The document provides information on several English grammar topics in 3-4 sentences each: 1) Phrasal verbs, which combine a verb with a preposition or adverb to create a new meaning, and examples like "ask somebody out" and "break up". 2) Modal verbs of advice like "should", "ought to", and "had better" used to give recommendations. 3) Future tenses using "will" for predictions, "going to" for intentions, and present continuous for arrangements. 4) Tag questions added to statements for confirmation or encouraging a response, with examples like "Jack is from Spain, isn't he?".

1. Phrasal Verbs.
Modal verbs of advice and
obligation.
Future Tenses.
Tag question with be.
By Gina Marcela Ramírez

2. Phrasal Verbs:
 A phrasal verb is a combination of a verb and preposition, a verb and an adverb, or a
verb with both an adverb and a preposition. A phrasal verb has a meaning which is
different from the original verb.
 Examples:
Phrasal Verb Meaning Sentence
Ask somebody
out
Invite on a date Brian asked Judy out to dinner and
a movie.
break up End a relationship My boyfriend and I broke up
yesterday.
call something
off
Cancel Jason called the wedding off
because he wasn't in love.
cut in Interrupt Your father cut in while I was
dancing with your uncle.
dress up Wear nice clothing It's a fancy restaurant so we have to
dress up.

3. Modal Verbs of Advice
 English speakers use the modal verbs “should,” “ought to” and “had better”
to express that they think something is a good (or a bad) idea. “Should” is the
most common way to give advice.
 Examples:
- Young children shouldn't watch violent TV shows.
- It's really cold outside. You ought to wear a warm jacket.
- You had better slow down. You are driving too fast!
- You had better do your homework. If you do not do your homework, the
teacher will give you a low mark.
- Amanda should go to the doctor.

4. Modal Verbs of
Obligation
 We use "must" to talk about
obligations. Often, when we use
"must", the authority for the
obligation comes from the person who
is speaking.
Examples:
- "You must do your homework every
night." (Because I say you must!)
- "I must stop smoking!" (Because I
think it's a good idea to stop.)
When we talk about
obligation in English, we
can use "must", "have to",
"need to" and "can't".

5.  We can also use "have to" to talk
about rules and regulations. The
authority for the obligation doesn't
come from the person who is
speaking.
Examples:
- "In England you have to pay tax.“
- Children have to go to school.
 We use "need to" to talk about
what is necessary.
- "You need to go to the
hairdresser's. Your hair is very
long."
 To say that there is an obligation
not to do something, use "mustn't".
"You mustn't play here – it's
dangerous!“
"He mustn't eat peanuts. He's
allergic to nuts."
 We can also use "can't":
"You can't go out tonight. You've
got homework."

6. Future Tenses: Will and Going to.
The auxiliary verb will is used in making predictions or simple statements of fact
about the future. Also, The auxiliary verb going to is used in talking about
intentions. (An intention is a plan for the future that you have already thought
about.) Finally, The present continuous tense is used in talking about
arrangements. (An arrangement is is a plan for the future that you have already
thought about and discussed with someone else.)
Examples:
- Lunch break today will be 10 minutes longer than usual.
- We're going to buy a new car next month.
- I'm going to work in a bank when I leave school.
- I'm meeting my mother at the airport tomorrow.
- Our grandparents are visiting us this Christmas.

7. Tag Questions
 Question tags are short questions at the end of statements. They are mainly
used in speech when we want to:
1. confirm that something is true or not, or
2. to encourage a reply from the person we are speaking to.
Examples:
- Jack is from Spain, isn't he?
- They aren't funny, are they?
- This is Paul's pen, isn't it?
- This is your car, isn't it?
- They play football on Sundays, don't they?