english class #reading text

4. The purpose of Explanation text
1. To explain why things are as they are
and how they are formed or made.
2. To explain the stages of the process
of how certain phenomenon or event
happens.
3. To explain the processes involved in
the evolution of natural and social
phenomenon or how something
works.

5. Generic structure explanation text
A. general statement
It is the general statement about the phenomenon issue
which is to be explained.
B. A sequenced explanation
It consist of sequenced explanation of why/how something
occurs, or a series of chronological steps which explain “how”
or “why” something happens.
C.Language feature :
1. Focus on generic, non-human participants, or things.
2. Use of simple present tense
3. Use of temporal and causal conjungtion
4. Sometimes, use of passive voice

7. How tsunami happen
The term of “tsunami” comes
from the Japanese which means
harbour ("tsu") and wave ("nami").
A tsunamigk is a series of waves
generated when water in a lake or
the sea is rapidly displaced on a
massive scale.
Genera
l
statem
ent

8. A tsunami can be generated when the sea
floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the
overlying water. Such large vertical movements of
the earth's crust can occur at plate boundaries.
Subduction of earthquakes are particularly
effective in generating tsunamis, and occur where
denser oceanic plates slip under continental
plates.
As the displaced water mass moves under
the influence of gravity to regain its equilibrium, it
radiates across the ocean like ripples on a pond.
Tsunami always bring great damage. Most
of the damage is caused by the huge mass of
water behind the initial wave front, as the height
of the sea keeps rising fast and floods powerfully
into the coastal area.
A
sequenced
explanation
of the stage

9. Example of
explanation text

10. How Earthquakes Happen
Earthquake is one of the most
destroying natural disasters.
Unluckily it often happens in several
regions. Recently a horrible
earthquake has shaken West
Sumatra. It has brought great
damages. Why did it occur? Do you
know how an earthquake happens?
MAIN IDEA

11. Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground
suddenly breaks along a fault. This sudden release of energy causes the
seismic waves. It make the ground shake. When two blocks of rock or
two plates are rubbing against each other, they stick a little. They don't
just slide smoothly. The rocks are still pushing against each other, but
not moving. After a while, the rocks break because of all the pressure
that's built up. When the rocks break, the earthquake occurs.
During the earthquake and afterward, the plates or blocks of
rock start moving, and they continue to move until they get stuck again.
The spot underground where the rock breaks is called the focus of the
earthquake. The place right above the focus is called the epicenter of
the earthquake.
DETAIL INFORMATION

12. MAIN IDEA

13.  What is the author’s main point in the passage ?
The author’s main point in the passage is how
earthquakes happen
By looking at the title or first sentence of each

14. STATED DETAIL
QUESTIONS

15. It is stated in the passage that recently a horrible
earthquake has shaken in ….
According to the passage the spot underground
where the rock breaks is called…..
WEST SUMATRA
the focus of the earthquake
By using scanning you want to
know when something
happened, look for a place only
paragraph

17.  Which of the following is not true
based on the text ? …..
1.Recently a horrible earthquake has shaken West
Sumatra.
2.The earthquakes has brought small damages.
3.Earthquakes are usually caused when rock
underground suddenly breaks along a fault.
4.During the earthquake and afterward, the plates or
blocks of rock start moving, and they continue to
move until they get stuck again.
The earthquakes has brought small damages.

19.  It can be inferred from the passage
that the purpose of the text is .....
To explain the
processes involved
in the earthquakes
in detail.

20. VOCABULARY
IN CONTEXT
QUESTIONS

21. What is the meaning of “damages”in line 4
paragraph 1?
The word “regions” in line 2 paragraph 1 could
best be replaced by….
Damages means
kerugian / kerusakan
Regions = districts

22. • The word “rock“ in line 1 paragraph 2 could best be
replaced by…..
Rock = stone
By reading sentence
containing those
words.

24.  Where in the passage you can find informasion that
recently a horrible earthquake has shaken in West
Sumatra ?
In line three, the first
paragraph
By choosing the answer
that contains the key word
or idea.