This paper explored four models in determining the impact of four agricultural sub-sectors of on the Nigerian GDP. The data is on the contribution of four different sub-sectors of agriculture on Nigerian Economy and was obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin. The findings revealed that ridge regression and PCR are good regression estimation methods for predicting GDP. From the models there is strong indication that fish production in Nigeria is too insufficient to sustain her ever increasing population and improve her economy. Also, the ever increasing demand for fish by Nigerians due to high cost of meat in the market is clearly shown in the models and this stands to say that a lot need to be done to improve fish production in Nigeria to ensure sustainable growth and development. Okeke, Evelyn Nkiruka | Okeke, Joseph Uchenna"Exploratory Model of the Impact of Agriculture on Nigerian Economy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd162.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/development-economics/162/exploratory-model-of-the-impact-of-agriculture-on-nigerian-economy/okeke-evelyn-nkiruka
This research work examined the impact of Agriculture output on Economic Growth in Nigeria, with the objective of determining the relationship between the Agricultural sector and the Economic Growth rates in Nigeria. Thus, the research was aimed at examining the contributions of agriculture (value added) to the growth of the national economy, investigating government expenditure on agriculture in Nigeria, and determining the contributions of crop production from agriculture on the Nigerian economy. Data were collected from the World Bank Data base and CBN statistical bulletin. Co-Integration and Vector Error correction model techniques were employed as well as the Granger Causality test to determine the causality relationship between Agriculture and Economic Growth. As a result of the data collected, analyzed and interpreted, the research found that Agriculture has positive and long run impact on Economic Growth in Nigeria. The paper recommends amongst many other things that the Government of Nigeria should put in more efforts to diversify the Nigerian economy as the Nigerian agricultural sector currently suffers a lot of marginalization which has not enabled it to contribute more significantly as it should.
Measurement of Technical Efficiency of Small Scale Farmers under the Growth E...BRNSS Publication Hub
The study investigated the technical efficiency of small-scale farmers under the growth enhancement scheme in Egbeda and Surulere Local Government Areas of Oyo State. Multistage sampling technique was used in the random selection of 250 respondents using copies of a structured questionnaire. The result of average input used of respondents was farm size (1.59ha), labor used (23 man-days), seed (30 kg), years of education (6.23 years), fertilizer (259.69 kg), and seasonal extension contact (7) while the average input per farm was 4,162.89 kg. Efficiency of farmers was influenced by the significant input variables such as farm size (3.3749), fertilizer (0.2094), and experience were significant at 1% while years of education (0.6038) and agrochemicals (0.0846) were significant at 1% and 10%, respectively. The distribution of efficiency score showed that farms within the range of 0.81–0.90 were highest with 62.4%. It was, therefore, recommended that policy that will stimulate more extension services and labor availability to improve on output.
In recent times, agricultural sector has returned to the forefront of development issues in Nigeria given its contribution to employment creation, sustainable food supply and provision of raw materials to other sectors of the economy. In lieu of that, this study examines the impact of agriculture on the economic growth in Nigeria using annual time series data covering the sample period of 1981 to 2018. To analyse the data collected, Autoregression Distributed Lag (ARDL) model through the bounds testing framework is employed to measure the presence of cointegrating relations between real GDP, agricultural productivity, labour force, and agricultural export. Results show the presence of both short-run and long-run relationship among the variables, and that agriculture has a positive and significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria. These findings inform the Nigerian government on the need to expedite labour force (human capital) and agricultural export (non-oil) development with the view to achieving sustainable growth and development. In addition, developing skills and competencies of labour force through capacity building in the agricultural sector will encourage research and development thereby increase the export size, hence essential for long-term growth.
The agriculture sector continues to be the backbone of the Indian economy with around 50 per cent of population earning its livelihood from it. Contributing significantly to inclusive growth, the sector plays a vital role in India’s development journey. Despite this, agriculture is plagued by multifarious challenges. Some of the problems relate to the stagnation of yields, rising input costs, un-remunerative prices to farmers, among others. Hence it is pivotal that a turnaround is scripted in the agriculture sector which will be crucial for achieving inclusive growth. In this context, the distinctive and revolutionary vision enunciated by the Prime Minister of doubling farmer incomes by 2022 is undoubtedly praiseworthy and provides a remarkable opportunity to take the performance of Indian agriculture to a new level.
In the current issue of Economy Matters, the Focus of the Month is on “Reforming Agriculture Sector”. In Domestic Trends, we present an Economy Overview along with analysis of the latest data on Monsoon progress, IIP, Inflation, Monetary policy & Trade performance. In Policy Focus, the highlights of the key policies announced by the Government/RBI during July-August 2017. Global growth prospects and US fed policy stance is covered in Global Trends.
Agriculture has been the major source of livelihood in Nigeria, primarily because the environment is favorable for Agricultural practice. On the basis of climate, topography and vegetation the country is divided into five agricultural zones, namely Dry sub humid, Sub-humid, very humid and swamp/flood. Subsistence agriculture formed the major system of farming in the olden days which provide food crops for human consumption, while surplus are transported to the local markets for sale. Subsistence agriculture also forms the basis upon which all other system of farming are built. Hence, this paper examines the problems and prospects of subsistence agriculture in Ibarapa East local Government Area of Oyo State. Ten farming centres were used as samples in the area. Questionnaires were used to collect relevant data. Percentage and T-test distribution techniques were used to analyze the data. The findings show that there is low agricultural production in the study area as a result of problems such as shortage of fund, land tenure system, inadequate transportation system among others.
This research work examined the impact of Agriculture output on Economic Growth in Nigeria, with the objective of determining the relationship between the Agricultural sector and the Economic Growth rates in Nigeria. Thus, the research was aimed at examining the contributions of agriculture (value added) to the growth of the national economy, investigating government expenditure on agriculture in Nigeria, and determining the contributions of crop production from agriculture on the Nigerian economy. Data were collected from the World Bank Data base and CBN statistical bulletin. Co-Integration and Vector Error correction model techniques were employed as well as the Granger Causality test to determine the causality relationship between Agriculture and Economic Growth. As a result of the data collected, analyzed and interpreted, the research found that Agriculture has positive and long run impact on Economic Growth in Nigeria. The paper recommends amongst many other things that the Government of Nigeria should put in more efforts to diversify the Nigerian economy as the Nigerian agricultural sector currently suffers a lot of marginalization which has not enabled it to contribute more significantly as it should.
Measurement of Technical Efficiency of Small Scale Farmers under the Growth E...BRNSS Publication Hub
The study investigated the technical efficiency of small-scale farmers under the growth enhancement scheme in Egbeda and Surulere Local Government Areas of Oyo State. Multistage sampling technique was used in the random selection of 250 respondents using copies of a structured questionnaire. The result of average input used of respondents was farm size (1.59ha), labor used (23 man-days), seed (30 kg), years of education (6.23 years), fertilizer (259.69 kg), and seasonal extension contact (7) while the average input per farm was 4,162.89 kg. Efficiency of farmers was influenced by the significant input variables such as farm size (3.3749), fertilizer (0.2094), and experience were significant at 1% while years of education (0.6038) and agrochemicals (0.0846) were significant at 1% and 10%, respectively. The distribution of efficiency score showed that farms within the range of 0.81–0.90 were highest with 62.4%. It was, therefore, recommended that policy that will stimulate more extension services and labor availability to improve on output.
In recent times, agricultural sector has returned to the forefront of development issues in Nigeria given its contribution to employment creation, sustainable food supply and provision of raw materials to other sectors of the economy. In lieu of that, this study examines the impact of agriculture on the economic growth in Nigeria using annual time series data covering the sample period of 1981 to 2018. To analyse the data collected, Autoregression Distributed Lag (ARDL) model through the bounds testing framework is employed to measure the presence of cointegrating relations between real GDP, agricultural productivity, labour force, and agricultural export. Results show the presence of both short-run and long-run relationship among the variables, and that agriculture has a positive and significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria. These findings inform the Nigerian government on the need to expedite labour force (human capital) and agricultural export (non-oil) development with the view to achieving sustainable growth and development. In addition, developing skills and competencies of labour force through capacity building in the agricultural sector will encourage research and development thereby increase the export size, hence essential for long-term growth.
The agriculture sector continues to be the backbone of the Indian economy with around 50 per cent of population earning its livelihood from it. Contributing significantly to inclusive growth, the sector plays a vital role in India’s development journey. Despite this, agriculture is plagued by multifarious challenges. Some of the problems relate to the stagnation of yields, rising input costs, un-remunerative prices to farmers, among others. Hence it is pivotal that a turnaround is scripted in the agriculture sector which will be crucial for achieving inclusive growth. In this context, the distinctive and revolutionary vision enunciated by the Prime Minister of doubling farmer incomes by 2022 is undoubtedly praiseworthy and provides a remarkable opportunity to take the performance of Indian agriculture to a new level.
In the current issue of Economy Matters, the Focus of the Month is on “Reforming Agriculture Sector”. In Domestic Trends, we present an Economy Overview along with analysis of the latest data on Monsoon progress, IIP, Inflation, Monetary policy & Trade performance. In Policy Focus, the highlights of the key policies announced by the Government/RBI during July-August 2017. Global growth prospects and US fed policy stance is covered in Global Trends.
Agriculture has been the major source of livelihood in Nigeria, primarily because the environment is favorable for Agricultural practice. On the basis of climate, topography and vegetation the country is divided into five agricultural zones, namely Dry sub humid, Sub-humid, very humid and swamp/flood. Subsistence agriculture formed the major system of farming in the olden days which provide food crops for human consumption, while surplus are transported to the local markets for sale. Subsistence agriculture also forms the basis upon which all other system of farming are built. Hence, this paper examines the problems and prospects of subsistence agriculture in Ibarapa East local Government Area of Oyo State. Ten farming centres were used as samples in the area. Questionnaires were used to collect relevant data. Percentage and T-test distribution techniques were used to analyze the data. The findings show that there is low agricultural production in the study area as a result of problems such as shortage of fund, land tenure system, inadequate transportation system among others.
Role of agriculture in economic development of the ssaMulenge Peter
Sub-Saharan countries include the 48 independent countries that lie south of the Sahara desert, excluding South Africa, because its agriculture system reflects that of developed countries.
4th june ,2015 daily global rice e newsletter by riceplus magazineRiceplus Magazine
Riceplus Magazine shares daily International RICE News for global Rice Community. We publish daily two newsletters namely Global Rice News & ORYZA EXCLUSIVE News for readers .You can share any development news for readers.
Share your rice and agriculture related research write up with Riceplus Magazine contact riceplus@irp.edu.pk , mujahid.riceplus@gmail.com
For Advertisement & Specs mujahid.riceplus@gmail.com
The Role of agriculture in economic development - in TanzaniaElisha Magolanga
Agriculture continues to provide livelihood for about 80% of the labour force despite the trends towards income diversification and urbanization (Bryceson 1999; GoT 2011). The majority of farmers are smallholders who rely on traditional methods in cultivation and livestock-keeping. The average farm size is less than two hectares per household. Since the mid-1980s, the growth in domestic food production has lagged behind the population growth which has been over 2.5% annually. Especially the per capita production of fresh vegetables, roots and tubers has declined while wheat imports have grown manifold (Haapanen, 2011).
Performance Implication of Agricultural Transformation Agenda Support Program...ijtsrd
In a bid to revitalize the ailing agricultural sector in Nigeria, several programmes have been introduced by the government, one of such programmes is Agricultural Transformation Agenda Support Program Phase 1 Atasp 1 . Hence, this study was necessitated to look at the performance implication of the programme on participant farmers in Southeast Nigeria. The study specifically determined the effect of ATASP 1 interventions on the farm income of participants and ascertained the effect of ATASP 1 intervention on the farm profit of participants. A survey research design was adopted for the study. A total of 8,585 Rice 3248 and Cassava 5337 farmers are participating in the programme from Anambra and Enugu constituted the population for the study. A multi stage sampling technique was employed by the researcher. Taro Yamane sample size determination formula was further used to derive the sample size 730 of the study. R. Kumaison formula was adopted to allocate sample stratum for the study. Primary and secondary data were collected and used in the study. A combination of descriptive, regression and inferential statistics were utilized in data analysis. Results revealed that Pseudo R2 was 0.435 which implies that 43.5 variation in farmer's income was explained by the joint action of the programme interventions and that the Pseudo R2 was 0.300 which implies that the programme interventions explained 30.0 variation in the profit of farmers. Hence, it was concluded that ATASP 1 is a signifant and right step in the right direction to regalvanize the agricultural sector and give it the pride of place it desearves. Among others, the study recommended that there is a need for the programme to increase its efforts on financial market development intervention and that the programme implementers and policymakers are encouraged to increase their intervention in rural areas. Johnpaul Chimnedum Onyekineso | Nwankwo Frank "Performance Implication of Agricultural Transformation Agenda Support Program Phase 1 (Atasp-1): A Southeast Nigeria Experience" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46410.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/46410/performance-implication-of-agricultural-transformation-agenda-support-program-phase-1-atasp1-a-southeast-nigeria-experience/johnpaul-chimnedum-onyekineso
S13c4 chapter 4-facts and figures on economy.Shivu P
Here some of the facts and figures related to the economy of the nation and the world is given. Some facts like how economy is distributed to the various purposes including repaying the interest for the loans, various segments accounting for the employment and income generation, why some country remain as the low income nation, economic planning and so on.
Effect of Agricultural Transformation Agenda Support Program Phase 1 Atasp 1 ...ijtsrd
This study examined the effect of Agricultural Transformation Agenda Support Programme Phase 1 ATASP 1 on Farmers Performance in Southeast, Nigeria. It used a well structured questionnaire to collect data from a cross section of randomly selected 730 respondents. A combination of analytical tools such as descriptive statistics, Tobit and multiple regression analysis and inferential statistics were used for analysis. The study found that 56.6 of the farmers are males with an average age of 44 years, who are 87.8 married and have 10 years of formal schooling. Apart from over 19 years farming experience, the average 6 people per household is large enough to supply cheap family labour to the farmers. The study found out that the programme interventions are classified into three important components, which are infrastructure, financial market and commodity value chain development. It was also revealed that farmers adopted the following agricultural technologies the use of improved seed varieties, the use of ICT extension facilities, and keeping a good farm processing record to track changes, among others. The study, therefore, recommended among others, that the programme implementers need to be transparent in their disbursement and implementation of the project mandates and that there is a need to improve the literacy level of the farmers, as this will go a long way to improve their possibilities of technology adoption. Johnpaul Chimnedum Onyekineso | Nwankwo Frank "Effect of Agricultural Transformation Agenda Support Program Phase 1 (Atasp-1) on Farmers' Performance in Southeast, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46407.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/46407/effect-of-agricultural-transformation-agenda-support-program-phase-1-atasp1-on-farmers'-performance-in-southeast-nigeria/johnpaul-chimnedum-onyekineso
This study examined the effectiveness of agricultural protection policy and other macroeconomic variables on food supply, agricultural export, and farmers welfare in Nigeria, from 1980-2016 with a special interest in their relationship with the political economy. The specific objectives were to (i) estimate the degrees of agricultural protection, domestic agricultural food supply and economic welfare to farmers in Nigeria, (ii) determine the effectiveness of agricultural protection on food self-supply, agricultural export; and farmer-welfare. Data were obtained from secondary sources. Descriptive statistics and generalized method of moment (GMM) were used. Nigeria’s self-food supply was slightly above 50% while the rest of the consumption depended on importation. The welfare measure to farmers was relatively poor and not good enough to motivate them. There was a positive and significant relationship between export and agricultural protection. A significant and positive relationship also exists between farmer-welfare and protection in the sector.
The primary purpose of this paper is comparing six common models, which were linear, quadratic, Cobb-Douglas, translog, logarithmic, and transcendental, to estimate the supply and demand functions for Saudi Arabian wheat. In addition to estimating the market equilibrium for price and quantity, that led to identifying consumer and producer surplus. Data cover 1990-2014 for all the variables that used to show the effect supply and demand of Wheat. After testing the models using Stepwise and Box-Cox, we came up with the fact that the linear and Cobb-Douglas methods were the best models to show the relationship between variables. On the supply side, we found using the linear model, that wheat price had a negative sign, which represents the impact of government policy number 335. However, in the Cobb-Douglas model, the wheat price had a positive sign. The elasticity coefficient of supply for the wheat price was inelastic. Moreover, the result also showed that all the elasticity coefficients in the supply and demand models were inelastic. The low-income elasticity of demand led the consumption of wheat to increase.
This article talks about the Union Budget 2009-2010 and gives details whether it fits together with the vision 2020. It has been co- authored by Dr. Uday Salunkhe, Director of the prestigious Welingkar Institute of Management and Research.
Agripreneurship Development as a Tool for Revitalizing the Agricultural Secto...ijtsrd
Over reliance on crude oil as a currency exchange has resulted in a steady decline in the performance of the agricultural sector, which was Nigerias mainstay before the oil boom of the 1970s. At present, the Nigerian economy continues to struggle to retain its title of Africas largest economy, with recent fluctuations in oil prices having negatively impacted the economy, reflected in the low standard of living and increased rise in the cost of goods and services. Scholars agree that the Nigerian economy should be diversified through agriculture and that agripreneurship could improve the nations current economic situation. Therefore, enhanced performance of the agricultural sector could lead to economic recovery and sustainable development. Despite the fact that many awareness programs, workshops, seminars and presentations have also been organized by private and governmental bodies and organizations, strategies and support systems have been created by the government at both the state and federal levels to improve the agricultural sector, but results are still pointing Recent studies indicate that the performance of the agricultural sector in Nigeria is poor. This indicates that perhaps agripreneurship has not really been embraced and there appear to be some bottlenecks or obstacles that are hampering the improvement in the performance of the countrys agricultural sector. Agriculture is still practiced at the subsistence level. Accordingly, the focus of this study is to examine agripreneurship development as a tool for revitalizing the Agricultural sector performance of the economy which will in turn lead to economic growth and development. Dr. Chibike Onyije Nwuba | Chukwunonso Chukwudi Okoli "Agripreneurship Development as a Tool for Revitalizing the Agricultural Sector Performance of Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50498.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/50498/agripreneurship-development-as-a-tool-for-revitalizing-the-agricultural-sector-performance-of-nigeria/dr-chibike-onyije-nwuba
Challenges and Prospects of Agribusiness in Nigeria The Missing Linkijtsrd
For about three decades, the Nigerian government had initiated many policies and programs aimed at restoring the agricultural sector to its prominent position in the economy. However, various efforts to encourage investment and export diversification in the agricultural sector have not yielded favorable results. Great potential for investments and export diversification to generate higher economic growth remained untapped, as a result of challenges in the agricultural sector which have to be nipped in the bud. Therefore, this study identified these challenges and made recommendations to be implemented to remove these limitations in order to accelerate the achievement of economic growth and sustainable development in the country. The identified challenges or limitations consist of marketing problems, infrastructure deficiencies and unstable input and output prices. Measures to lift restrictions must include improvements in downstream commodity activities, environmental management, increased financing and efficiency in agricultural spending. The government should wake up and invest in infrastructure, and such investment must ensure infrastructure development in both urban and rural areas. Dr. Chibike Onyije Nwuba | Chukwunonso Chukwudi Okoli "Challenges and Prospects of Agribusiness in Nigeria: The Missing Link" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50510.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/50510/challenges-and-prospects-of-agribusiness-in-nigeria-the-missing-link/dr-chibike-onyije-nwuba
Marketing of Agricultural Products, a Panacea for Economic Growth and Sustain...ijtsrd
There is an urgent need for the revitalization of the Nigerian Agricultural sector especially now the economic situation of the economy is nothing to write home about. The Agricultural sector of Nigeria was neglected for years owing to the discovery of crude oil in the 70s. Crude oil exportation gradually replaced Agricultural products exportation until Nigeria became a mono product exporting nation. The current fall in oil prices have led to the recent clamor for the diversification of the economy through agricultural export performance. Serveral policies have been implemented by the government both in state and federal levels in order to boost the agricultural sector but no significant change has been achieved. This indicates that the sector is faced with challenges which must be identified and nipped in the bud for the sector to flourish. Marketing of Agricultural products has been identified by various researchers globally and in Nigeria as the major problems of the Agricultural sector. Various scholars have discovered that if the right marketing practices is not put in place in the Agricultural sector of an economy, the sector would not flourish. Therefore the thrust of this conceptual study was to identify the problems associated with the marketing of Agricultural products with a view to proffering recommendations of the best marketing practices to adopt in order to boost the Agricultural sector of the economy for economic growth and sustainable development. Nwuba, Chibike Onyije "Marketing of Agricultural Products, a Panacea for Economic Growth and Sustainable Development in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38503.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/38503/marketing-of-agricultural-products-a-panacea-for-economic-growth-and-sustainable-development-in-nigeria/nwuba-chibike-onyije
Role of agriculture in economic development of the ssaMulenge Peter
Sub-Saharan countries include the 48 independent countries that lie south of the Sahara desert, excluding South Africa, because its agriculture system reflects that of developed countries.
4th june ,2015 daily global rice e newsletter by riceplus magazineRiceplus Magazine
Riceplus Magazine shares daily International RICE News for global Rice Community. We publish daily two newsletters namely Global Rice News & ORYZA EXCLUSIVE News for readers .You can share any development news for readers.
Share your rice and agriculture related research write up with Riceplus Magazine contact riceplus@irp.edu.pk , mujahid.riceplus@gmail.com
For Advertisement & Specs mujahid.riceplus@gmail.com
The Role of agriculture in economic development - in TanzaniaElisha Magolanga
Agriculture continues to provide livelihood for about 80% of the labour force despite the trends towards income diversification and urbanization (Bryceson 1999; GoT 2011). The majority of farmers are smallholders who rely on traditional methods in cultivation and livestock-keeping. The average farm size is less than two hectares per household. Since the mid-1980s, the growth in domestic food production has lagged behind the population growth which has been over 2.5% annually. Especially the per capita production of fresh vegetables, roots and tubers has declined while wheat imports have grown manifold (Haapanen, 2011).
Performance Implication of Agricultural Transformation Agenda Support Program...ijtsrd
In a bid to revitalize the ailing agricultural sector in Nigeria, several programmes have been introduced by the government, one of such programmes is Agricultural Transformation Agenda Support Program Phase 1 Atasp 1 . Hence, this study was necessitated to look at the performance implication of the programme on participant farmers in Southeast Nigeria. The study specifically determined the effect of ATASP 1 interventions on the farm income of participants and ascertained the effect of ATASP 1 intervention on the farm profit of participants. A survey research design was adopted for the study. A total of 8,585 Rice 3248 and Cassava 5337 farmers are participating in the programme from Anambra and Enugu constituted the population for the study. A multi stage sampling technique was employed by the researcher. Taro Yamane sample size determination formula was further used to derive the sample size 730 of the study. R. Kumaison formula was adopted to allocate sample stratum for the study. Primary and secondary data were collected and used in the study. A combination of descriptive, regression and inferential statistics were utilized in data analysis. Results revealed that Pseudo R2 was 0.435 which implies that 43.5 variation in farmer's income was explained by the joint action of the programme interventions and that the Pseudo R2 was 0.300 which implies that the programme interventions explained 30.0 variation in the profit of farmers. Hence, it was concluded that ATASP 1 is a signifant and right step in the right direction to regalvanize the agricultural sector and give it the pride of place it desearves. Among others, the study recommended that there is a need for the programme to increase its efforts on financial market development intervention and that the programme implementers and policymakers are encouraged to increase their intervention in rural areas. Johnpaul Chimnedum Onyekineso | Nwankwo Frank "Performance Implication of Agricultural Transformation Agenda Support Program Phase 1 (Atasp-1): A Southeast Nigeria Experience" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46410.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/46410/performance-implication-of-agricultural-transformation-agenda-support-program-phase-1-atasp1-a-southeast-nigeria-experience/johnpaul-chimnedum-onyekineso
S13c4 chapter 4-facts and figures on economy.Shivu P
Here some of the facts and figures related to the economy of the nation and the world is given. Some facts like how economy is distributed to the various purposes including repaying the interest for the loans, various segments accounting for the employment and income generation, why some country remain as the low income nation, economic planning and so on.
Effect of Agricultural Transformation Agenda Support Program Phase 1 Atasp 1 ...ijtsrd
This study examined the effect of Agricultural Transformation Agenda Support Programme Phase 1 ATASP 1 on Farmers Performance in Southeast, Nigeria. It used a well structured questionnaire to collect data from a cross section of randomly selected 730 respondents. A combination of analytical tools such as descriptive statistics, Tobit and multiple regression analysis and inferential statistics were used for analysis. The study found that 56.6 of the farmers are males with an average age of 44 years, who are 87.8 married and have 10 years of formal schooling. Apart from over 19 years farming experience, the average 6 people per household is large enough to supply cheap family labour to the farmers. The study found out that the programme interventions are classified into three important components, which are infrastructure, financial market and commodity value chain development. It was also revealed that farmers adopted the following agricultural technologies the use of improved seed varieties, the use of ICT extension facilities, and keeping a good farm processing record to track changes, among others. The study, therefore, recommended among others, that the programme implementers need to be transparent in their disbursement and implementation of the project mandates and that there is a need to improve the literacy level of the farmers, as this will go a long way to improve their possibilities of technology adoption. Johnpaul Chimnedum Onyekineso | Nwankwo Frank "Effect of Agricultural Transformation Agenda Support Program Phase 1 (Atasp-1) on Farmers' Performance in Southeast, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46407.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/46407/effect-of-agricultural-transformation-agenda-support-program-phase-1-atasp1-on-farmers'-performance-in-southeast-nigeria/johnpaul-chimnedum-onyekineso
This study examined the effectiveness of agricultural protection policy and other macroeconomic variables on food supply, agricultural export, and farmers welfare in Nigeria, from 1980-2016 with a special interest in their relationship with the political economy. The specific objectives were to (i) estimate the degrees of agricultural protection, domestic agricultural food supply and economic welfare to farmers in Nigeria, (ii) determine the effectiveness of agricultural protection on food self-supply, agricultural export; and farmer-welfare. Data were obtained from secondary sources. Descriptive statistics and generalized method of moment (GMM) were used. Nigeria’s self-food supply was slightly above 50% while the rest of the consumption depended on importation. The welfare measure to farmers was relatively poor and not good enough to motivate them. There was a positive and significant relationship between export and agricultural protection. A significant and positive relationship also exists between farmer-welfare and protection in the sector.
The primary purpose of this paper is comparing six common models, which were linear, quadratic, Cobb-Douglas, translog, logarithmic, and transcendental, to estimate the supply and demand functions for Saudi Arabian wheat. In addition to estimating the market equilibrium for price and quantity, that led to identifying consumer and producer surplus. Data cover 1990-2014 for all the variables that used to show the effect supply and demand of Wheat. After testing the models using Stepwise and Box-Cox, we came up with the fact that the linear and Cobb-Douglas methods were the best models to show the relationship between variables. On the supply side, we found using the linear model, that wheat price had a negative sign, which represents the impact of government policy number 335. However, in the Cobb-Douglas model, the wheat price had a positive sign. The elasticity coefficient of supply for the wheat price was inelastic. Moreover, the result also showed that all the elasticity coefficients in the supply and demand models were inelastic. The low-income elasticity of demand led the consumption of wheat to increase.
This article talks about the Union Budget 2009-2010 and gives details whether it fits together with the vision 2020. It has been co- authored by Dr. Uday Salunkhe, Director of the prestigious Welingkar Institute of Management and Research.
Agripreneurship Development as a Tool for Revitalizing the Agricultural Secto...ijtsrd
Over reliance on crude oil as a currency exchange has resulted in a steady decline in the performance of the agricultural sector, which was Nigerias mainstay before the oil boom of the 1970s. At present, the Nigerian economy continues to struggle to retain its title of Africas largest economy, with recent fluctuations in oil prices having negatively impacted the economy, reflected in the low standard of living and increased rise in the cost of goods and services. Scholars agree that the Nigerian economy should be diversified through agriculture and that agripreneurship could improve the nations current economic situation. Therefore, enhanced performance of the agricultural sector could lead to economic recovery and sustainable development. Despite the fact that many awareness programs, workshops, seminars and presentations have also been organized by private and governmental bodies and organizations, strategies and support systems have been created by the government at both the state and federal levels to improve the agricultural sector, but results are still pointing Recent studies indicate that the performance of the agricultural sector in Nigeria is poor. This indicates that perhaps agripreneurship has not really been embraced and there appear to be some bottlenecks or obstacles that are hampering the improvement in the performance of the countrys agricultural sector. Agriculture is still practiced at the subsistence level. Accordingly, the focus of this study is to examine agripreneurship development as a tool for revitalizing the Agricultural sector performance of the economy which will in turn lead to economic growth and development. Dr. Chibike Onyije Nwuba | Chukwunonso Chukwudi Okoli "Agripreneurship Development as a Tool for Revitalizing the Agricultural Sector Performance of Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50498.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/50498/agripreneurship-development-as-a-tool-for-revitalizing-the-agricultural-sector-performance-of-nigeria/dr-chibike-onyije-nwuba
Challenges and Prospects of Agribusiness in Nigeria The Missing Linkijtsrd
For about three decades, the Nigerian government had initiated many policies and programs aimed at restoring the agricultural sector to its prominent position in the economy. However, various efforts to encourage investment and export diversification in the agricultural sector have not yielded favorable results. Great potential for investments and export diversification to generate higher economic growth remained untapped, as a result of challenges in the agricultural sector which have to be nipped in the bud. Therefore, this study identified these challenges and made recommendations to be implemented to remove these limitations in order to accelerate the achievement of economic growth and sustainable development in the country. The identified challenges or limitations consist of marketing problems, infrastructure deficiencies and unstable input and output prices. Measures to lift restrictions must include improvements in downstream commodity activities, environmental management, increased financing and efficiency in agricultural spending. The government should wake up and invest in infrastructure, and such investment must ensure infrastructure development in both urban and rural areas. Dr. Chibike Onyije Nwuba | Chukwunonso Chukwudi Okoli "Challenges and Prospects of Agribusiness in Nigeria: The Missing Link" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50510.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/50510/challenges-and-prospects-of-agribusiness-in-nigeria-the-missing-link/dr-chibike-onyije-nwuba
Marketing of Agricultural Products, a Panacea for Economic Growth and Sustain...ijtsrd
There is an urgent need for the revitalization of the Nigerian Agricultural sector especially now the economic situation of the economy is nothing to write home about. The Agricultural sector of Nigeria was neglected for years owing to the discovery of crude oil in the 70s. Crude oil exportation gradually replaced Agricultural products exportation until Nigeria became a mono product exporting nation. The current fall in oil prices have led to the recent clamor for the diversification of the economy through agricultural export performance. Serveral policies have been implemented by the government both in state and federal levels in order to boost the agricultural sector but no significant change has been achieved. This indicates that the sector is faced with challenges which must be identified and nipped in the bud for the sector to flourish. Marketing of Agricultural products has been identified by various researchers globally and in Nigeria as the major problems of the Agricultural sector. Various scholars have discovered that if the right marketing practices is not put in place in the Agricultural sector of an economy, the sector would not flourish. Therefore the thrust of this conceptual study was to identify the problems associated with the marketing of Agricultural products with a view to proffering recommendations of the best marketing practices to adopt in order to boost the Agricultural sector of the economy for economic growth and sustainable development. Nwuba, Chibike Onyije "Marketing of Agricultural Products, a Panacea for Economic Growth and Sustainable Development in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38503.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/38503/marketing-of-agricultural-products-a-panacea-for-economic-growth-and-sustainable-development-in-nigeria/nwuba-chibike-onyije
The Impact of Agricultural and Industrial Sectors on Economic Development in ...iosrjce
This study aimed at investigating the impact of the agricultural and industrial sector on the overall
economic development of the Nigeria using secondary data from 1981 – 2012. A multiple regression approach
was used for the estimation. To determine the stability of the time series data used in the study, Augmented
Dickey–Fuller (ADF) and Philips–Perron (pp) unit root tests were adopted. The empirical results show
cointegration relations among Real GDP per capita (RGDPP), Agricultural contribution to RGDPP (ARG),
Industrial contribution to RGDPP (IND), Interest rate (INT) and Inflation rate (IFL) in the period under
investigation. Agricultural and industrial contributions to RGDPP are significant variables explaining
economic development in Nigeria. The overall result of the analysis indicates that these sectors have significant
positive effect on economic development of Nigeria both in the short-run and in the long-run. This research
therefore suggest that there is need for government and the private investors to focus their attention on these
sectors to boost the economy of the nation and efforts must be made to diversified the economy and focus should
be shifted away from export of crude oil only and more effort should be concentrated on agricultural and
industrial development. This would translate to meaningful development in these sectors which will trickle down
to create employment opportunities, enhance productivity and increase agricultural production for exports.
Agripreneurship Development Strategy for Economic Recovery and Sustainable De...ijtsrd
Over dependence on crude oil for foreign exchange have led to the steady dwindle in the Agricultural sector performance which was Nigerias main stay prior to the oil boom in the 70s. Currently, Nigerias economy has continued to scuffle to retain its title Africas largest economy with the recent fluctuations in oil prices which have affected the economy negatively which is evident in the low standard of living, and the heightened increase in the cost of goods and services. There is an agreement among scholars that the Nigerian economy should be diversified through agriculture and that Agripreneurship could revamp the current economic situation of the nation. Therefore, increased Agricultural sector performance could lead to economic recovery and sustainable development. Despite the fact that a lot of sensitization programmes, workshops, seminars and presentations have been organized by private and government agencies and organizations also, polices and support Systems were created by the government both in the state and Federal levels so as to enhance the Agricultural sector, yet results from recent studies still indicate that the Agricultural sector performance in Nigeria is low. This indicates that perhaps Agripreneurship has not really been embraced and there are seemingly the existence of some bottlenecks or barriers which inhibit the increase in the Agricultural sector performance of the country, Agriculture is still practiced in subsistence level. Accordingly, the thrust of this study is to explore agripreneurship development as a strategy for economic recovery and sustainable development. Dr. Chibike Onyije Nwuba "Agripreneurship Development Strategy for Economic Recovery and Sustainable Development in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50314.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/50314/agripreneurship-development-strategy-for-economic-recovery-and-sustainable-development-in-nigeria/dr-chibike-onyije-nwuba
Cattle Rearing and its Contribution to the Nigerian Economy: An Econometric A...Triple A Research Journal
ABSTRACT
Scholars in their quest to study the fortunes or otherwise of the agricultural sector has dwell so much on crop farming to the neglect of livestock production. By the early 1970s, as the general standard of living improved, the demand for meat in Nigeria exceeded the domestic supply. Thus, 30 to 40 percent of the beef consumed in Nigeria was imported from Niger, Chad, and other neighboring countries. In the mid-1970s, Nigeria began importing frozen beef in response to export restrictions initiated by its neighbors. This study therefore is targeted at empirically examining the impact of cattle rearing and its contribution to the Nigerian economy. Using various econometric tools of analysis, the variables for study were tested for stationarity and all variables became stationary at first difference. In the same vein, evidence reveals that series in the model (GDP, Cattle-Prod and Agric-Exp) exhibit long-run equilibrium relationship judging from the Johansen cointegration result. Major findings from the OLS regression output reveals that cattle rearing have no significant contribution to the Nigerian economy during the period under reference. The study therefore recommends that in view of the importance of cattle rearing to the Nigerian economy, the government should first and foremost bring the age-long clashes between herdsmen and farmers to a peaceful end for improve output in the livestock sub-sector. Ranching – a method of raising livestock under range conditions – has been suggested as the best solution to the incessant Fulani herdsmen / farmers crises. Secondly, the Federal Government must as a matter of urgent importance do all that is within its reach to contain the menace of cattle rustling prevalent in the country. Finally, government should create well-equipped special reserves across the country with irrigation, dams, educational, health and recreational facilities where these herdsmen can be stationed with their cows to avoid the incessant farmers-herdsmen clashes. We must come to terms with the reality that these herdsmen also need decent living and care from government.
Keywords: Nigerian Economy, Cattle rearing, Ranching, OLS
Assessing agricultural commercialization and rural infrastructure development...Olutosin Ademola Otekunrin
This study assessed agricultural commercialization and rural infrastructure development of smallholder cassava farmers in rural Southwestern Nigeria. The study was conducted in Nigeria with cross-sectional data collected from 352 smallholder cassava farmers. Crop commercialization index (CCI) was used to compute each farmer’s CCI and categorized into four levels while ordered logit model was employed to analyze the determinants of agricultural commercialization of cassava farmers in the study areas. Availability of some important rural infrastructures were assessed across cassava farmers’ commercialization levels. The results revealed that 13.1 % of cassava farmers did not participate in the sale of cassava roots while 86.9 % of them participated actively in the output market. T he mean and maximum CCI in the study areas was 59.1 and 95.5 respectively. The results also showed that less than 40 % and 20 % of cassava farmers in all commercialization levels had access to electricity and piped water respectively. The ordered logit regression analysis indicated that age, transport cost, cassava marketing experience, and distance to market were among the determinants of agricultural commercialization. Therefore, stakeholders should expedite policy actions capable of promoting rural infrastructure development that will enhance agricultural production, marketing and improve the quality of life of rural farming communities.
Assessing agricultural commercialization and rural infrastructure development...Olutosin Ademola Otekunrin
Abstract: This study assessed agricultural commercialization and rural infrastructure development of smallholder cassava farmers in rural Southwestern Nigeria. The study was conducted in Nigeria with cross-sectional data collected from 352 smallholder cassava farmers. Crop commercialization index (CCI) was used to compute each farmer’s CCI and categorized into four levels while ordered logit model was employed to analyze the determinants of agricultural commercialization of cassava farmers in the study areas. Availability of some important rural infrastructures were assessed across cassava farmers’ commercialization levels. The results revealed that 13.1 % of cassava farmers did not participate in the sale of cassava roots while 86.9 % of them participated actively in the output market. T he mean and maximum CCI in the study areas was 59.1 and 95.5 respectively. The results also showed that less than 40 % and 20 % of cassava farmers in all commercialization levels had access to electricity and piped water respectively. The ordered logit regression analysis indicated that age, transport cost, cassava marketing experience, and distance to market were among the determinants of agricultural commercialization. Therefore, stakeholders should expedite policy actions capable of promoting rural infrastructure development that will enhance agricultural production, marketing and improve the quality of life of rural farming communities.
Determinants of Income Inequality Among Cooperative Farmers in Anambra Stateijtsrd
This study examines determinants of income inequality among cooperative farmers in Anambra State. The study, modeled variables like farmers efficiency, technology, market proximity, credit obtained, farm size, soil fertility, crop type, input supply and agric extension services using descriptive and inferential statistics. The population of this study was made up of 298 members of selected cooperative societies in Anambra State and a sample of 171 was determined for the study using Taro Yamane formula. A structured questionnaire was administered to 171 respondents but only 115 responded to the questionnaire. The data collected using the questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that apart from market proximity which was not significant, all other factors farmers' efficiency, technology, credit obtained, farm size, soil fertility, crop type, input supply and agric extension services contributed significantly to the farmers' income. This study therefore recommends that The government should carry out a public enlightenment campaign on the potentials of agricultural cooperatives as sustainable approach for reducing income inequality through synergy and emphasis should be placed more on cooperative education as requirement for growth and development since most of the people in the target areas has low educational background. The agricultural cooperative subsector should be adequately financed to help improve the farmers' income and also reduce income inequality. Agricultural technology transfer through extension services should be encouraged to help create awareness and increase adoption of better ways farming so as to increase the farmers' income and reduce income inequality among others. Anigbogu, Theresa Ukamaka | Uzondu, Chikodiri Scholastica ""Determinants of Income Inequality Among Cooperative Farmers in Anambra State"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23149.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/economics/23149/determinants-of-income-inequality-among-cooperative-farmers-in-anambra-state/anigbogu-theresa-ukamaka
Socioeconomic Effect of Cattle Grazing on Agricultural Output of Members of F...ijtsrd
This study examined the socioeconomic effect of cattle grazing on agricultural output of members farmers cooperative societies in Anambra State. The study specifically, examined the social, economic and demographic effect of cattle grazing on the output of members of farmers cooperative societies in Anambra State. This study is anchored on the Malthusian theory. The study was a survey research on a sample of 290 respondents that are drawn from members of selected cooperative societies. Data for the study obtained with the use of structured questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed cattle grazing has significant negative social effect on output of members of farmers cooperative societies in Anambra State. Cattle grazing has significant negative economic effect on output of members of farmers cooperative societies in Anambra State. Cattle grazing has no significant negative demographic effect on output of members of farmers cooperative societies in Anambra State. All the three coefficients social, economic and demographic effect of cattle grazing are significant determinant of output of members of farmers cooperative societies in Anambra State. In general, the joint effect of the explanatory variables independent variables in the model account for 0.860 or 86.0 of the variations in the output of members of farmers cooperative societies in Anambra State. Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made The government should address current security challenges in the country particularly as it affects the farmers and herders across the region. To avoid serious economic loss among farmers and herders, the government should encourage indigenous and commercial cattle ranching in each state. This will allay the fear of farmer on herders encroachment on their land. Open cattle grazing should be banned to avoid the demographic damages it causes to both farmers and herders. Anigbogu, Theresa Ukamaka | Ekwunife, Uzoamaka Blessing "Socioeconomic Effect of Cattle Grazing on Agricultural Output of Members of Farmers Cooperative Societies in Anambra State" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47562.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/47562/socioeconomic-effect-of-cattle-grazing-on-agricultural-output-of-members-of-farmers-cooperative-societies-in-anambra-state/anigbogu-theresa-ukamaka
Determinants of Poverty Status among Small Scale Catfish Farmers in Ikorodu L...ijtsrd
This study investigates determinants of the poverty status among fish farmers in Ikorodu local government area of Lagos state. A multistage random sampling technique was used in selecting a total of 80 small scale catfish farmers in the study area. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics such as frequency count, percentages and mean values. Logit regression model was used to analyze the determinants of the poverty status of the respondents in the study area. The study revealed that 71.25 of the fish farmers were male 43.75 of the fish farmers had a household size of between 6 10 67.50 of the fish farmers got credit from their personal funds the poverty line adopted for this study is N 4465.30 per month and 71.25 of the fish farmers are below the poverty line and thus they present the poor fish farmers in the study area. From the logit regression analysis, age, household size and years of experience were the major determinants of poverty status of the respondents in the study area. The result further revealed that some of the selected socio economic characteristics exhibited a significant relationship with the poverty status of the fish farmers. Hence, there is significant relationship between the poverty status of the fish farmers and their selected socio economic characteristics. The study therefore recommends the need for campaign and sensitization of rural households on family planning and child spacing techniques, so as to curtail excessive population growth. Adeleke O. A | Ajiboye Abiodun | R. O. Akintola | Fajobi, D. T | Adeleke, H. M "Determinants of Poverty Status among Small Scale Catfish Farmers in Ikorodu Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33007.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/economics/33007/determinants-of-poverty-status-among-small-scale-catfish-farmers-in-ikorodu-local-government-area-of-lagos-state-nigeria/adeleke-o-a
Strategies to Enhance Youths’ Involvement in Agricultural Production Enterpri...AI Publications
This paper determined strategies to enhance youths’ involvement in agricultural production enterprises for employment and sustainable development in Benue State. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. Survey research design was adopted. The study was carried out in Benue State. The population for the study was 1,691,657 made up of 1,691,515 youths and 142 agricultural extension agents. Multistage sampling technique was employed and 40 respondents made up of 258 youths and 142 extension agents were used for the study. All extension agents were used due to its manageable size. Data was collected using a 30 items questionnaire known as Youths’ Involvement in Agricultural Production Enterprise Questionnaire (YIAPEQ). Face validation of the instrument was done by three experts. Cronbach Alpha was used to determine the reliability and a coefficient of 0.82 was obtained. 400 copies of the instrument were distributed to the respondents and 384 copies were retrieved. Mean, standard deviational and t-test statistical tools were employed. The result showed that all the 13 items were factors inhibiting youths’ participation in agricultural production enterprises while all 17 items were accepted as strategies to enhance youths’ participation in agricultural production enterprises. It was recommended that youths should be mentored and encouraged through provision of loans among others. Also, agricultural production should be linked to social media to communicate innovations in agriculture to youths.
Uday salunkhe challenges and opportunties for agri sector in indiaudaysalunkhe
This article talks about the Challenges and opportunities for agriculture sector in India. It has been co- authored by Dr. Uday Salunkhe, Director of the prestigious Welingkar Institute of Management and Research
Similar to Exploratory Model of the Impact of Agriculture on Nigerian Economy (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Exploratory Model of the Impact of Agriculture on Nigerian Economy
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Exploratory Model of the Impact of Agriculture on Nigerian Economy
Okeke, Evelyn Nkiruka
Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Federal
University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria
Okeke, Joseph Uchenna
Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Federal
University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
This paper explored four models in determining the
impact of four agricultural sub-sectors of on the
Nigerian GDP. The data is on the contribution of four
different sub-sectors of agriculture on Nigerian
Economy and was obtained from Central Bank of
Nigeria statistical bulletin. The findings revealed that
ridge regression and PCR are good regression
estimation methods for predicting GDP. From the
models there is strong indication that fish production
in Nigeria is too insufficient to sustain her ever
increasing population and improve her economy.
Also, the ever increasing demand for fish by
Nigerians due to high cost of meat in the market is
clearly shown in the models and this stands to say that
a lot need to be done to improve fish production in
Nigeria to ensure sustainable growth and
development.
KEYWORD : Gross Domestic Product (GDP),
Agriculture, Economy, Crop production, Livestock
production, Fishery, Forestry, Multicollinearity, Ridge
regression, PCR, Adjusted R-squared, Standard error
of the estimate
1. Introduction
Agriculture is the process of producing food, feed,
fiber, fuel, medicinal plants and other goods by
cultivation and breeding of plants and animals. One of
the critical sectors that deserve attention in any
country’s economy, especially the developing
countries such as Nigeria, is agricultural sector.
Agriculture in Nigeria is a branch of the economy in
Nigeria that provides employment for about 30% of
the population as of 2010 (Wikipedia).
Nigeria’s agricultural development policy over the
years has been formed by the belief that the
development of agriculture is a sine-qua-non for the
overall growth and development of the economy.
Agricultural development efforts have been to
enhance and sustain the capacity of the sector in order
to ensure growth with emphasis on the attainment of a
sustainable level in the production of basic food
commodities, especially those in which the country
has comparative advantage. It also involve developing
the capacity to increase the production of agricultural
raw material to meet the growing needs of an
expanding industrial sector, as well as the production
and processing of the exportable cash crop to boost
the nation’s non-oil foreign exchange capacity.
Agricultural sector is seen as an engine that
contributes to the growth of the overall economy of
Nigeria. Despite this, the sector is still characterized
with low input, limited areas under cultivation, poor
agricultural machinery, and low input, which are
caused by government overdependence on mono-
cultural economy based on oil sector.
Many researchers have statistically analyzed the
contribution of agricultural sector on economic
growth of Nigeria. Sertoglu et al (2017) empirically
examines the impact of agricultural sector on the
economic growth of Nigeria, using time series from
1981to 2013 and discovered that Real Gross Domestic
Product (RGDP), agricultural output and oil rents
have a long-run equilibrium relationship. They
recommended that Government and policy makers
should embark on diversification and enhance more
allocation in terms of budgeting to the agricultural
sector.
Izuchukwu (2011) analyzed the contribution of
agricultural sector on the Nigerian economic
development using panel data sources from the
statistical bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria and
World Bank’s development indicators and discovered
a positive relationship between Gross Domestic
Product vis-a-vis domestic saving, government
expenditure on agricultural and foreign direct
investment between the period of 1966-2007.
This paper aimed at determining the impact of crops,
livestock, fisheries, and forestry sub-sectors on the
economic growth and development of Nigeria.
2. Agriculture and Nigerian Economy
Noko (2017) stated that agriculture is estimated to be
the largest contributor to the non-oil foreign
exchange. According to him a strong agricultural
sector is essential to economy development both in its
own rights and to simulate and support the growth of
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industries. Economy growth has gone hand in hand
with agricultural progress; stagflation in agriculture is
the principal explanation for poor economy
performance, while rising agricultural activities has
been the most concomitant of successful
industrialization (Ukeje 1999). The labour-intensive
character of the sector reduces its contribution to the
GDP; Noko lamented, and still maintained that
agricultural exports are a major earner of foreign
exchange in Nigeria.
In an effort to increase the agricultural production in
Nigeria, this year, 2017, the Central Bank of Nigeria
has approved the disbursement of about #75 billion as
loan to farmers in the 36 states and the Federal Capital
Territory (FCT) under the Nigerian Incentive-Based
Risk Sharing in Agricultural Lending (NIRSAL). The
loan guarantee scheme is a public-private sector
initiative set up to transform the country’s agricultural
sector. It was initiated by the Apex bank, the Banker’s
Committee and the Federal Ministry of Agriculture
and rural Development, to guarantee 75% loans
provided by Deposit Money Banks to farmers as part
of effort to transform the countries agricultural sector
(Uzonwanne 2017)
Gollin et al (2004) emphasized that low agricultural
productivity can substantially delay industrialization.
According to them improvement in the agricultural
productivity can hasten the start of industrialization
and hence have large effects on a country’s relative
income. It provides employment opportunities for the
teeming population, eradicates poverty and
contributes to the growth to the economy.
Ukeji (2003) submitted that in the 1960’s agriculture
contributed up to 64% to the nation’s total GDP but it
gradually declined to 48% in 1970’s and it continued
in 1980 to 20%, and 19% in 1985 which was as a
result of oil glut of the 1980’s. Historically, the root of
the crisis in Nigeria economy lies in the neglects of
the agricultural sector by the Federal Government of
Nigeria due to oil sector.
The GDP from agriculture decreased to 4,662,010.12
NGN million in the fourth quarter of 2016 from
5,035,069.07 NGN millions in the third quarter of
2016. GDP from agriculture in Nigeria averaged
369,673.12NGN million from 2010 until 2016,
reaching an all time high of 5,035,069.07NGN in the
third quarter of 2016 and a record low of
2,594,759.86NGN million in the first quarter of 2010
(CBN 2014). Below is the Table showing the GDP
from Agriculture and other sources
Table 1: Distribution of Last and Previous Quarter
of 2013 GDP from Agriculture and Others
GDP
Last Quarter
of 2013
Previous
Quarter
Agriculture 4,662,010.12 5,035,069.07
Construction 623,349.23 543,808.12
Manufacturing 1,645,401.74 1,614,894.65
Mining 2,041,492.97 1,624,018.01
Public
Administration
430,861.50 371,731.33
Services 6,977,150.10 6,035,650.62
Transport 217,313.24 210,972.66
Utilities 111,801.06 85,432.68
Source: National Bureau of Statistics
Fig 1: Last and Previous Quarter of 2016 GDP
from Agriculture and Others
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
8000000
Last Quarter of 2016
Previous Quarter
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In 1990, policy measures were initialized and
strategies designed to propel agricultural development
targeting the year 2010. Emphasis was on food,
livestock, the fisheries and the forestry.
Food crops constitute the largest component of crops
sub-sector of Nigeria’s agricultural sector. They are
categorized broadly into cereals, roots, tubers,
plantain, oil seeds and nuts, pulses, vegetables and
fruits, sugar and beverages.
For the purpose of planning of self-sufficiency in
livestock production, output in the sector has been
categorized into short and long term. Livestock whose
sufficiency level could be conveniently attained
within five years such as beef, poultry products, goat
meat, mutton, and pork were classified as short term
while those that would at least in 15years be sufficient
were categorized as long term.
Forestry concern is on the preservation and
maintenance of economic trees and plants. It also
involves the eradication of various forms of resources
associated with forest. Agriculturists derived a lot
from such plants preserved and they include: timber
for plywood, furniture, houses and boats,
manufacturing of papers, electric poles etc.
Fishing sub-sector involves breeding and catching
fishes from the rivers for human consumption. Fishing
constitutes major occupation of river line people. Fish
constitute main sources of protein. Ezeokoli (2011)
3. Data and its Presentation
The data used for this work is mainly secondary data,
sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical
bulletin (2014) via: annual report and statement of
account. Information on the annual GDP from
agricultural sub-sector: food crop production ( ),
livestock production ( ), forestry ( ), fishing ( )
and total GDP (Y) were collected for analysis. The
period covered is 33 years from 1981to 2013. Below
is the contribution of agricultural sector to total GDP
for the period of 32 years.
Fig. 2: Annual GDP from Agriculture from 1981to 2013
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Agriculture
Agriculture
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Fig. 3: Bar chart of Total GDP and GDP from Agriculture
The graphical display of four quarters of 2013 data is presented in figure 3 below to give us an overview of
each sub-sectors contribution to the entire GDP from Agriculture.
Fig. 2: Quarterly Gross Domestic Product at Current Basic Price (N’ Billion) for 2013
To determine the suitable model we are going to build
for our data, the correlation matrix for the data was
computed to check for possible correlates. The
correlation matrix for the data is shown in Appendix
A below.
4. Methodology
4.1 Collinearity
Collinearity is the existence of near perfect linear
relationship among the explanatory variables of
multiple regressions. Suppose we have the sum of
four explanatory variables + + + as in
the case of this our study as a component of a whole,
then there is tendency that the variables will be
linearly related to one another, thereby creating
inaccurate estimate of the regression coefficients.
Observe from the correlation matrix in Appendix A
that there exists perfect linear relationship between
crop production and livestock and near perfect
relationship among other variables. This is a case of
data that is suffering from multicollinearity. When the
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33
Total GDP
Agriculture
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
Agriculture Crop
production
Livestock Forestry Fishing
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
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multicollinearity occurs, least square estimates are
unbiased, but their variances are large so they may be
misleading.
From Appendix B, the OLS regression of the data
produces estimates with very high variance inflation
factor. This problem made us to compute the principal
component regression PCR which is a biased
estimation method often used in overcoming the
multicollinearity problem. PCR can lead to efficient
prediction of the outcome based on the assumed
model (GlitchdataWiki 2016). It tends to perform well
when the first principal components are enough to
explain most of the variation in the predictors. A
significant benefit of PCR is that by using the
principal components, if there is some degree of
multicollinearity between the variables in your data
sets, this procedure should be able to avoid this
problem since performing PCA on the raw data
produces linear combinations of the predictor that are
uncorrelated (Michy 2016). The PCR result of the
data in Appendix C was obtained from regressing first
principal component that accounted for 99.9% of the
total variability in the original data on the response
variable. The result produced a model that can
efficiently be used in predicting the outcome. The
result has the coefficient that is highly significant with
a very low VIF, but with a higher standard error and
lesser adjusted R-square than that of OLS. This led to
computation of another biased regression estimation
method for solving the problem of multicollinearity
known as ridge regression.
4.2 Ridge Regression
Ridge regression is a biased regression technique used
in analyzing multiple regression data when the
explanatory variables are linearly correlated. When
multicollinearity occurs, ordinary least square
regression (OLS) may produce estimates with inflated
variances thus giving us the model that are not
reliable. Ridge regression is like least square but it
shrinks the estimated coefficient towards zero by
adding a small constant term ≥ 0 to the diagonal
element of the ′ before finding it inverse as in the
case of OLS. Given a response vector ∈ and a
predictor matrix ∈ ×
the ridge regression
estimate is defined as the value of that
minimizes the penalized sum of squares ∑ ( −
′ ) + ∑ , that is,
= argmin
∈
( − ) +
= argmin
∈
‖ − ′ ‖ + ‖ ‖
The constant ≥ 0 (a pre-chosen constant) is a tuning
parameter which controls the strength of the penalty
term ∑ . Applying the ridge regression penalty
has the effect of shrinking the estimates toward zero;
introducing bias but reducing the variance of the
estimates. Equation (1) is equivalent to minimization
of ∑ ( − ∑ ) subject to ∑ < ,
that is, constraining the sum of the squared
coefficients. Note that
When = 0, we get the linear regression
estimate
When = ∞, we get = 0
For in between, we are balancing two ideas:
fitting a linear model of y on x, and shrinking the
coefficients.
Therefore the ridge regression coefficient can be
obtained thus,
= ( + ) ′
The variance of the ridge regression estimates is
= ( + ) ′ ( + )
The bias of the ridge regression estimates is
= − (
+ ) (Michy 2016)
The total variance ∑ ( ) is a monotone
decreasing function, while the total square bias
∑ ( ) is a monotone increasing
sequence with respect to .
The least eigenvalue of the explanatory variables is
chosen to be the value of in this study. This value
gives better result than other pre-assigned values as
suggested by Okeke and Okeke (2015). From
Appendix C we have this value to be 0.0001.
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5. Result and Discussion
Four different regression estimation methods were
computed in this work due to nature of our data. This
is to help us come up with a best model form
predicting the GDP of Nigeria.
5.1 Result from OLS
From the analysis we have that the OLS estimated
regression model of the variable Y is
= −212.745 + 2.8386 + 21.8189
+ 180.317 − 94.9677 3
The adjusted coefficient of determination was
obtained to be 0.9943, which indicates that the model
is adequate in predicting the dependent variable. The
standard error of the estimate is 987.792
To determine the power of each explanatory variable
in explaining the dependent variable, we standardized
the coefficients and have the model with the
standardized coefficients to be
= 0.833 + 0.466 + 0.717
− 1.019 4
The model (4) showed that crop production, Forestry
and livestock production have positive influence on
the total GDP of Nigeria. Fisheries have negative
influence on GDP. This result goes a long way to say
that much work is needed to be done in our fish
production in order to improve Nigerian economy.
The highest value of the coefficient of crop
production indicates that among the four agricultural
sub-sectors that crop production has strong influence
in her GDP. The very high values of VIF of the
coefficients gave rise to PCR.
5.2 Results from PCR
The PCR model of the data which was computed
using the first principal component was obtained to be
= −1.0 + 6.05PC
This model has adjusted R-square of 0.994 which is a
little lesser than that of OLS, but with very small VIF
of 1. The standard error of the model is 997.674 and
this is higher than that of OLS which is obtained to be
987.792. The calculated P-value of the PC is 0.000
which indicate that the linear combination (PC) is
highly significant in predicting y. The first principal
component used is
= 0.5000 + 0.5000 + 0.5000
+ 0.5000
5.3 Result from Ridge Regression
Different values of the tuning parameter k were
considered in our effort to build a model that will give
us better prediction. The values were: the least,
second to the least, the median and highest
eigenvalues of the explanatory variables. The least
eigenvalu value was finally chosen because it
provided the model with highest adjusted (which is
99.43) than the others with smallest standard error of
the estimate (s = 987.7905). The ridge regression
model
= −212.7437 + 2.8386 + 21.8188
+ 180.3174 − 94.9674
The ridge regression model with the standardized
coefficients is
= 0.8332 + 0.4602 + 0.7118
− 1.0074
Observe that the result of ridge regression is almost
exactly that of OLS but with little variation on the
standard error of the estimate and shrink on the values
of the regression coefficients.
5.4 Result from Stepwise Regression
The stepwise regression gave the estimated model of
the variable Y to be
= −7.128 + 3.397
The model has adjusted R-squared value of 0.994.
The VIF of the crop production which is the only
variable it retained is 1. The excluded factors are
livestock, forestry, and fishery with VIFs of 1849.138,
309.069, and 769.811 respectively. The standard error
of the estimate is obtained to be 995.2167.
REFERENCES
1) Central Bank of Nigeria (2014). Central Bank of
Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, vol. 12, December
2014
2) Ezeokoli, P. I. (2011). A regression analysis on
impact of Agriculture on Nigeria economy,
7. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development, Volume 1(4), ISSN: 2456-6470
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Unpublished B. Sc project, Nnamdi Azikiwe
University Awka
3) Glitchdat Wiki (2016). Principal component
regression,
http://wiki.glitchdata.com/index.php?title=Princip
al_Component_Regression
4) Gollin, D., Parente, S. L. and Rogerson, R.(2004).
Farm work, home work and international
productivity differences, Review of Economic
Dynamics, 7(4): 827-850
5) Izuchukwu, O. (2011). Analysis of the
contribution of agricultural sector on the Nigeria
economic development, Research Gate
6) Michy, A. (2016). Performing principal
component regression (PCR) in R, MilanoR, Italy,
http://www.milanor.net/blog/performing-
principal-components-regression-pcr-in-r/
7) Noko, E. J. (2017). Impact of agricultural sector
on Nigeria economic growth, Edu cac Info,
www.educacinfo.com/agricultural-sector-nigeria-
ecomomic-growth/
8) Setoglu, K., Ugural, S. and Bekun F. V (2013).
The contribution of agricultural sector on the
Nigeria economic development, International
Journal of Economics and Finance Issues, 7(1),
547-552,
https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijefi/arti
cle/viewFile/3941/pdf
9) Ukeje, E. U. (1999). The role of agricultural sector
as an accelerator for economic growth in Nigeria
economy,
www.projectfaculty.com/resources/resource-
economics-ecn433.htm
10) Ukeje, R. O. (2003). Macroeconomics: An
introduction, Davidson publications, Port
Harcourt
11) Uzonwanne, J. (2017). CBN approves #75 billion
loans for agricultural lending in states, Abuja,
Premium Times, Wednesday May 10,
www.premiumtimesng.com/.../5486-
cbn_approves_n75billion_loan_for_agricultural...
12) Wikipedia (2017).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_Nige
ria
Appendix A
Correlations
Crop
production
Livest
ock
Forest
ry
Fisher
y
GDP1
Crop
production
Pearson
Correlation
1 1.000**
.998**
.999**
.997**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000
N 33 33 33 33 33
Livestock
Pearson
Correlation
1.000**
1 .998**
.999**
.997**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000
N 33 33 33 33 33
Forestry
Pearson
Correlation
.998**
.998**
1 .999**
.996**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000
N 33 33 33 33 33
Fishery
Pearson
Correlation
.999**
.999**
.999**
1 .996**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000
N 33 33 33 33 33
GDP1 Pearson .997**
.997**
.996**
.996**
1
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Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000
N 33 33 33 33 33
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Appendix B
General Regression Analysis: Total GDP versus crop product, Livestock, ...
Regression Equation
Total GDP = -212.745 + 2.83862 crop production + 21.8189 Livestock + 180.317
Forestry - 94.9677 Fishery
Coefficients
Term Coef SE Coef T P
Constant -212.745 257.615 -0.82583 0.416
crop production 2.839 2.422 1.17179 0.251
Livestock 21.819 35.520 0.61427 0.544
Forestry 180.317 104.647 1.72310 0.096
Fishery -94.968 61.473 -1.54486 0.134
Summary of Model
S = 987.792 R-Sq = 99.50% R-Sq(adj) = 99.43%
PRESS = 116317651 R-Sq(pred) = 97.86%
Analysis of Variance
Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P
Regression 4 5413288403 5413288403 1353322101 1386.98 0.000000
Coefficientsa
Model
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standar
dized
Coeffici
ents
t Sig.
Correlations Collinearity Statistics
B
Std.
Error
Beta
Zero-
order
Par
tial
Part Tolerance VIF
1
(Constant) -212.745 257.615 -.826 .416
Crop
production
2.839 2.422 .833 1.172 .251 .997 .216 .016 .000 2820.006
Livestock 21.819 35.520 .466 .614 .544 .997 .115 .008 .000 3209.256
Forestry 180.317 104.647 .717 1.723 .096 .996 .310 .023 .001 966.184
Fishery -94.968 61.473 -1.019 -1.545 .134 .996
-
.280
-
.021
.000 2425.124
a. Dependent Variable: GDP1
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crop production 1 5409904756 1339775 1339775 1.37 0.251155
Livestock 1 425775 368175 368175 0.38 0.543994
Forestry 1 629191 2897030 2897030 2.97 0.095898
Fishery 1 2328682 2328682 2328682 2.39 0.133608
Error 28 27320512 27320512 975733
Total 32 5440608915
Fits and Diagnostics for Unusual Observations
Obs Total GDP Fit SE Fit Residual St Resid
29 24794.2 28224.1 486.235 -3429.83 -3.98896 R
30 33984.8 31588.9 425.350 2395.84 2.68736 R
31 37409.9 35387.7 469.032 2022.15 2.32610 R
33 42396.8 43640.6 913.823 -1243.88 -3.31660 R X
Appendix C
Principal Component Analysis: crop production, Livestock, Forestry, Fishery
Eigenanalysis of the Correlation Matrix
Eigenvalue 3.9969 0.0025 0.0005 0.0001
Proportion 0.999 0.001 0.000 0.000
Cumulative 0.999 1.000 1.000 1.000
Variable PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4
crop production 0.500 0.333 -0.585 0.544
Livestock 0.500 0.537 0.109 -0.671
Forestry 0.500 -0.768 -0.278 -0.288
Fishery 0.500 -0.102 0.754 0.414