The document provides explanations on several topics: - Explanation text explains processes relating to natural, social, scientific, and cultural phenomena using "why" and "how". - The purpose is to explain how and why things occur through sequenced explanations of stages or chronological steps. - Explanation text uses generic language, simple present tense, and temporal and causal conjunctions.

1. Explanation Text
Explanation is a kind of text which tells or
explains processes relating to forming of
natural, social, scientific, and cultural
phenomena. In other words, explanation
text is to tell “why” and “how” of the
forming of the phenomena.

2. Purposes of Explanation Text:
To explain why things are as they are
and how they are formed or made
To explain the stages of the process of how
certain phenomenon or event happens
To explain the processes involved in the
evolution of natural and social phenomenon or
how something works.

3. The genre of explanation text
can be found in science,
geography, and history text
books.

4. General Structure of Explanation Text:
General Statement
A Sequenced explanation of the stage
It is the general statement about the phenomenon issue
which is to be explained.
It consists of sequenced explanation of why/how
something occurs, or a series of chronological steps
which explain “how” or “why” something happens.

5. Language Feature of Explanation Text:
Focus on generic, non-human participants,
or things.
Use of simple present tense.
Use of temporal and causal conjunctions.
Sometimes, use of passive voice

6. Tsunami
The term of “Tsunami” comes from the Japanese
which means harbor (“tsu”) and wave (“nami”). A
tsunami is a series of waves generated when water in
lake or the sea is rapidly displaced on a massive scale.
A tsunami can be generated when the sea-floor
abruptly deforms and vertically displaced the
overlying water. Such large vertical movements of the
earth’s crust can occur at plate boundaries .
Subduction of earthquakes are particularly
effective in generating tsunamis, and occur where
denser oceanic plates slip under continental plates.

7. As the displaced water mass moves under the
influence of gravity to regain its equilibrium, it radiates
across the ocean like ripples on a pond.
Tsunami always brings great damage. Most of the
damage is caused by the huge mass of water behind the
initial wave front as the height of the sea keeps rising
fast and floods powerfully into the coastal area.

8. Quiz
1. Tornado (…..)
2. Volcano eruption (…)
3. Rainbow (….)
4. Fire (….)
5. Drought (….)
6. Storm
7. Landslide (….)
8. Snow (….)
9. Earthquake (….)
10. Flood (….)
a. Long period of very dry weather
b. Curve of many colors seen in the sky when the sun shines
through rain.
c. Destruction by fire or burning that causes destruction.
d. Sudden violent movement of the earth’s surface.
e. A great quantity of water coming over a place that is
usually dry.
f. Sliding of a mass of the earth.
g. Period of very strong winds.
h. Violent destructive storm with circular wind.
i. Frozen water falling from the sky in soft, white flakes, or a
mass of this on the ground.
j. The most dramatic effects produced by mountains.

9. Landslides
Landslide are __________(1) of rock, debris, and soil down
slope of land. While landslide are a naturally occurring
environment al hazard they have recently increased in frequency
in certain areas due to ______(2) such as clear cutting and
mining. There are many ________(3) of landslides. Seismic
activities have always been a _________(4) of landslides
throughout the world. Any time plate tectonics move the soil
that covers them moves with it. When earthquakes occur on
areas with steep slopes many times the soil slips causing
landslides. Landslides can also be caused by _______(5). When
sloped areas become completely saturated by heavy rainfall
many times, landslides can occur. Without the aid of mechanical
root ______(6) runs off when it contains too much water.

10. Temporal and Causal Conjunctions
Temporal Conjunctions (time-When)
Causal Conjunctions (reason-why)
The conjunctions are : as, after, as soon as, at
first, at once, before, finally, just, meanwhile,
next, now, since, then until, when, whenever,
while.
The conjunctions are: although, as a result, because,
by, consequently, despite, due to, for that reason,
in case, in order, in this way, otherwise, since, so,
so that, therefore, though, thus, to that end,
unless, until, yet.

11. The Process of Honey Making
Bees go to the flowers to collect
nectar. Nectar is a sweet of the flower.
Bees suck nectar with a little straw called
proboscis . Proboscis is built in the mouth
of the bee. They collect the nectar in a
special stomach.
Then they take the nectar to the hive.
Then they flap their wings very hard. This
turns the nectar into honey. Finally, the
bees cover the honey combs with wax.