Determination of Mianserine using Fe3+-phenanthroline by visible Spectrophoto...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
Mianserin is used as an antidepressant medication. A visible spectrophotometric method was developed for
determination of Mianserine present in bulk and tablet formulation. The basis of the proposed method is
formation of a chromophore (of λ max 484 nm) in presence of Fe3+-Phenanthroline. Optimization of reaction
conditions was carried out to get highly sensitive and stable colored complex. The proposed method does not
require a pre-treatment process. The method has the advantage of simple, reproducible, selective and sensitive.
Regression analysis (r > 0.999) shows that the plotted calibration curve exhibits good linearity in the studied
range of concentration (1 – 6 μg mL-1). The % recovery values falls in 98.00 – 99.66 range. As per the existing
guidelines of ICH, various parameters of the method were tested for validation. %RSD results of both precision
studies were observed in the range 0.181 – 0.530 and -0.135 – 0.408 respectively, indicating the satisfactory
precision of the method. Low values of R.S.D. (< 2 %) were observed indicating that the proposed method is
reproducible, accurate and precise. The proposed method can be used in routine analysis of Mianserine (bulk
drug and pharmaceutical dosage forms) in quality control laboratories, as an alternative to the methods which
require expensive instruments.
Determination of Mianserine using Fe3+-phenanthroline by visible Spectrophoto...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
Mianserin is used as an antidepressant medication. A visible spectrophotometric method was developed for
determination of Mianserine present in bulk and tablet formulation. The basis of the proposed method is
formation of a chromophore (of λ max 484 nm) in presence of Fe3+-Phenanthroline. Optimization of reaction
conditions was carried out to get highly sensitive and stable colored complex. The proposed method does not
require a pre-treatment process. The method has the advantage of simple, reproducible, selective and sensitive.
Regression analysis (r > 0.999) shows that the plotted calibration curve exhibits good linearity in the studied
range of concentration (1 – 6 μg mL-1). The % recovery values falls in 98.00 – 99.66 range. As per the existing
guidelines of ICH, various parameters of the method were tested for validation. %RSD results of both precision
studies were observed in the range 0.181 – 0.530 and -0.135 – 0.408 respectively, indicating the satisfactory
precision of the method. Low values of R.S.D. (< 2 %) were observed indicating that the proposed method is
reproducible, accurate and precise. The proposed method can be used in routine analysis of Mianserine (bulk
drug and pharmaceutical dosage forms) in quality control laboratories, as an alternative to the methods which
require expensive instruments.
OMICS Publishing Group | Journal of Bioanalysis & BiomedicineOMICS International
OMICS Publishing Group journal, Bioanalysis is the quantitative measurement of xenobiotics & biotics in the biological system
Study of physiological process with method of Physics, Chemistry and Biology is the Biomedicine.
Global Regulatory Issues: one BA method, one validation, one report ...Peter van Amsterdam
Comparison of the recent guidelines of the Brazilian, European, Japanese and US regualtory agencies on bioanalytical method validation in order to be able to validate a bioanalytical method in such a way that it would meet the requirements of these 4 agencies. Presented at the 2013 Land O'Lakes meeting
What makes up an acceptance testing framework? Especially one that will help you use Selenium successfully? How about a list of what ones currently exist? We've got you covered.
This talk was prepared for the DC Selenium Meetup in April 2013.
Quality Assurance is of Tremendous Importance in Pharma and Health care sector.
A brief of that is try to explain here..
A Trust of the Customer on Product is solely based on the Effective QA
Shock is a common complication of severe febrile illness, and worldwide aggressive correction with intravenous bolus therapy is recommended as the initial treatment. Nevertheless, the evidence supporting this approach remains weak. The only controlled trial of fluid resuscitation, Fluid Expansion as Supportive Therapy (FEAST), involving 3141 African children with severe febrile illness, including large groups with sepsis and malaria, called into question aggressive fluid resuscitation, demonstrating excess mortality in both bolus arms (albumin and saline) compared to no-bolus control, relative risk of morality in bolus versus control was 1.45(1.13-1.86, p=0.003). Excess mortality was consistent across all subgroups, being greatest in those with the most severe forms of shock and acidosis. Remarkably, despite earlier shock reversal in those receiving fluid boluses the excess mortality in the FEAST trial was caused by subsequent cardiovascular collapse and was not secondary to fluid overload.
These observations are intriguing warranting an in-depth understanding of host responses including those of the myocardium to fluid resuscitation and at the microvasacular level since the two maybe synergistic. Current studies are underway in ovine models of sepsis (‘FEAST-in-Sheep’) in Professor John Fraser’s laboratory, Brisbane to understand the mechanism of harm, gain further insights in host responses to fluid management, and re-define the optimal fluid and supportive inotrope/vasopressor management of septic shock.
Four years have elapsed since the publication of FEAST, yet World Health Organization continues to recommend fluid boluses for children managed in resource-poor hospitals, where there is no access to intensive care. These are the precise settings where the FEAST trial was conducted in order to inform management guidelines. In Africa alone, where one in 10 febrile child admissions present with shock, we have estimated that the current guidelines, if fully implemented, will result in ~5,600 and 33,000 excess deaths each year per million hospital admissions treated for shock.
Lab talk 020710 comparing bac r_rel 1 with e coli rrel 1 for use in fret assayLaurence Dawkins-Hall
Comparing activity of baculovirus and E Coli expressed rREL 1 fractions in context of HT FRET assay for screening compound libraries to identify REL1 antagonist hits
Poster demonstrating the results from the development/verification project for the quantitation of all- trans retinol and alpha tocopherol in human serum.
OMICS Publishing Group | Journal of Bioanalysis & BiomedicineOMICS International
OMICS Publishing Group journal, Bioanalysis is the quantitative measurement of xenobiotics & biotics in the biological system
Study of physiological process with method of Physics, Chemistry and Biology is the Biomedicine.
Global Regulatory Issues: one BA method, one validation, one report ...Peter van Amsterdam
Comparison of the recent guidelines of the Brazilian, European, Japanese and US regualtory agencies on bioanalytical method validation in order to be able to validate a bioanalytical method in such a way that it would meet the requirements of these 4 agencies. Presented at the 2013 Land O'Lakes meeting
What makes up an acceptance testing framework? Especially one that will help you use Selenium successfully? How about a list of what ones currently exist? We've got you covered.
This talk was prepared for the DC Selenium Meetup in April 2013.
Quality Assurance is of Tremendous Importance in Pharma and Health care sector.
A brief of that is try to explain here..
A Trust of the Customer on Product is solely based on the Effective QA
Shock is a common complication of severe febrile illness, and worldwide aggressive correction with intravenous bolus therapy is recommended as the initial treatment. Nevertheless, the evidence supporting this approach remains weak. The only controlled trial of fluid resuscitation, Fluid Expansion as Supportive Therapy (FEAST), involving 3141 African children with severe febrile illness, including large groups with sepsis and malaria, called into question aggressive fluid resuscitation, demonstrating excess mortality in both bolus arms (albumin and saline) compared to no-bolus control, relative risk of morality in bolus versus control was 1.45(1.13-1.86, p=0.003). Excess mortality was consistent across all subgroups, being greatest in those with the most severe forms of shock and acidosis. Remarkably, despite earlier shock reversal in those receiving fluid boluses the excess mortality in the FEAST trial was caused by subsequent cardiovascular collapse and was not secondary to fluid overload.
These observations are intriguing warranting an in-depth understanding of host responses including those of the myocardium to fluid resuscitation and at the microvasacular level since the two maybe synergistic. Current studies are underway in ovine models of sepsis (‘FEAST-in-Sheep’) in Professor John Fraser’s laboratory, Brisbane to understand the mechanism of harm, gain further insights in host responses to fluid management, and re-define the optimal fluid and supportive inotrope/vasopressor management of septic shock.
Four years have elapsed since the publication of FEAST, yet World Health Organization continues to recommend fluid boluses for children managed in resource-poor hospitals, where there is no access to intensive care. These are the precise settings where the FEAST trial was conducted in order to inform management guidelines. In Africa alone, where one in 10 febrile child admissions present with shock, we have estimated that the current guidelines, if fully implemented, will result in ~5,600 and 33,000 excess deaths each year per million hospital admissions treated for shock.
Lab talk 020710 comparing bac r_rel 1 with e coli rrel 1 for use in fret assayLaurence Dawkins-Hall
Comparing activity of baculovirus and E Coli expressed rREL 1 fractions in context of HT FRET assay for screening compound libraries to identify REL1 antagonist hits
Poster demonstrating the results from the development/verification project for the quantitation of all- trans retinol and alpha tocopherol in human serum.
Determination of benzotriazoles in water samples by polyethersulfone solid-ph...Jorge Casado Agrelo
In this work, we investigate the suitability of a commercial available and low cost polyethersufone (PES) sorbent for the microextraction of 1H-benzotriazole (BTri), and four polar derivatives (4 and 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole, 4-TTri and 5-TTri; 5,6-dimethyl-1H benzotriazole, XTri; and 5-chloro-1H-benzotriazole, 5-ClBTri) from surface and wastewater samples. The performance of liquid chromatography (LC) combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS) for the selective determination of target compounds is also discussed. Parameters affecting the efficiency of the microextraction step, such as sample’s pH, ionic strength, stirring speed and extraction lapse of time, and the PES membrane desorption process have been thoroughly investigated. Analytes were extracted from 15 mL samples, containing a 30% of sodium chloride and adjusted at pH 4.5, using a tubular PES sorbent (5 cm length x 0.7 mm o.d., sorbent volume 42 μL). After methanol desorption and solvent exchange, benzotriazoles were determined by LC-MS, with chromatograms extracted using a mass window of 20 ppm, centered in their [M+H]+ ions. The identity of chromatographic peaks was confirmed with accurate ion product scan (MS/MS) spectra. The method provided limits of quantification (LOQs) between 0.005 and 0.1 ng mL-1, and relative recoveries from 81% to 124% (except for XTri in sewage samples, ca. 60%) with associated standard deviations between 2% and 9%. The efficiency of the PES sorbent for the extraction of these compounds has been compared with that attained by stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) covered stir bars. The PES polymer achieved significant higher responses (5- to 20-fold) for these polar pollutants. To the best of our knowledge, this research constitutes the first application of both techniques (microextraction using a PES sorbent and LC-QTOF-MS) for benzotriazoles determination in water samples. The method was used to provide data regarding the levels of target compounds in river and urban wastewater samples, including the individual quantification of 4-methyl and 5-methyl-benzotriazole isomers. Obtained results confirmed the ubiquity of benzotriazole, 4-methyl and 5-methyl-benzotriazole in urban wastewater and their incomplete removal at sewage treatment plants
Webinar - Pharmacopeial Modernization: How Will Your Chromatography Workflow ...Waters Corporation
In this webinar, Dr. Leonel Santos and Dr. Horacio Pappa from the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) will provide an overview of its pharmacopeial harmonization and modernization efforts. The pair will also review changes described in the pending USP General Chapter <621> on liquid chromatography (LC), which will provide increased flexibility for gradient methods.
Amanda Dlugasch, from Waters Corporation, will follow with an illuminating case study, which leverages USP <621> allowable adjustments to illustrate the benefits of modernizing methods, including migrating HPLC methods to UHPLC or UPLC, without the need to revalidate.
Topics covered in this webinar will include:
- Pharmacopeial monograph modernization prioritization scheme
- Review of USP General Chapter <621> current allowable adjustments to validated chromatographic methods and forthcoming updates
- Case study on the migration of isocratic and gradient pharmacopeial methods to modern chromatography column technology, highlighting improved method performance and throughput
Replay the webinar, hosted by SelectScience:
https://www.selectscience.net/webinars/pharmacopeial-modernization-how-will-your-chromatography-workflow-benefit/?webinarID=1228
Presentation by Dr. Sarah Cianférani-Sanglier, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. Talk given at Waters Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADC) 2014 Meeting, Nov. 20-21, Wilmslow UK.
Analysis of Phenolic Antioxidants in Edible Oil/Shortening Using the PerkinEl...PerkinElmer, Inc.
Phenolic antioxidants are commonly used in food to prevent the oxidation of oils. Oxidized oil and fats cause foul odor and rancidity in food products, which is a major cause for concern to the food industry. Globally, regulations vary, but current maximum allowable levels are as low as 100 μg/g (100 ppm). This application note presents a UHPLC method for the analysis of the ten most common phenolic antioxidants that may be found in such products.
Determination of pesticide multi-residues in river water by LC-Orbitrap-MSJorge Casado Agrelo
A quantitative targeted screening method for the determination of residues of a broad group of more than 250 pesticides in surface water samples was developed and validated.
Part A: To developed analytical (UV) method for determination of TOPIRAMATE in bulk and in oral solid dosage form.
Part B: To validate developed method as per ICH guidelines for parameters:
COLORIMETRY
It is the science & technology used to quantify & describe physically the Human color perception.
selection of drug
1. Drugs which not have strong UV absorbance.
2. Drugs for which Colorimetric methods are not available.
3. Drugs for which methods are available but they are time consuming & complex.
Eg. Dicloxacillin, Topiramate etc.
conclusion
Colorimetric method was developed and validated as per ICH guidelines for estimation of Topiramate in tablets.
Development of color is by reaction of amino group of drug with Ninhydrin reagent in presence of pyridine.
The method was found to be simple, accurate, precise and specific.
So, the proposed method can be used for the routine quality control analysis of the bulk drug as well as oral dosage forms.
1- he following absorbance data were obtained for a series standar.docxdorishigh
1- he following absorbance data were obtained for a series standard solutions containing tannin using colorimetirc method: A = 0.014 (0.1 mg/L), A = 0.069 (1 mg/L), A = 0.145 (2 mg/L), A = 0.289 (4 mg/L), A = 0.442 (6 mg/L), A = 0.528 (8 mg/L). The intercept of the calibration equation is _____. Using Excel if needed.
Question 2
1.
CH3-(CH2)4-C-O-H is an
Answer
aldehyde
phenol
acid
alcohol
3- The Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) was created under the program related to:
Answer
Superfund Act
Clean Water Act
Clean Air Act
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Question 4
1.
In which CFR (Code of Federal Regulations), you would be able to find methodologies for drinking water?
Answer
21 CFR 189
40 CFR 141
40 CFR 401
29 CFR 1900
5- Which of the following regulation in the U.S. is related to the 129 Priority Pollutant List (PPL)?
Answer
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Clean Air Act
Clean Water Act
Safe Drinking Water Act
Question 6
1.
For analytical results with = 26.17, SEM = 1.74, s = 4.26, n = 6, its Student’s t value to calculate confidence interval at 95% confidence level is:
Answer
2.571
2.015
1.943
2.447
7- Which of the following is considered as an appropriate unit in reporting pesticide concentration in soil sample?
Answer
ppmv
mg/m3
mg/kg
mg/L
8- The measurement of 5 replicates reveals an analyte's concentration at 10.5, 10.2, 9.8, 9.7, and 10.4 mg/L. The standard error of mean (SEM) is _____ mg/L. Use Excel if needed.
Answer
Question 9
1.
Four analysts were given the same spiked sample containing 5.00 mg/L analyte, which one of the following analyst is the most accurate?
Answer
Analyst C: mean = 5.10 mg/L; s = 0.10 mg/L
Analyst B: mean = 4.95 mg/L; s = 0.20 mg/L
Analyst D: mean = 5.15 mg/L; s = 0.20 mg/L
Analyst A: mean = 4.90 mg/L; s = 0.10 mg/L
Question 10
1.
The group of chemicals that are solvent extractable and can generally be determined by chromatography such as phenol, phthalates, and PAHs and PCBs are defined as
Answer
VOCs
SVOCs
NVOCs
B/N
Question 11
1.
The measurement of 5 replicates reveals an analyte's concentration at 10.5, 10.2, 9.8, 9.7, and 10.4 mg/L. The standard error is _____ mg/L. Use Excel if needed.
Answer
Question 12
1.
The following absorbance data were obtained for a series standard solutions containing tannin using colorimetirc method: A = 0.014 (0.1 mg/L), A = 0.069 (1 mg/L), A = 0.145 (2 mg/L), A = 0.289 (4 mg/L), A = 0.442 (6 mg/L), A = 0.528 (8 mg/L). The coefficient of determination (R2) of the calibration equation is _____ (Report R2 to 4 significant figures after the decimal point). Using Excel if needed.
Answer
Question 13
1.
The following set of censored data was obtained in drinking water with a detection limit of 1.0 µg/L for Cr(VI): 1.5 µg/L, 2.0 µg/L, N.D., 2.5 µg/L, 3.0 µg/L. As per U.S. EPA, the average concentration is best determined as:
Answer
(1.5 + 2.0 + 0 + 2.5 + 3.0)/5 = 1.8 µg/L
( ...
Lab talk 190210 efficacy studies on radioligand hits_beginnings of fret assay...Laurence Dawkins-Hall
1. Titration of REL 1 antagonist hits identified by radio mimetic assay to quantify efficacy (IC50)
2. Exposition of HT FRET assay principles for large scale compound library screens to empirically identify REL 1 antagonist hits
EPA Method 200.7, Trace Elements in Water, Solids, and Biosolids by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry, describes the procedure and requirements for multi-element determinations by ICP-AES. This presentation demonstrates the capability of the ICPE-9820, with the ASC-9800 Auto-sampler and the Standard Addition Kit, to produce quick, accurate results that comply with the method.
Development and validation of hplc method for determination of theophylline a...IJSIT Editor
A stable, simple, rapid, precise, accurate HPLC method for analysis of Theophyllinee and 1-Methyl
Uric Acid was developed and validated as per ICH guidelines without need of any internal standard.
Separation was carried out using X’terra RP18 (250*4.6) mm, 5µ column with potassium dihydrogen
orthophosphate buffer (pH 3): acetonitrile (30:70 v/v) as mobile phase with flow rate 1 mL min-1. The
parameters studied were retention time, linearity and range, accuracy, precision. The proposed method can
be used for determination of Theophylline and 1-Methyl Uric Acid from Human plasma.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
1. Exploring LC-MS peptide dynamic range
From enhanced base signal to the higher end of the dynamic range in 10log steps
Anne Kleinnijenhuis
anne.kleinnijenhuis@triskelion.nl
Frédérique van Holthoon
Jan Toersche
2. Aim of the study
We observed that addition of a suitable internal standard can enhance
the analyte signal at lower concentrations.
Usually the most suitable IS is a stable isotope labeled internal
standard (SIL IS) due to the almost identical properties.
FTISADTSK (tryptic trastuzumab peptide, FTI) was analyzed using
UPLC-MS/MS (triple quadrupole) in the absence and presence of
FTISADTSK-13C6
15N2 (FTI IS) to investigate the effect of the presence
of SIL IS on the analyte base signal.
In addition the extent of the dynamic range, ion ratios and absolute
signals were investigated.
3. Experimental (1)
Preparation of stock solutions and reagents
Diluent: 0.5% TFA, 1% FA, 10% ACN in MQ.
FTI 4 µg/ml stock: dissolve 1 nmol (99.2% purity) in 240 µl diluent.
FTI IS 4 µg/ml stock: dissolve 1 nmol (96.8% purity) in 236 µl diluent.
FTI IS diluent (4 ng/ml): dilute FTI IS 4 µg/ml stock 1000-fold with
diluent.
4. Experimental (2)
Preparation of calibration samples
Calibration sample Solution
Volume
(µl)
Solution
Volume
(µl)
End volume
(µl)
FTI 100 ng/ml FTI 4 µg/ml 25 Diluent 975 1000
FTI 10 ng/ml FTI 100 ng/ml 100 Diluent 900 1000
FTI 1 ng/ml FTI 10 ng/ml 100 Diluent 900 1000
FTI 100 pg/ml FTI 1 ng/ml 100 Diluent 900 1000
FTI 10 pg/ml FTI 100 pg/ml 100 Diluent 900 1000
FTI 1 pg/ml FTI 10 pg/ml 100 Diluent 900 1000
FTI 100 fg/ml FTI 1 pg/ml 100 Diluent 900 1000
FTI 0 fg/ml - - Diluent 200 200
Calibration sample Solution
Volume
(µl)
Solution
Volume
(µl)
End volume
(µl)
FTI 100 ng/ml + IS FTI 4 µg/ml 25 FTI IS diluent 975 1000
FTI 10 ng/ml + IS FTI 100 ng/ml + IS 100 FTI IS diluent 900 1000
FTI 1 ng/ml + IS FTI 10 ng/ml + IS 100 FTI IS diluent 900 1000
FTI 100 pg/ml + IS FTI 1 ng/ml + IS 100 FTI IS diluent 900 1000
FTI 10 pg/ml + IS FTI 100 pg/ml + IS 100 FTI IS diluent 900 1000
FTI 1 pg/ml + IS FTI 10 pg/ml + IS 100 FTI IS diluent 900 1000
FTI 100 fg/ml + IS FTI 1 pg/ml + IS 100 FTI IS diluent 900 1000
FTI 0 fg/ml + IS - - FTI IS diluent 200 200
5. Experimental (3)
Parameter Setting
UPLC Acquity (Waters)
Column temperature (°C) 40
Column Acquity HSS T3, 100 x 2.1 mm, 1.8 µm (Waters)
Flow rate (µl/min) 500
Mobile phase A 0.1% FA in MQ
Mobile phase B 0.1% FA in ACN
Injection volume 10 µl (full loop)
Mass spectrometer Xevo TQ-S (Waters)
Ionization mode Electrospray ionization (positive mode)
Source temperature (°C) 150
Desolvation temperature (°C) 600
Cone gas flow (L/h) 150
Desolvation gas flow (L/h) 1200
UPLC and MS general parameters
6. Experimental (4)
UPLC gradient
Time (min) Mobile phase A (%) Mobile phase B (%) Divert valve
0 92 8 Waste
0.5 LC
1 92 8
6.5 73 27
6.75 5 95
7 5 95
7.25 92 8
8 92 8 Waste
14. Results & Discussion (7)
General remarks
Dynamic range at least 6 orders of magnitude.
Enhanced FTI analyte base signal and higher precision at lower FTI
concentrations after addition of FTI IS.
Linear behavior between 1 and 100000 pg/ml, r = 0.99999x.
The study was performed in pure solvents. It is assumed that the
presence of similar compounds and/or matrix complexity could also
result in enhanced base signal.
Enhanced base signal effect is attributed to the SIL IS attenuation of
factors which deteriorate method performance for an analyte, e.g.
adsorption.
15. Results & Discussion (8)
Assessment signal saturation range
Signal saturation in Xevo TQ-S takes place at peak height 1.342 . 108
Peak height at 100 ng/ml for FTI quantifier around 7.3 . 107
=> Linear dynamic range probably extends to >100 ng/ml, possibly to
approximately 180 ng/ml.
Close to and/or after signal saturation there is a non-linear relation
between concentration and peak area. The signal increases as peak
width only.
16. Results & Discussion (9)
Assessment detection limit range
Base signal enhanced at 100 fg/ml after addition of FTI IS.
Enhancement effect might be more pronounced for analytes which
have major analytical issues. FTI is relatively straightforward to
analyze.
Below 1 pg/ml non-linear behavior of FTI signal.
However, signal still present at 100 fg/ml.
RSD in FTI peak area increases at lower concentrations.
17. Results & Discussion (10)
Expanding the opposite extremes of the linear range
Solutions for expanding the linear range near the detection limit:
Increase injection volume
Increase dwell time
Use smaller scale LC / nanospray
Solutions for expanding the linear range near signal saturation:
Decrease injection volume
Decrease dwell time
Use less intense transition
Use lower-abundance isotope as precursor
Deoptimize parameters e.g. cone voltage or needle position.
However, suboptimal settings could increase analytical variation.
Apply saturation correction algorithm.
18. Results & Discussion (11)
Quantifier and qualifier transitions
FTI: 1.00 ng/ml FTI IS: 4.00 ng/ml
19. Results & Discussion (12)
Ion ratios
Ion ratios are reproducible and similar between FTI and FTI IS
because the MS/MS settings were matched.
As expected, the presence of a C-terminal stable isotope labeled K
does not have a large impact on fragmentation behavior of FTI (IS).
By matching MS/MS settings for FTI and FTI IS, the latter can be used
as internal standard as well as calibrant, see also the next 2 slides.
Ion ratios
FTI: 0.1-100 ng/ml
FTI IS: 4 ng/ml
[M+2H]2+ => y7
+ / y6
+ [M+2H]2+ => y7
+ / a2
+ [M+2H]2+ => y6
+ / a2
+
FTI FTI IS FTI FTI IS FTI FTI IS
Average (n=24 for
FTI, n =24 for FTI IS)
1.72 1.72 2.68 2.69 1.56 1.56
RSD (%) 2.4 1.1 3.9 3.2 3.6 2.4
20. Results & Discussion (13)
Comparison FTI and FTI IS absolute signals (1)
Response factor comparison. FTI 1 pg/ml to 100 ng/ml.
FTI IS always 4 ng/ml
FTI: 27138 peak area per ng/ml (n=36, RSD 6.7%).
FTI IS: 28639 peak area per ng/ml (n=24, RSD 1.2%).
Experimental peak area ratio FTI IS / FTI = 1.06
21. Results & Discussion (14)
Comparison FTI and FTI IS absolute signals (2)
Calculation theoretical peak area ratio (Bioanalysis 2016, 8, 891-904):
(Fraction 1st isotope FTI IS / fraction 1st isotope FTI) multiplied by
(Molecular weight FTI / molecular weight FTI IS).
(0.6289 / 0.5855) * (969.05 / 976.99) = 1.07
Theoretical peak area ratio = 1.07
Only 1.0 % bias compared to 1.06 experimental peak area ratio.
=> Absolute signals reproducible and similar between FTI and FTI IS.
22. Conclusions
Dynamic range at least 6 orders of magnitude.
Enhanced analyte base signal and higher precision at lower FTI
concentrations through addition of FTI IS.
Only 1.00 fg or 1.03 amol FTI injected at lowest concentration 100
fg/ml.
Linear behavior between 1 and 100000 pg/ml.
Ion ratios and absolute signals reproducible and similar between FTI
and FTI IS.