also be used to combine images of fireworks taken at different exposure times into a single image.
The document defines key photography terminology including:
- Shutter speed, which controls exposure time and is used to blur motion or freeze action.
- ISO, which measures the camera sensor's light sensitivity, with lower numbers being less sensitive.
- Aperture and depth of field, where smaller apertures give greater depth of field but less is in focus.
- Automatic and manual exposure modes that control how the camera sets exposure.
- Other terms like colour balance, composition, the rule of thirds, complementary and analogous colours, and macro photography.
The document defines key photography terminology including shutter speed, ISO, aperture, depth of field, automatic exposure, manual exposure, color balance, composition, rule of thirds, complementary colors, analogous colors, and macro photography. Shutter speed determines exposure time, ISO measures light sensitivity, and aperture controls depth of field. Automatic exposure lets the camera adjust settings while manual exposure allows photographer control. Composition and rule of thirds guide image arrangement. Color balance, complementary colors, and analogous colors relate to color theory. Macro photography captures extreme close-ups.
The document provides tips for outdoor and indoor portrait photography. For outdoor portraits, it recommends using a zoom lens between 50-100mm, large aperture such as f/4 or f/5.6, shutter speed of at least 1/125s to freeze movement, and single autofocus. It discusses choosing good outdoor locations and compositions using rule of thirds. For indoor portraits, it suggests using natural window light, reflectors, 85mm prime lens, wide apertures, higher ISO settings, focusing on the eyes, finding photogenic models, engaging with subjects, and basic post-processing tips.
The document discusses how apertures work in cameras and affect photographs. It explains that apertures control both depth of field and the amount of light reaching the sensor. A large aperture gives a shallow depth of field while a small aperture gives a deep depth of field. Apertures are measured in f-stops, with smaller numbers representing larger apertures that allow more light. Understanding how to use different aperture and shutter speed combinations is key to great photography.
The document provides information about night photography techniques. It discusses planning night shoots by scouting locations during the day and considering lighting conditions. Moonlight, flashlights, and torchlights can be used to illuminate subjects. Long exposures require a tripod, cable release, low ISO, and painting subjects with light sources. Trial and error is needed to get correct exposures. Essential gear includes a camera with bulb mode, tripod, and light sources.
Photography involves capturing light with a camera. There are two main types of cameras - compact point-and-shoot cameras and SLR cameras. SLR cameras allow more manual control and produce higher quality photos. Key factors that impact a photo include aperture, shutter speed, ISO, zoom, focus, lighting, composition techniques like rule of thirds, and ensuring photos are properly exposed. Photography requires an understanding of how different settings affect light and depth of field.
Shutter speed determines how long the camera shutter is open when capturing an image. Faster shutter speeds are used in bright light and slower speeds are used in low light. ISO controls the sensitivity of the image sensor, with higher ISO numbers producing brighter but grainier images. Aperture and depth of field are related - smaller f-stops produce more blurred backgrounds with a shallow depth of field, while larger f-stops produce less blurred backgrounds with a long depth of field. The rule of thirds is a compositional guideline where important elements are placed along imaginary lines or intersections rather than at the center of the frame. Manual exposure gives the photographer full control over shutter speed, aperture, and ISO settings.
The document discusses various settings that control the aperture, shutter speed, ISO, white balance, and other factors that determine the exposure and quality of a photograph. Aperture controls depth of field, with smaller numbers resulting in a shallower depth of field. Shutter speed controls motion blur, with faster speeds freezing motion. ISO makes the sensor more or less sensitive to light. Various tools can then be used in post-processing to adjust levels, curves, colors and exposure locally.
Focusing sharply attracts the eye to the point of interest. Depth of field extends about one-third in front of and two-thirds behind the plane of critical focus. There are three ways to control depth of field: aperture, focal length, and distance to subject. A smaller aperture, shorter focal length, or greater distance to the subject will increase depth of field. Zone focusing and focusing on the hyperfocal distance allow controlling depth of field without changing settings. Perspective shows depth through scale differences between foreground and background. Close-up photography requires a macro lens, extension tubes or bellows to increase the magnification ratio. Shallow depth of field requires careful focusing in close-ups.
The document discusses different types of cameras including DSLR, camcorder, film camera, and RED Epic cameras. It then discusses lenses including prime lenses, telephoto lenses, zoom lenses, wide angle lenses, and macro lenses. It also covers camera fundamentals such as focal length, aperture, shutter speed, ISO, depth of field, sensors, compression and codecs.
The document contains descriptions of 20 photographs taken by the author using various cameras, lenses, and settings. For each photo, details are provided about the camera, lens, aperture, shutter speed, ISO, lighting conditions, and compositional elements. The photos depict subjects like dogs, plants, urban landscapes, and water reflections. The author experimented with different depths of field, focal lengths, crops, and editing to achieve various artistic effects in capturing the essence of each subject.
This document provides 9 tips for macro photography. The tips include selecting macro mode on the camera, following composition rules like the rule of thirds, having a clear main subject with a non-cluttered background, using a tripod to avoid shakes, adjusting aperture and shutter speed based on the subject motion and desired depth of field, and fine tuning images in post-processing as macro photography requires precision. The overall tips are for setting up the camera, composing shots, and processing images to capture great close-up macro photographs.
The document discusses several key camera settings that impact photographs, including aperture, shutter speed, ISO, white balance, and post-processing techniques. It provides examples to illustrate the effects of different settings on depth of field, motion blur, image noise, color temperature, and tone. Specifically, smaller apertures increase depth of field while larger apertures create shallower depths of field. Faster shutter speeds freeze motion with less blur, while slower speeds allow for motion blur effects. Higher ISO settings increase light sensitivity but also image noise. White balance settings impact the overall color tone from cool/blue to warm/orange. Post-processing can refine images through cropping, levels/tones adjustments, and color modifications.
The document discusses various lighting instruments used in cinema and video production, including HMIs, tungsten lights, fluorescent lights, LEDs, and strobe lights. It also covers common lighting techniques such as key lighting, fill lighting, back lighting, side lighting, and bounce lighting that are used to create different moods and atmospheres. Soft and hard lighting, low key and high key lighting, and using ambient light are also summarized.
Shutter speed determines how long the camera's shutter is open when taking a photo, affecting how motion is captured. ISO measures the camera's sensitivity to light, with lower numbers producing higher quality in bright conditions and higher numbers needed for darker scenes. Aperture and depth of field refer to the size of the opening through which light enters the camera, affecting the area of the photo that is in focus. Macro photography captures objects at life-size or larger magnification for close-up detail.
This document provides 10 tips for improving flash photography. It discusses using flash to smooth lighting transitions, flash sync speed limits, types of constant lights, strobes and speedlights, batteries for speedlights, avoiding broken battery doors, diffusing flash with softboxes or bouncing it off ceilings, using gels to add color, pop-up flash guidelines, increasing ISO for indoor backgrounds, and swiveling speedlights to bounce light off walls.
Joshua Paice lists several technical skills including a Canon DSLR camera, Manfrotto tripod, Sennheisser microphone, Zoom sound recorder, flashgun, infrared trigger, pop-up studio, 3-point lighting, reflectors, color gels, Photoshop, and WIX. These skills and equipment will allow him to take professional photographs, record high-quality audio, and create an appealing website and magazine to promote his teen thriller film trailer. Some limitations include battery-powered equipment, only having access to certain items, and software issues like crashing or overwriting files.
Aperture, Shutter Speed and Depth of Field Arin Kheder
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The document introduces aperture, depth of field, and shutter speed as they relate to photography. It explains that aperture is the size of the lens opening and controls the amount of light entering the camera. A larger aperture admits more light and results in a shallower depth of field where only the subject is in focus. A smaller aperture admits less light and produces a larger depth of field where the subject and surrounding areas are in focus. Shutter speed determines how long the camera sensor is exposed to light and must be adjusted based on lighting conditions to avoid under or overexposure. Aperture, depth of field, and shutter speed all interact to control the exposure of the photo.
The document provides an overview of flash photography, including:
- Why flash is used, such as to freeze motion or fill in shadows
- Guide numbers and how they relate aperture, distance, and power output
- Flash duration and how adjusting duration rather than power can affect exposure
- Inverse square law and how light intensity falls off with distance
- Types of flashes such as manual, TTL, monolight, and stroboscopic
- Light modifiers like reflectors, snoots, umbrellas, and soft boxes
- Flash accessories including sync cords that trigger the flash
The document discusses key concepts related to focal length, aperture, and depth of field in photography. It begins by defining focal length as the distance from the secondary principal point to the rear focal point of a lens. It then covers common focal length ranges for wide angle, normal, short telephoto, and long telephoto lenses. The document also defines aperture in terms of f-stops and explains how smaller f-stop numbers allow more light in while larger f-stop numbers allow less light. Finally, it discusses depth of field, including how shallower depths of field can be achieved with larger aperture openings while deeper depths of field require smaller apertures. Examples and diagrams are provided to illustrate these core photographic concepts.
This document provides an introduction to photographic exposure. It explains that exposure is determined by the combination of shutter speed, aperture, ISO, and light. It discusses how shutter speed, aperture, and ISO are measured in stops and how changing one setting by one stop requires an opposite change in another setting to maintain proper exposure. It provides examples of how equivalent exposures work and the relationship between shutter speed, aperture, and light levels.
This document provides an introduction to using CorelDRAW and GenMap software to create maps. It guides the reader through exercises to create a map in CorelDRAW using layers to import a base map and add field boundaries, roads, buildings and text. It then guides the creation of two maps in GenMap, one showing horse fair locations and another showing baptism locations, to demonstrate GenMap features. The tutorial is intended to provide basic experience using the software and directs the user to each program's help resources for more in-depth information.
The document provides tips for outdoor and indoor portrait photography. For outdoor portraits, it recommends using a zoom lens between 50-100mm, large aperture such as f/4 or f/5.6, shutter speed of at least 1/125s to freeze movement, and single autofocus. It discusses choosing good outdoor locations and compositions using rule of thirds. For indoor portraits, it suggests using natural window light, reflectors, 85mm prime lens, wide apertures, higher ISO settings, focusing on the eyes, finding photogenic models, engaging with subjects, and basic post-processing tips.
The document discusses how apertures work in cameras and affect photographs. It explains that apertures control both depth of field and the amount of light reaching the sensor. A large aperture gives a shallow depth of field while a small aperture gives a deep depth of field. Apertures are measured in f-stops, with smaller numbers representing larger apertures that allow more light. Understanding how to use different aperture and shutter speed combinations is key to great photography.
The document provides information about night photography techniques. It discusses planning night shoots by scouting locations during the day and considering lighting conditions. Moonlight, flashlights, and torchlights can be used to illuminate subjects. Long exposures require a tripod, cable release, low ISO, and painting subjects with light sources. Trial and error is needed to get correct exposures. Essential gear includes a camera with bulb mode, tripod, and light sources.
Photography involves capturing light with a camera. There are two main types of cameras - compact point-and-shoot cameras and SLR cameras. SLR cameras allow more manual control and produce higher quality photos. Key factors that impact a photo include aperture, shutter speed, ISO, zoom, focus, lighting, composition techniques like rule of thirds, and ensuring photos are properly exposed. Photography requires an understanding of how different settings affect light and depth of field.
Shutter speed determines how long the camera shutter is open when capturing an image. Faster shutter speeds are used in bright light and slower speeds are used in low light. ISO controls the sensitivity of the image sensor, with higher ISO numbers producing brighter but grainier images. Aperture and depth of field are related - smaller f-stops produce more blurred backgrounds with a shallow depth of field, while larger f-stops produce less blurred backgrounds with a long depth of field. The rule of thirds is a compositional guideline where important elements are placed along imaginary lines or intersections rather than at the center of the frame. Manual exposure gives the photographer full control over shutter speed, aperture, and ISO settings.
The document discusses various settings that control the aperture, shutter speed, ISO, white balance, and other factors that determine the exposure and quality of a photograph. Aperture controls depth of field, with smaller numbers resulting in a shallower depth of field. Shutter speed controls motion blur, with faster speeds freezing motion. ISO makes the sensor more or less sensitive to light. Various tools can then be used in post-processing to adjust levels, curves, colors and exposure locally.
Focusing sharply attracts the eye to the point of interest. Depth of field extends about one-third in front of and two-thirds behind the plane of critical focus. There are three ways to control depth of field: aperture, focal length, and distance to subject. A smaller aperture, shorter focal length, or greater distance to the subject will increase depth of field. Zone focusing and focusing on the hyperfocal distance allow controlling depth of field without changing settings. Perspective shows depth through scale differences between foreground and background. Close-up photography requires a macro lens, extension tubes or bellows to increase the magnification ratio. Shallow depth of field requires careful focusing in close-ups.
The document discusses different types of cameras including DSLR, camcorder, film camera, and RED Epic cameras. It then discusses lenses including prime lenses, telephoto lenses, zoom lenses, wide angle lenses, and macro lenses. It also covers camera fundamentals such as focal length, aperture, shutter speed, ISO, depth of field, sensors, compression and codecs.
The document contains descriptions of 20 photographs taken by the author using various cameras, lenses, and settings. For each photo, details are provided about the camera, lens, aperture, shutter speed, ISO, lighting conditions, and compositional elements. The photos depict subjects like dogs, plants, urban landscapes, and water reflections. The author experimented with different depths of field, focal lengths, crops, and editing to achieve various artistic effects in capturing the essence of each subject.
This document provides 9 tips for macro photography. The tips include selecting macro mode on the camera, following composition rules like the rule of thirds, having a clear main subject with a non-cluttered background, using a tripod to avoid shakes, adjusting aperture and shutter speed based on the subject motion and desired depth of field, and fine tuning images in post-processing as macro photography requires precision. The overall tips are for setting up the camera, composing shots, and processing images to capture great close-up macro photographs.
The document discusses several key camera settings that impact photographs, including aperture, shutter speed, ISO, white balance, and post-processing techniques. It provides examples to illustrate the effects of different settings on depth of field, motion blur, image noise, color temperature, and tone. Specifically, smaller apertures increase depth of field while larger apertures create shallower depths of field. Faster shutter speeds freeze motion with less blur, while slower speeds allow for motion blur effects. Higher ISO settings increase light sensitivity but also image noise. White balance settings impact the overall color tone from cool/blue to warm/orange. Post-processing can refine images through cropping, levels/tones adjustments, and color modifications.
The document discusses various lighting instruments used in cinema and video production, including HMIs, tungsten lights, fluorescent lights, LEDs, and strobe lights. It also covers common lighting techniques such as key lighting, fill lighting, back lighting, side lighting, and bounce lighting that are used to create different moods and atmospheres. Soft and hard lighting, low key and high key lighting, and using ambient light are also summarized.
Shutter speed determines how long the camera's shutter is open when taking a photo, affecting how motion is captured. ISO measures the camera's sensitivity to light, with lower numbers producing higher quality in bright conditions and higher numbers needed for darker scenes. Aperture and depth of field refer to the size of the opening through which light enters the camera, affecting the area of the photo that is in focus. Macro photography captures objects at life-size or larger magnification for close-up detail.
This document provides 10 tips for improving flash photography. It discusses using flash to smooth lighting transitions, flash sync speed limits, types of constant lights, strobes and speedlights, batteries for speedlights, avoiding broken battery doors, diffusing flash with softboxes or bouncing it off ceilings, using gels to add color, pop-up flash guidelines, increasing ISO for indoor backgrounds, and swiveling speedlights to bounce light off walls.
Joshua Paice lists several technical skills including a Canon DSLR camera, Manfrotto tripod, Sennheisser microphone, Zoom sound recorder, flashgun, infrared trigger, pop-up studio, 3-point lighting, reflectors, color gels, Photoshop, and WIX. These skills and equipment will allow him to take professional photographs, record high-quality audio, and create an appealing website and magazine to promote his teen thriller film trailer. Some limitations include battery-powered equipment, only having access to certain items, and software issues like crashing or overwriting files.
Aperture, Shutter Speed and Depth of Field Arin Kheder
Â
The document introduces aperture, depth of field, and shutter speed as they relate to photography. It explains that aperture is the size of the lens opening and controls the amount of light entering the camera. A larger aperture admits more light and results in a shallower depth of field where only the subject is in focus. A smaller aperture admits less light and produces a larger depth of field where the subject and surrounding areas are in focus. Shutter speed determines how long the camera sensor is exposed to light and must be adjusted based on lighting conditions to avoid under or overexposure. Aperture, depth of field, and shutter speed all interact to control the exposure of the photo.
The document provides an overview of flash photography, including:
- Why flash is used, such as to freeze motion or fill in shadows
- Guide numbers and how they relate aperture, distance, and power output
- Flash duration and how adjusting duration rather than power can affect exposure
- Inverse square law and how light intensity falls off with distance
- Types of flashes such as manual, TTL, monolight, and stroboscopic
- Light modifiers like reflectors, snoots, umbrellas, and soft boxes
- Flash accessories including sync cords that trigger the flash
The document discusses key concepts related to focal length, aperture, and depth of field in photography. It begins by defining focal length as the distance from the secondary principal point to the rear focal point of a lens. It then covers common focal length ranges for wide angle, normal, short telephoto, and long telephoto lenses. The document also defines aperture in terms of f-stops and explains how smaller f-stop numbers allow more light in while larger f-stop numbers allow less light. Finally, it discusses depth of field, including how shallower depths of field can be achieved with larger aperture openings while deeper depths of field require smaller apertures. Examples and diagrams are provided to illustrate these core photographic concepts.
This document provides an introduction to photographic exposure. It explains that exposure is determined by the combination of shutter speed, aperture, ISO, and light. It discusses how shutter speed, aperture, and ISO are measured in stops and how changing one setting by one stop requires an opposite change in another setting to maintain proper exposure. It provides examples of how equivalent exposures work and the relationship between shutter speed, aperture, and light levels.
This document provides an introduction to using CorelDRAW and GenMap software to create maps. It guides the reader through exercises to create a map in CorelDRAW using layers to import a base map and add field boundaries, roads, buildings and text. It then guides the creation of two maps in GenMap, one showing horse fair locations and another showing baptism locations, to demonstrate GenMap features. The tutorial is intended to provide basic experience using the software and directs the user to each program's help resources for more in-depth information.
This homework assignment covers basic Unix and Perl skills. Students are instructed to:
1) Install Linux if they don't already have it and familiarize themselves with basic Unix commands through tutorials.
2) Learn important Unix text processing tools like grep, cut, sort, and pipes. Students are given example commands to run on E. coli genome data and explain what each command does.
3) Submit their responses to the tutorial questions and command explanations for grading.
The Craft ROBO CC200-20 is a small cutting plotter introduced by Graphtec Corp. It has increased cutting force over the previous CC100-20 model, allowing it to cut a wider variety of materials. It also has enhanced software with new features and supports 11 languages. The CC200-20 is targeted towards consumers and small businesses for applications like paper crafts, vinyl signs, heat transfers and more. It has a maximum cutting area of 200x1000mm and can precisely cut materials printed using its registration mark sensing system.
This document describes creating an open blog feature for a wiki application built with PHP. An open blog allows any user to publicly post and discuss topics. It outlines designing the blog database table, basic features like posting and commenting, and integrating the blog into the existing wiki application. The tutorial assumes completion of previous parts that implemented the core wiki, file uploads, user permissions, and task management.
Opportunities with mobile applications from Wireless ExpertiseAnuj R KHANNA
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Mobile applications are software designed for smartphones and other mobile devices. The global market for mobile applications is large and growing rapidly, projected to generate $25 billion in revenues by 2014. There are opportunities for businesses to use mobile applications to cut costs, acquire new customers, improve customer relationship management and marketing, and create new sales channels. Creating a successful mobile application requires defining the target market, developing a differentiated product strategy, choosing an effective business model, partnering with technical and marketing experts, and implementing an integrated marketing and distribution strategy.
Alfredo PUMEX provides a pluggable extension mechanism for customizing the SugarCRM Users module without modifying core files. It makes extensive use of jQuery and Alfredo Patch to dynamically extend the Users module functionality. Template files and JavaScript are used to augment views, while a globbing mechanism loads custom PHP scripts on relevant actions. This allows per-user customizations to be added in a modular way without touching the original Users code. The document provides an example of refactoring the YAAI module to use this approach instead of overwriting core files.
The document provides an overview of useful PHP functions for including files, validating user input, and creating custom functions. It discusses the include() and require() functions for including external files. It also demonstrates how to validate user input using functions like strlen(), ereg(), and regular expressions. Finally, it shows how to create custom functions to encapsulate repeated blocks of code and handle errors gracefully.
The document discusses several topics related to water management and climate change including:
1) Fresh water is a limited renewable resource facing increasing demands from population growth, economic development, and climate change.
2) Agriculture accounts for approximately 70% of global water consumption and climate change is impacting agricultural productivity.
3) Lifestyle and consumption choices can significantly reduce individual and societal water footprints, such as adopting diets with lower virtual water content.
This document provides instructions for Laboratory Assignment 2 for the course CMPE 118/218 Introduction to Mechatronics. The assignment involves designing, building, and programming a simple motorized platform using SolidWorks, CorelDraw, and a laser cutter. Students must complete three parts: 1) designing the platform components in CAD software; 2) cutting out parts from foamcore and MDF using the laser cutter; and 3) building a working detector circuit to control the motors.
Microformats are simple conventions for embedding semantics in HTML to enable decentralized development. They are designed for humans first and machines second, using existing HTML standards. Common microformats include hCard for contact information, hCalendar for events, and rel-license for indicating content licenses. Tools like Firefox extensions can consume microformats, and sites like Flickr and Meetup.com use microformats to share information in a structured way. Developers can also build their own applications using microformats.
This document provides a tutorial for creating a content management system (CMS) using InterAKT Online tools. The tutorial will guide the creation of:
1. Front-end pages for browsing articles, including a navigation menu, article lists, and individual article pages.
2. Back-end pages for managing articles from an administration area, including listing, adding, editing and deleting articles.
Pages will be built using MX Kollection features like MX Includes, NeXTensio, and MX User Login. The CMS will allow creating, updating, deleting articles and auto-archiving old articles. Completing the tutorial is estimated to take 80-100 minutes and provides an introduction to building a
This document provides an overview of several online tools and methods for determining linkage disequilibrium, haplotype analysis, and tagSNP selection using SeattleSNPs genotype data. It describes how to use Visual Genotype (VG2) and Visual Haplotype (VH1) on the SeattleSNPs website to visualize genotypes, linkage disequilibrium, and haplotypes for genes of interest. It also explains how to use LDSelect, HaploBlockFinder, Haploview, and LDSelect Perl code to select tagSNPs that efficiently represent patterns of linkage disequilibrium within a region. The document guides users through examples analyzing the MCP and CRP genes to familiarize them with the capabilities of these
PHP-GTK allows developers to create desktop applications using PHP and the GTK+ toolkit. It provides language bindings that allow PHP code to interface with GTK+ classes. The presentation demonstrated several PHP-GTK applications, including a simple text editor called pedit. It also discussed challenges with PHP-GTK like its portability and PHP's performance for desktop applications. Future directions may include PHP-GTK 2 and using alternative virtual machines like Parrot to improve speed.
The document is a Photoshop tutorial that provides instructions for creating easy icicles in 4 steps. It begins with creating a white circle on a black background, then using the extrude and polar coordinates filters to shape the circle into an icicle form. Finally, it describes changing the color to blue. The tutorial includes example images to demonstrate the steps.
This document discusses using Photoshop CS4's Auto-Align Layers and Auto-Blend Layers commands to extend depth of field by stacking multiple photographs. Taking the photos can be challenging, as macro subjects like flowers move in the wind. The author took several sets of photos to increase chances of success. Extending photographic depth of field and using a macro focus rail can help, but aligning and blending layers is imperfect and extending depth of field this way is not foolproof.
The document discusses tools and standards for improving interoperability between systems exchanging information. It describes an approach using open standards like XML, XSD and CAM to generate documentation and test cases from an XSD schema to create an "Information Exchange Package" for validating interoperability. The tutorial explains how to use the jCAM editor to ingest an XSD schema, document exchange patterns by creating a "want list", generate a subset XSD and test cases, and run conformance testing to verify interoperability.
The document discusses macro photography and provides tips for taking close-up photos with different types of cameras. It explains that macro photography involves capturing subjects at a life-size ratio or larger, while compact cameras are generally only capable of close-up photography. Using a macro lens designed for close focusing distances or accessories like extension tubes and close-up lenses can enable macro capabilities. Proper lighting, composition, aperture settings, and camera stability are also important to produce quality close-up shots.
The document discusses controlling apertures in digital photography. It explains that the aperture, expressed in f-stops, controls how much light enters the camera. Smaller f-stop numbers mean larger apertures that allow more light. The sequence of f-stops doubles the exposure with each step. Aperture also controls depth of field, with smaller apertures resulting in more of the image appearing in focus. The document provides examples comparing shots taken at different f-stops and discusses when a shallow or deep depth of field might be preferable.
The document provides guidance on photography skills, specifically around depth of field and the rule of thirds composition technique.
[1] Depth of field depends on aperture and subject distance - wider apertures and closer subjects produce shallower depths of field, while smaller apertures increase depth of field. Telephoto lenses typically have shallower depths of field compared to wide angles.
[2] The rule of thirds involves dividing the frame into thirds, both horizontally and vertically, creating power points where the lines intersect. Placing subjects along these lines or points can create more balanced and appealing compositions.
[3] Tips are provided for applying the rule of thirds, such as placing
Close up photography involves taking photos of small subjects using a macro lens or other special equipment. It requires paying attention to lighting, composition, and depth of field since these elements are more challenging at close focusing distances. Both DSLR cameras with macro lenses and point-and-shoot cameras have macro modes that allow shooting subjects as close as a few inches away. Proper equipment and techniques help take close up photos that highlight interesting details rather than just snapshots.
2. [pro forma] camera getting started guide(4)EPAYNE52
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The document provides information about the darkroom process and equipment used for developing photographic film. It explains that a darkroom is a dark workspace used to process light-sensitive film and paper. It then describes the main chemicals used - developer, stop bath, fixer, and hypo clear - and their purposes in the developing process. Finally, it outlines some common pieces of darkroom equipment including tanks, reels, measuring cylinders, enlargers, safelights, and timers.
This document provides an overview of the three major variables that control exposure in photography: shutter speed, aperture, and ISO. It discusses how each setting impacts the amount of light entering the camera and defines key terminology like f-stops and ISO ratings. The document also offers guidelines for when to adjust each setting, such as using faster shutter speeds for action shots or lower ISO settings for better image quality. Overall, the document serves as a beginner's guide to understanding the fundamentals of exposure.
The document provides tips for basic photography. It discusses the importance of composition, exposure, lens, and light. For composition, it recommends uncluttering the frame, placing the subject off-center, using lines and frames to guide the eye, and capturing from unexpected angles. For exposure, it discusses aperture, shutter speed, and ISO settings and how they impact motion, depth of field, and light levels. It also provides principles and rules of thumb for using different lenses and lighting techniques.
This document provides an overview of lens fundamentals and creative techniques for photographers using DSLR cameras. It explains focal length and how different lenses can include wider or narrower views. Aperture is discussed, including how wide apertures allow faster shutter speeds for low light or action shots, while small apertures enable slow shutter speeds for blurring movement. Depth of field is covered, specifically how focal length, aperture, and focus distance impact the area of the image that appears sharp versus blurred. The guide aims to help photographers better understand and control their lenses to take more creative photos.
The document provides an in-depth guide to understanding exposure through the exposure triangle of aperture, shutter speed, and ISO. It begins by explaining the exposure triangle and how the three elements work together to control the amount of light captured in an image. It then focuses on aperture, explaining that aperture refers to the opening of the lens and is measured in f-stops, with larger f-stops letting in more light. Aperture affects both exposure and depth of field, with shallower depths of field achieved at larger apertures. The document next moves to discussing ISO and how it relates to the light sensitivity of the camera's sensor.
The document provides information on various elements of photography including f-stops, shutter speeds, camera modes like portrait and landscape, composition techniques like the rule of thirds, leading lines, depth of field, texture, patterns, symmetry, perspective, telling a story, bracketing shots, and what makes a good photo with qualities like clarity, contrast, composition, and significance. It discusses factors that impact the amount of light entering the camera like aperture size and shutter speed duration. It also explains different camera modes and how they optimize settings for different types of scenes and subjects.
IG4 Task 4 // Photography Terminology Work Sheetemilyaldredd
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Photographic terminology is defined, including:
Shutter speed, which controls the length of time the camera lens is exposed to light. Longer exposures are needed for dark subjects while shorter exposures work better for bright subjects.
ISO, which controls the amount of light let into the lens and can affect white balance. Higher ISO settings let in more light for darker subjects.
Aperture and depth of field, where aperture controls the amount of light through adjustment of the lens opening. This affects depth of field, or what is in or out of focus in an image.
Manual exposure allows the user to set shutter speed, ISO, aperture, and other settings, while automatic exposure uses default camera settings that
This document provides an introduction to macro photography. It discusses defining macro photography as photos where the subject is magnified to life size or 1:1 ratio on film. It recommends equipment for macro photography like DSLR cameras, macro lenses that achieve 1:1 magnification, extension tubes, flash, and a tripod. The document covers techniques for macro photography like controlling depth of field and using flash to compensate for low light levels up close. It emphasizes learning about subjects and preparing before shoots to get the best macro photos.
Lesson One Know Your Camera
Learn about your camera before taking your haunt pictures
http://www.flickr.com/photos/glennmcknight/sets/72157624209874428/
The document discusses the fundamentals of aperture, shutter speed, and ISO as the three elements that determine exposure in photography, known as the exposure triangle. It provides examples of how different settings for each element affect the amount of light captured and qualities like depth of field and motion blur. Readers are then assigned photography exercises to apply their understanding by manually adjusting the settings for different types of photos.
The document provides an overview of the basics of shooting photography, including composition techniques like the rule of thirds. It discusses key camera functions such as shutter speed, ISO, aperture, and how they affect the photograph. Shutter speed controls motion blur, ISO adjusts light sensitivity, and aperture sets depth of field. Examples are given of different shutter speeds, apertures, and their effects. Composition is highlighted as extremely important for good photographs.
This document discusses various photography techniques and concepts. It begins with 10 questions photographers should ask themselves to improve composition. It then discusses identifying the visual focal point, competing focal points, and elements in the foreground and background. The document also covers questions about distance, lighting, framing, perspective, and camera format. It provides lessons on shutter speed, aperture, depth of field, ISO, white balance, autofocus modes, and framing. The overall message is that photographers should consider various technical and compositional factors to improve their photos.
This document provides tips for taking good photos and video at Halloween Horror Nights in low-light conditions. It recommends using a DSLR or mirrorless camera with a fast prime lens (f/1.4 or lower) for optimal low-light performance. Some key techniques discussed are shooting in RAW format, using flash creatively, choosing an appropriate high ISO setting, and balancing shutter speed and aperture to freeze or blur subject movement as desired. The document also compares DSLRs and mirrorless cameras, noting their relative advantages and suitable uses for casual versus professional photographers.
A basic view of fundamentals of lens in photography. Discusses various aspects of lens, types of lens and which lens suitable for various photography moments. Hope you find it useful
This document provides a help and tutorial for TopStyle Pro version 3.11. It covers getting started with TopStyle, editing style sheets and HTML/XHTML, working with colors, previews, validation, site management, reports, mappings, customization, and third-party integration. It also includes appendices on CSS basics and tips, TopStyle tips and tricks, style sheet resources, keyboard shortcuts, and regular expressions.
TopStyle Help & <b>Tutorial</b>tutorialsruby
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This document provides a table of contents for the TopStyle Pro Help & Tutorial, which teaches how to use the TopStyle software for editing style sheets and HTML/XHTML documents. It lists over 50 sections that provide explanations and instructions for features like creating and opening files, editing styles, working with colors, previews, validation, site management, reports and customizing the software. The document was created by Giampaolo Bellavite from the online help provided with TopStyle version 3.11.
The Art Institute of Atlanta IMD 210 Fundamentals of Scripting <b>...</b>tutorialsruby
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This document provides the course outline for IMD 210 Fundamentals of Scripting Languages at The Art Institute of Atlanta during the Spring 2005 quarter. The course focuses on integrating programming concepts with interface design using scripting languages like JavaScript and CSS. It will cover topics like DOM, CSS layout, JavaScript variables, conditionals, and events. Students will complete 4 assignments including redesigning existing websites, and there will be weekly quizzes, a midterm, and final exam. The course is worth 4 credits and meets once a week for class and lab.
This document provides the course outline for IMD 210 Fundamentals of Scripting Languages at The Art Institute of Atlanta during the Spring 2005 quarter. The course focuses on integrating programming concepts with interface design using scripting languages like JavaScript and CSS. It will cover topics like DOM, CSS layout, JavaScript variables, conditionals, and events. Students will complete 4 assignments including redesigning existing websites, and there will be weekly quizzes, a midterm, and final exam. The course is worth 4 credits and meets once a week for class and lab.
The group aims to bridge gaps between peer-to-peer database architectures and scaling multimedia information retrieval. They develop a probabilistic multimedia database system with abstraction layers for applications and researchers. They also research challenges of peer-to-peer networks for distributed data management. Both lines are supported by the MonetDB platform to exploit custom hardware and adaptive query optimization. The goal is a modular solution linking theoretical optimal solutions to application demands under resource limitations.
Standardization and Knowledge Transfer â INS0tutorialsruby
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The group aims to bridge gaps between peer-to-peer database architectures and scaling multimedia information retrieval. They develop a probabilistic multimedia database system with abstraction layers and a flexible model. They also research challenges of peer-to-peer networks for distributed data management. Both lines are supported by the MonetDB platform to exploit custom hardware and adaptive query optimization. The goal is a modular solution linking theoretical optimal solutions to application demands under resource limitations.
This document provides an introduction to converting HTML documents to XHTML, including the basic syntax changes needed like making all tags lowercase and closing all tags. It provides examples of correct XHTML markup for different tags. It also explains the new DOCTYPE declaration and shows a sample well-formed XHTML document incorporating all the discussed changes. Resources for learning more about XHTML are listed at the end.
This document provides an introduction to converting HTML documents to XHTML, including the basic syntax changes needed like making all tags lowercase and closing all tags. It provides examples of correct XHTML markup for different tags. It also explains the new DOCTYPE declaration and shows a sample well-formed XHTML document incorporating all the discussed changes. Resources for learning more about XHTML are listed at the end.
XHTML is a markup language that provides structure and semantics to web pages. It is based on XML and is more strict than HTML. XHTML pages must have a document type definition, html and head tags, and a body where the visible content goes. Common XHTML tags include paragraphs, lists, links, images, and divisions to logically separate content. While XHTML provides structure, CSS is used to style pages and control visual presentation by defining rules for tags. CSS rules are defined in external style sheets to keep presentation separate from structure and content.
XHTML is a markup language that provides structure and semantics to web pages. It is based on XML and is more strict than HTML. XHTML pages must have a document type definition, html and head tags, and a body where the visible content goes. Common XHTML tags include paragraphs, lists, links, images, and divisions to logically separate content. While XHTML provides structure, CSS is used to style pages and control visual presentation through rules that target specific XHTML elements.
This document discusses how to create and use external cascading style sheets (CSS) in Dreamweaver. It provides steps to:
1. Open the CSS Styles tab in Dreamweaver and create a new external CSS stylesheet using a sample text style.
2. Save the stylesheet and link it to a new HTML page to style elements like headings, text sizes, and boxes.
3. Edit existing styles by selecting a tag in the CSS Styles panel and modifying properties directly, or by clicking the tag and using the pencil icon to edit in a window. This allows customizing styles globally across all linked pages.
This document provides an overview of how to create and use cascading style sheets (CSS) in Dreamweaver. It describes the different types of style sheets, including external and internal style sheets. It outlines the steps to create an external style sheet in Dreamweaver using the CSS Styles panel and provides instructions for linking the external style sheet to an HTML page. The document demonstrates how to experiment with predefined styles and how to edit, add, and delete styles in the CSS stylesheet.
This document appears to be a weekly update from an intro to computer science course. It includes summaries of classmates' demographics, comfort levels, and prior experience. It also discusses time spent on problem sets and recommends upcoming courses in CS51 and CS61. Finally, it recommends reading on TCP/IP, HTTP, XHTML, CSS, PHP, SQL and using the bulletin board for questions.
This document appears to be a weekly update from an intro to computer science course. It includes summaries of classmates' demographics, comfort levels, and prior experience. It also discusses time spent on problem sets and recommends upcoming courses in CS51 and CS61. Finally, it recommends reading on topics like TCP/IP, HTTP, XHTML, CSS, PHP, SQL and using bulletin boards, and includes images related to these topics.
The document discusses how to use Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) with Corvid Servlet Runtime templates to control formatting and layout. CSS allows separating design from content, making templates simpler and easier to maintain. It also enables adapting appearance for different devices. The document provides examples of using CSS classes to style template elements and explains how to set up a demo system using the included CSS and templates.
The document discusses how to use Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) with Corvid Servlet Runtime templates to control formatting and layout. CSS allows separating design from content, making templates simpler and easier to maintain. It also enables customization of appearance for different devices. The document provides examples of how to apply CSS classes and rules to Corvid template elements to control fonts, colors, positioning and more.
The document provides an introduction to CSS and how it works with HTML to control the presentation and styling of web page content. It explains basic CSS concepts like selectors, properties and values, and how CSS rules are used to target specific HTML elements and style them. Examples are given of common CSS properties and selectors and how they can be used to style elements and format the layout of web pages.
The document introduces CSS and how it works with HTML to separate content from presentation, allowing the styling of web pages through rules that target HTML elements. It explains CSS syntax and various selectors like type, class, ID, and descendant selectors. Examples are provided of how CSS can be used to style properties like color, font, padding, and layout of elements on a page.
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) allow users to define how HTML elements are presented on a page. CSS enables changing the appearance and layout of an entire website by editing just one CSS file. CSS uses selectors to apply styles to HTML elements via properties and values. Styles can be defined internally in HTML or externally in CSS files. CSS can control text formatting, colors, spacing, positioning and more to achieve visual consistency across web pages.
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) allow users to define how HTML elements are presented on a page. CSS enables changing the appearance and layout of an entire website by editing just one CSS file. CSS uses selectors to apply styles to HTML elements via properties and values. Styles can be defined internally in HTML or externally in CSS files. CSS can control text formatting, colors, spacing, positioning and more to achieve visual consistency across web pages.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
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An English đŹđ§ translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech đšđż version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
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Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor IvaniukFwdays
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At this talk we will discuss DDoS protection tools and best practices, discuss network architectures and what AWS has to offer. Also, we will look into one of the largest DDoS attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure that happened in February 2022. We'll see, what techniques helped to keep the web resources available for Ukrainians and how AWS improved DDoS protection for all customers based on Ukraine experience
âTemporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transfor...Edge AI and Vision Alliance
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For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/temporal-event-neural-networks-a-more-efficient-alternative-to-the-transformer-a-presentation-from-brainchip/
Chris Jones, Director of Product Management at BrainChip , presents the âTemporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transformerâ tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
The expansion of AI services necessitates enhanced computational capabilities on edge devices. Temporal Event Neural Networks (TENNs), developed by BrainChip, represent a novel and highly efficient state-space network. TENNs demonstrate exceptional proficiency in handling multi-dimensional streaming data, facilitating advancements in object detection, action recognition, speech enhancement and language model/sequence generation. Through the utilization of polynomial-based continuous convolutions, TENNs streamline models, expedite training processes and significantly diminish memory requirements, achieving notable reductions of up to 50x in parameters and 5,000x in energy consumption compared to prevailing methodologies like transformers.
Integration with BrainChipâs Akida neuromorphic hardware IP further enhances TENNsâ capabilities, enabling the realization of highly capable, portable and passively cooled edge devices. This presentation delves into the technical innovations underlying TENNs, presents real-world benchmarks, and elucidates how this cutting-edge approach is positioned to revolutionize edge AI across diverse applications.
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
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Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
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This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
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The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as âno strategyâ. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If youâre wrong, it forces a correction. If youâre right, it helps create focus. Iâll share how Iâve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didnât work so well.
What is an RPA CoE? Session 1 â CoE VisionDianaGray10
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In the first session, we will review the organization's vision and how this has an impact on the COE Structure.
Topics covered:
âą The role of a steering committee
âą How do the organizationâs priorities determine CoE Structure?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
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I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
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Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024Northern Engraving
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Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
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Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind fĂŒr viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heiĂes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und LizenzgebĂŒhren zu kĂ€mpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklĂ€ren Ihnen, wie Sie hĂ€ufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu fĂŒhren können, dass mehr Benutzer gezĂ€hlt werden als nötig, und wie Sie ĂŒberflĂŒssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige AnsĂ€tze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben fĂŒhren können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins fĂŒr geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche FĂ€lle und deren Lösungen. Und natĂŒrlich erklĂ€ren wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt nĂ€herbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Ăberblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und ĂŒberflĂŒssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps fĂŒr hĂ€ufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-PostfĂ€cher, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
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Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where weâll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, weâll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sourcesâfrom PDF floorplans to web pagesâusing FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether itâs populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
Weâll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
4. Table of Contents
Introduction i
Chapter 1. Photographic Challenges. 1
Chapter 2. Extending DOF. 5
Chapter 3. Conclusion. 13
Table of Contents i
5.
6. Introduction
Flowers like this are a challenge for photographers. Close working distance,
even the f/32 aperture of a macro lens cannot extend deep enough. This is the
result of stacking four separate shots of the same flower in AdobeÂź PhotoshopÂź
CS4Âź.
Experienced macro and botanical photographers fight a continuous battle for Depth of Field (DOF). When you
work close to a photographic subject, DOF can sometimes extend only a fraction of an inch. A flower with long
stamens, like the Atamasco lily above, can be a real challenge. In fact, the photograph shown here is not possible
with a single photographic exposure. To make the black tip of the pistil and all of the powdery stamens sharp
would have been tricky enough. To look down inside the flower and see the petals sharp and even see definable
details along the green leaves, DOF for a 35mm DSLR just doesnât extend that far.
iii
Introduction
7. The example at the top is one of the stacked shots. The pistil and pollen grains
are sharp. As noted, the powdery stamens are not completely in focus. This
was shot at f/32 for maximum DOF. The example underneath is the stacked
photo again. The difference in DOF is obvious, even at the reduced magnifica-
tion for this tutorial.
iv Preface
8. Iâm going to avoid the math, but the maximum DOF for this shot was approximately a little over 1 1/2 inches
(5 cm). However, approximately one-half of that (three-quarter inch) would extend in front of the pistil and
pollen grains. The math comes from using a Canon 1Ds MkII, a Canon 180mm âLâ macro lens at f/32, and
approximately 3 feet (1 meter) distant from the front surface of the pistil of the flower. The Canon 1Ds MkII is a
full frame 35mm camera.
The pistil and stamens extended about 2 to 2 1/2 inches in front of the flower petals. To extend the focus from the
pistil back to the petals would require at least 3 to 4x the DOF available from a 35mm camera and macro lens at
minimum aperture.
With a lens of any less optical quality than the Canon 180mm âLâ macro lens, an aperture of f/32 would make me
extremely nervous. First, only a specialized macro lens can typically reach f/32. Such a tiny aperture is associated
with diffraction, which would add softness. Fortunately, the Canon 180mm âLâ lens is tack sharp uniformly
across its Field of View (FOV) and diffraction is not a significant issue even at f/32. Substitute a Canon 100mm
EF macro lens and you would likely want to stick with f/16, maybe f/22. You would need more stacked images or
you would have to move back further.
Photoshop CS4 to the Rescue! Maybe.
Photoshop CS4 has improved two features which, when combined, can extend DOF. The Auto-Align Layers
command is used to superimpose stacked photos that are loaded as layers. The Auto-Blend Layers command is
then used to blend features of a photograph from different points of focus.
Extending DOF with the Auto-Blend Layers command is a popular improvement to Photoshop CS4. Unfortu-
nately, most of the tutorials and videos Iâve seen so far have not offered a lot of practical advice with the technique.
They leave the reader/viewer with the impression that the technique is easy and fool-proof. The steps are easy to
enumerate, but the practical application can be tricky, and it is far from fool-proof.
Preface v
10. Photographic
Challenges
Obtaining a handful of candidate photographs to stack together
and extend DOF is not as easy as it sounds in theory. Most of the
examples that Iâve seen in tutorials and videos have focused on
blending exposures of stationary objects. The distance between
camera and subject were much further than macro or near-macro.
The example in this tutorial is more typical. A flower at close distance.
To add complications that are common enough, the photographs
were taken outdoors under natural lighting on a bright overcast day.
I already mentioned f/32 for maximum photographic DOF. That
meant a relatively long exposure. 2 seconds in this case.
TIP
Start With Good Photographic Technique
Use a solid tripod and
The Canon 1Ds MkII has extremely fine resolution. 16.7 million solid head. Make sure
pixels. which translates into 3504 x 2336 pixels. Any movement
larger than a pixel while the shutter is open can result in a visible to tighten the head so
âghostâ added to the photograph. For the mathematically chal- that the camera does
lenged, thatâs approximately 1/2336th of an inch in this case. Fortu-
nately, the air was relatively still while I was taking the photographs: not move as you twist
relatively being the important caveat. The air was not consistently the focus ring on the
still. A lily will sway in a slight breeze. Its stamens will dance about
with even the tiniest gust of air. lens.
Macro and botanical photographers are accustomed to waiting
for the air to become still. You stand there behind the viewfinder,
repeatedly half depressing your cable release to keep the shutter
activated and ready to fire. With an exposure of 2 seconds, youâll
guess wrong and just as you depress the shutter button, an eddy of
air will swirl and the flower will move. Extending DOF by stacking
photos is possible with subjects like flowers that move slightly.
Forget it with a steadily moving subject. This is a technique more
useful for rigid, stationary subjects or those with very minute move-
ments.
Photographic Challenges 2
11. Be sure to use a cable release, a rigid tripod, and a solid head to
minimize any movment of the camera while adjusting focus. Mirror
lock is also strongly recommended.
I knew movement was going to be a challenge even with good
macro technique. I took several sets of photos as insurance. Six or
seven sets for each intended final shot.
I was determined to come back with at least one or two sets of
photos that could be successfully belnded together. To increase the
chance of success, I also got out a pair of Canon 550EX flashes and
a Canon ST-E3 Transmitter. I used my preferred 3:1 flash ratio for
a more realistic shadow. That gave me an exposure of 1/60th second,
which would stop movement from tiny gusts of air. I did not use
the flash shots for this tutorial.
Taking three or four shots at different points of focus is not so easy
TIP
with macro or near macro subject. The amount of rotation of the
focus ring is likely to be a tiny fraction of an inch. A macro focus
rail will give you more control. Itâs a piece of essential gear for a
macro photographer. We do not change the focus on the lens. We
move the lens slightly closer to or farther from the subject to change
A macro focusing rail is the point of focus. The fine gearing of the macro focus rail allows
ideal for attempting to change of focus in very tiny increments, much finer than is possible
with the focus ring on a macro lens.
extend DOF for macro
or near-macro shots. The farther you can extend the photographic DOF, the fewer
stacked photos that will be required. Fewer stacked photos increases
the likelihood that Auto-Align Layers and Auto-Blend Layers
can successful extend DOF. Extending photographic DOF means
smaller apertures and longer exposures. You also need to get the
front of the lens parallel to the subject.
Even With Care, Itâs Still Hit Or Miss
I came back with several candidate sets for stacking together. The
process of aligning photos and selecting deifferent features to blend
for maximum sharpness overall is not yet a perfect process. The
Auto-Align Layers and Auto-Blend Layers commands work
reasonably well.
Several of my candidate sets did not blend as well as I had hoped.
There was no way to tell until I loaded them into Photoshop and
ran them through the process of aligning them and blending them.
3 Chapter 1
12. Remember, this is Adobe Photoshopâs first attempt at DOF blending. I expect the technology will improve with
future versions of Photoshop.
Imperfect as the technique is, you can use it successfully even with macro and near-macro subjects. The example
weâll be working with in this tutorial - the close-up of a white Atamasco lily - is impossible to obtain with a single
photographic exposure.
Photographic Challenges 4
14. Extending DOF
Step One. Load A Stack Of Photos.
The first step is to load a stack of photographs into Photoshop. The easiest way to do this is to use a feature in
Adobe Bridge CS4. Select the group of photos you intend to blend together in Photoshop. Under the Tools menu,
choose the Photoshop | Load Files Into Photoshop Layers submenu item.
The result will be a multilayer image loaded in Photoshop CS4. You should probably close Adobe Bridge at this
point to free up system resources. The Auto-Align Layers and Auto-Blend Layers commands are RAM-
intensive.
Adobe Bridge CS4 supports the stacking of multiple photographs as separate layers in a
Photoshop image. This is the first step in blending photographs to extend DOF.
Extending DOF 6
15. Layer stack before alignment. Layer stack after alignment.
Use the Auto projection option for blending DOF.
7 Chapter 2
16. Step 2. The Auto-Align Layers . . . Command.
The second step is to apply the Auto-Align Layers . . . command from the Edit menu item. Make sure to have
all of the layers active before initiating the Auto-Align Layers . . . command. Select the Auto projection option.
The Auto-Align Layers . . . and Auto-Blend Layers . . . commands are not new to Photoshop CS4. There
are tutorials that describe them as new or give you that impression. They have been improved however. They were
added to Photoshop CS3 and they were expected to be used in tandem to stitch together a panorama from several
shots. Thatâs still their primary intended use.
You will typically want to leave Vignette Removal and Geometric Distortion unchecked. They are more
appropriate for panoramas using extreme wide angle lens. Vignette Removal corrects lens vignetting, which is
darkened edges. This can result from lens aberrations or from using a lens shade or a big filter stack on extreme
wide angle lenses. Geometric Distortion corrects for pincushion and barrel distortion. Again, more likely a
problem with a wide angle lens.
The example below is the result after running the Auto-Align Layers . . . command on a stack of four photos. As
you change focus, subject magnification changes. There can also be subject movement between shots. The aligned
layers can show the tell-tale pattern of checkerboards where there are no pixels. In the example below, it looks like
an edge effect.
Here is the aligned result. As you change focus, subject magniïŹcation changes. There can also
be subject movements. It is common for areas of a layer to be left with no pixels.
Extending DOF 8
17. Layer stack after blending.
Use the Stack Images and the Seamless
Tones and Colors options.
9 Chapter 2
18. Step 3. The Auto-Blend Layers . . . Command.
The third step is to apply the Auto-Blend Layers . . . command from the Edit menu item. The order of these
steps does matter. Make sure to run the Auto-Align Layers . . . command before the Auto-Blend Layers . . .
command for best results with this technique.
The Auto-Blend Layers . . . command will select portions from each layer with the sharpest focus to blend
together in a final result. This is achieved by adding a layer mask to each layer. Where the mask is white, detail
from that layer will blend in the composite image. Where the mask is black, detail from that layer will be rejected.
Intermediate shades of gray allow intermediate blending.
The example below is one of the layer masks that resulted from the Auto-Blend Layers . . . command. This was
obviously the layer from the stacked photo where the point of focus was on the surface detail of the white petals.
The stamens and pistil are black. Their details will be drawn from another photo in the stack. In this example, it
is the areas that correspond to the petals that are white, allowing the detail from this layer to to become visible in
the composite photograph.
Here is an example of the layer masks generated by the Auto-Blend
Layers . . . command. In this case, the layer is being used primarily
for details along the white petals. The stamens and pistil are black,
which hides them from blending.
Extending DOF 10
19. You can usually ïŹnd a layer with the detail to
restore. Duplicate it and replace the layer mask
with a Hide All layer mask (one ïŹlled with
black). You can then use the Brush tool at low
to moderate Opacity to restore the lost detail.
11 Chapter 2
20. Step 4. Retouching.
The final step is to retouch the composite photograph. As I mentioned, the current implementation in Photoshop
CS4 does a reasonably good job of blending together a stack of photographs. You should carefully examine your
photograph. There are likely to be a few isolated areas where the blending was less than perfect. Many tutorials fail
to mention this.
In the example below, there are a couple of blurry patches and also a rather pronouced edge artifact that looks like
stray black pixels. Martin Evening offers one solution in his recent book Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers. He
recommends saving a version of the aligned layers as a Layer Group, adding a Hide All layer mask to each (i.e.,
layer masks filled with black to make them invisible). Itâs a workable solution when you do not expect to run up
against system resource limitations. I prefer instead to wait and then duplicate any layer that might be needed for
retouching the blended composite. In the case of the example in this tutorial, the detail for the blurry edges was
very likely to lay along the layer with the petal details. I duplicated that layer and replaced its layer mask so I could
use the Brush tool with white to restore the details. The stray black pixels were easier to handle. I waited until I
added a layer for the Dust & Scratches filter. The flower (very typical) had plenty of dust and dirt. I created a
duplicate layer, applied the Dust & Scratches filter, and then used the Healing Brush on the same layer to dab
out those stray pixels.
Be sure to carefully examine your photograph for tiny artifacts from from the DOF blending
with the Auto-Align Layers . . . and Auto-Blend Layers . . . commands.
Extending DOF 12
22. Conclusion
Photoshop CS4 has added to our creative opportunities with the improvements to the Auto-Align Layers and
Auto-Blend Layers commands.
In practice, I found that I needed several candidate stacks with subjects that are not rigidly still. For macro and
near-macro subjects like flowers, a macro focusing rail also improves the likelihood of a successful DOF blend. I
had a few stacks from this same point of view that did not blend successfully. There were simply too many blend-
ing artifacts to make it worthwhile to retouch manually.
The improved Auto-Blend Layers command appears to be a bit buggy in the early Photoshop CS4 release.
It appears to suffer from a memory leak, at least with Windows operating systems. It is also very RAM-hungry.
With photos from the current crop of Canon, Nikon, and Sony professional and prosumer DSLRs, you will
likely only be able to blend a small handful of photographs unless you take steps to reduce the memory foot-
print, like converting to 8-bits per channel, reducing the size of the photos, and clearing the cache.
I find this to be an exciting new technique. I hope it improves your digital photography. Cheers!
The ability to stack multiple shots of the same subject allows us to extend
DOF in a way that is impossible with a camera and lens alone.
Conclusion 14