Motivation, Motivation Theories, Six C’s of Motivation, Basic model of motivation, Motivation – Techniques, Article 4: Steers, R. M., Mowday, R. T. and Shapiro, D. L. (2004). ‘The future of work motivation theory’.Academy of Management Review, 29, 379–87., Article 2: Casey, Rickey. And Robbins, Jay (2008) Benefits of High Internal Work Motivation Comparing Retail Sector to Manufacturing, Journal of Diversity Management – Third Quarter, Article 1: Lindner, James R. (1998) Understanding Employee Motivation, Journal of extension, Volume 36, Number 3

2. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
Final Project

4. DEFINITION:
“Motivation is a process that starts with a physiological or
psychological deficiency or need that activates a behavior
or a drive that is aimed at goal or incentive”.
Physiological/
Psychological deficiency
(Need)
Individual behaves
in certain manner
(Drive)
Achieves a particular
goal
(Incentive)

5. Motivation
• Psychological feature that contributes to a
person’s degree of commitment.
• Also includes the factor that cause, channel
and sustain human behavior in particular
committed direction.
• It is the management process of infusing
people’s behavior on this knowledge of
“ What Makes People Tick”

6. What Is Motivation?
Direction
PersistenceIntensity

7. Motivation Theories
Need Based Theories
 Mc Clelland’s theory of
needs
 ERG Theory
 Herzberg’s two factor
theory
 Maslow’s hierarchy need
theory (1943)
Process Based Theories
• Reinforcement Theory
• Equity Theory
• Vroom’s Expectancy
Theory
• Locke and Latham’s Goal
Setting Theory
• Cognitive Evaluation
Theory

8. What
DRIVES
you?

10. Six C’s of Motivation..
6 C’S
CHALLENGS
CONTROL
CHOICES
COLLABORATION
CONSTRUCTING
MEANINGS
CONSEQUE
NCES

11. Basic model of motivation
Needs or
expectations
Result in
Tension Drive force
(Behavior or
Action)
To Achieve
Desired Goals
Which Provides
Fulfillment
which reduces
Tension
Feedback

12. Motivation – Importance
Importance to Individual
• Motivation will help him achieve
his personal goals.
• If an individual is motivated, he
will have job satisfaction.
• Motivation will help in self-
development of individual.
• An individual would always gain
by working with a dynamic team.
Importance to Business
• The more motivated the employees
are, the more empowered the team
is. The more is the team work and
individual employee contribution,
more profitable and successful is the
business.
• More adaptability and creativity.
• Optimistic and challenging attitude
at work place.

13. Articles
Article 1: Lindner, James R. (1998) Understanding Employee
Motivation, Journal of extension, Volume 36, Number 3
1. Interesting work
2. Good wages
3. Full appreciation of work done
4. Job security
5. Good working conditions
6. Promotions and growth in the organization
7. Feeling of being in on things
8. Personal loyalty to employees
9. Tactful discipline
10. Sympathetic help with personal problems

14. Article 2: Casey, Rickey. And Robbins, Jay (2008) Benefits
of High Internal Work Motivation Comparing Retail
Sector to Manufacturing, Journal of Diversity
Management – Third Quarter
 Feminine gender has higher internal work
motivation in retail industry
 Light on race and ethnic backgrounds and
marital status

15. Article 3: Aliya Ahmed and Shadab Fariduddin, The Motivation
to Work, SZABIST Karachi, Pakistan
• The study defines four important motivational
factors for motivation.
• Advancement
• Recognition
• Growth
• Achievement

16. Article 4: Steers, R. M., Mowday, R. T. and Shapiro, D. L. (2004).
‘The future of work motivation theory’.Academy of
Management Review, 29, 379–87.
A future perspective of motivational field looks to be very bright as
development of metatheories on work motivation, time factors influence
in work organizations, implications of aging on workplace motivation and
other research work in the field of work motivation provide a solid road
map for future developments in this field.

17. Motivation – Techniques
Financial Techniques
• Wages and salaries
• Bonus
• Insurance
• Medical allowance
• Housing facilities
• Retirement benefits
Non-Financial Techniques
• Status
• Job security
• Performance feedback
• Praise
• Growth opportunity
• Participation and
empowerment
• Career development plan

18. Conclusion