materi bahsa ingris

1. Started EVERYTHING with :
Intention (Niat)
Pray (Do’a)
Efforts (Usaha)

3. Parts of Speech
Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs,
Adjectives, Adverbs, Conjunctions,
Prepositions, Interjections

4. Nouns (Nomina atau
kata benda)
 Person, place, thing, idea
 Concrete nouns – can be perceived with at
least one of the five senses (rock, salt,
scream)
 Abstract nouns – cannot be perceived with
the senses (humor, anger, fear)
 Common nouns – non-specific, just any old
person, place, thing or idea (boy, house,
shoe)
 Proper nouns – names a specific person,
place, thing or idea (Jeff, White House, Nike)
Parts of speech

5. There are 20 nouns in the following paragraph. Then
label each noun as common or proper, concrete or
abstract.
This summer we went on vacation to
the beach. Usually we go to Orange
Beach, but this time we went to Destin.
We had so much fun playing in the
sand and waves. We spent a lot of time
lying in the sun, too. We met some new
friends from Georgia. We all rode jet
skis and kayaks together. The condo
had a huge pool with a waterfall. The
entire week was pure joy.

6. Nouns in paragraph…
This summer we went on vacation to
the beach. Usually we go to Orange
Beach, but this time we went to Destin.
We had so much fun playing in the
sand and waves. We spent a lot of time
lying in the sun, too. We met some new
friends from Georgia. We all rode jet
skis and kayaks together. The condo
had a huge pool with a waterfall. The
entire week was pure joy.

7. Types of nouns…
1. summer – common, concrete 11. sun – common, concrete
2. vacation – common, concrete 12. friends – common, concrete
3. beach – common, concrete 13. Georgia – proper, concrete
4. Orange Beach – proper, concrete 14. jet skis – common, concrete
5. time – common, concrete 15. kayaks – common, concrete
6. Destin – proper, concrete 16. condo – common, concrete
7. fun – common, abstract 17. pool – common, concrete
8. sand – common, concrete 18. waterfall – common, concrete
9. waves – common, concrete 19. week - common, concrete
10. time – common, concrete 20. joy – common, abstract

8. Pronouns (Pronomina
atau kata ganti)
Replaces nouns
Instead of using the word boy or Jim, you
can use he, him, his…
Instead of cat, you can use it
Imagine having to write or speak with no
pronouns…..
Parts of speech

9. A language with no pronouns…
Julie forgot Julie’s homework at Julie’s
house and Julie was late for school. Julie
had to tell Julie’s teacher that Julie forgot
Julie’s homework and Julie’s teacher was
not happy. Julie’s teacher made Julie sit in
silent lunch and do Julie’s homework all
over again.
Can you imagine having to speak like this??? This
is why we have pronouns!!!

10. The paragraph with pronouns…
Julie forgot her homework at her house
and she was late for school. She had to
tell her teacher that she forgot her
homework and her teacher was not happy.
Julie’s teacher made her sit in silent lunch
and do her homework all over again.
Isn’t that easier???

11. Different kinds of pronouns
Personal pronouns – stand for people;
Bobby = he; Cindy = she; dog = it;
First person – I me my mine we us our
ours
Second person – you your yours
Third person – he him his she her hers it
its; they them their theirs

12. Identify the personal pronouns and tell
if they are first, second or third person.
1. The dentist asked me questions before looking
at my teeth.
2. You need to find your insurance card before
you go to the doctor.
3. He washed the car quickly and went on to
finish the rest of his chores.
4. Dad told the mechanics to call him about his
bill
5. I really don’t know why we have to go to all this
trouble just to throw a party.

13. Identify the personal pronouns and tell
if they are first, second or third person.
1. The dentist asked me questions before looking
at my teeth.
2. You need to find your insurance card before
you go to the doctor.
3. He washed the car quickly and went on to
finish the rest of his chores.
4. Dad told the mechanics to call him about his
bill
5. I really don’t know why we have to go to all this
trouble just to throw a party.

14. Reflexive pronouns
Refers back to the subject
Always ends in –self or –selves
Myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves,
himself, herself, itself, themselves
Example: Buddy fixed himself a sandwich
and watched t.v. until his mom got home.

15. Possessive pronouns
Personal pronouns that show ownership
Do not confuse the possessive its with it’s;
it’s is the contraction for “it is” or “it has”
Example: The cat chased its tail around in
circles until it fell over into its bowl of
water.

16. Demonstrative pronouns…
Points out a particular or specific person,
place, thing or idea
this, that, these, those
Example:
This is what I want. Or…
These are the right shoes. Or…
I always like to do that. Or…
Gabby likes those, too!

17. Demonstrative pronouns, cont’d…
Do not confuse a demonstrative pronoun
with an adjective; this, that, these, and
those can be an adjective if they have
something to describe…
Such as this car, that road, these flowers,
those trees
It’s only a demonstrative pronoun if it is
taking the place of a noun and works on its
own

18. Demonstrative pronoun or adjective?
1. You can have one of those if you want.
2. These papers are not graded yet.
3. I need this done right now.
4. Do you have one of these?
5. You could do that if you wanted to.
6. That cow looks sick.
7. This is the longest day of my life!
8. This book is one of the best I’ve ever read.

19. Answers for Demonstrative or
Adjective?
1. You can have one of those if you want. (dem)
2. These papers are not graded yet. (adj)
3. I need this done right now. (dem)
4. Do you have one of these? (dem)
5. You could do that if you wanted to. (dem)
6. That cow looks sick. (adj)
7. This is the longest day of my life! (dem)
8. This book is one of the best I’ve ever read.
(adj)

20. Indefinite pronoun…
Refers to a non-specific person, place,
thing, or idea
Examples: everyone (who exactly is
everyone?) many (just how many is
many?) some (how many?) something
(can you be more specific?) each (each
what?)

21. Identify the pronouns in the sentences
below…
1. Is your puppy losing its baby teeth?
2. This jacket is mine; that one must be his.
3. Something is different about your hair.
4. Your locker is next to hers.
5. Everyone knows the answer to that.
6. Shelia reminded herself of her test.
7. They treated themselves to a movie.
8. This is good, but her project is better.

22. Pronouns identified…
1. Is your puppy losing its baby teeth?
2. This jacket is mine; that one must be his.
3. Something is different about your hair.
4. Your locker is next to hers.
5. Everyone knows the answer to that.
6. Shelia reminded herself of her test.
7. They treated themselves to a movie.
8. This is good, but her project is better.

23. Now tell me what kind they are…
1. Is your puppy losing its baby teeth?
2. This jacket is mine; that one must be his.
3. Something is different about your hair.
4. Your locker is next to hers.
5. Everyone knows the answer to that.
6. Shelia reminded herself of her test.
7. They treated themselves to a movie.
8. This is good, but her project is better.
Your choices are: personal, possessive, demonstrative,
interrogative, indefinite or reflexive

24. Identifying pronouns…
1. Is your (pers) puppy losing its (poss) baby teeth?
2. This jacket is mine (poss); that one (indef) must be his
(poss).
3. Something (indef) is different about your (poss) hair.
4. Your (poss) locker is next to hers (poss).
5. Everyone (indef) knows the answer to that (demon).
6. Shelia reminded herself (reflex) of her (poss) test.
7. They (person) treated themselves (reflex) to a movie.
8. This (demon) is good, but her (poss) project is better.
Your choices are: personal, possessive, demonstrative,
indefinite or reflexive

25. Verbs – action and linking (Verba
atau kata kerja)
Shows action or a state of being
Action verbs – expresses physical or
mental action
Linking – connects the subject of a
sentence with a word in the predicate that
explains or describes the subject

26. Action verb
Find the action verbs in each of these
sentences:
1. I like it when we use computers in math
class.
2. Please clear the table, Jesse, and wash
the dishes.
3. I understand science much better than I
comprehend math.

27. Linking verbs
Linking verbs list: forms of the verb “be”
am is are was were has been
have been had been will be shall be
may be might be can be should be
would have been
Other linking verbs:
appear grow seem stay
become look smell taste
feel remain sound turn

28. Common Linking Verbs
 Show existence, being
am I am happy.
is He is a good student.
are They are here.
was The child was tired.
were We were in school.
be Please be on time.
being Please stop being rude.
been We have been here before.

29. Familiar Linking Verbs
 Show existence, being
look You look great!
feel I feel sick.
taste The lemon tastes sour.
sound This song sounds familiar.
smell The garbage smells awful.
appear You appear angry.
become He became president.
seem They seem tired.
remain She remained calm.
Hint: if you can replace a verb with Am, Is, Are, Was, or Were, the verb
is functioning as a LINKING VERB!

30. Linking Verbs [LV  PA / PN]
 Linking verbs “link”
the subject of the
sentence with a
noun or adjective
(a.k.a. Predicate
Noun or Predicate
Adjective) that gives
us information about
the subject.
 Examples:
I am a girl. (PN)
She was pretty. (PA)
I felt sick. (PA)*
This is my phone. (PN)
This tastes sour. (PA)*
The test is easy. (PA)
You look great! (PA)*
You are my hero. (PN)
*Hint: if you can replace a verb with Am, Is, Are, Was, or Were, the
verb is functioning as a LINKING VERB!

31. Linking or Action???
Some verbs can be action or linking…
Mark suddenly appeared from behind the
bush.
Mark appeared lonely at the dance.
Lora smelled the flowers.
The flowers smelled sweet.

32. Action or Linking???
 Here’s a trick:
If you aren’t sure if the verb is linking or not, try
substituting a linking “be” verb in its place
Lora smelled the flowers.
Lora is the flowers. (doesn’t work, so it must be an
action verb)
The flowers smelled sweet.
The flowers are sweet. (it works! So this is a
linking verb)

33. Linking or action? Use the trick and
identify each verb as action or linking?
1. The pie tasted so good after dinner.
2. The flowers grow well in my yard.
3. He grew tired as the speech went on.
4. Kiah looked everywhere for her jacket.
5. Tony sounded the alarm as the fire spread.
6. Shirah looked surprised at the party.
7. The speakers sounded broken.
8. She seemed worried all afternoon.
9. The weather turned nasty at dark.
10. He turned the light off.

34. Helping verbs
Some verbs that look like linking verbs, are
actually helping verbs. They “help” the
main action verb.
The flowers have attracted many butterflies.
You may find the answers in this book.
It could have been broken before now.
I do not like that flavor ice cream.
***The helping verb and main verb = verb
phrase.

35. Helping Verbs (a.k.a. Auxiliary Verbs)
 Helping verbs combine with the main verb to
form a verb phrase.
 A sentence can contain up to 3 helping verbs for
each main verb.
We have eaten these before.
I am driving a new car.
They should be sleeping by now.
We should have been studying all week.

36. Common Helping Verbs
 am I am eating this.
 is She is eating this.
 are They are eating this.
 was I was eating this.
 were They were eating this.
 be You should be eating this.
 being It is being eaten by you.
 been You could have been eating
this.

37. Common Helping Verbs
have I have studied.
has She has studied.
had We had studied together.
did We did study for the test.
does He does study each night.
do I do study every night.

38. Familiar Helping Verbs
 may You may eat now.
 must You must eat now.
 might He might eat now.
 can We can eat now.
 could They could eat now.
 should I should eat now.
 would We would eat now.
 will She will eat now.

39. Verbs practice: identify the verbs in the
following sentences. Don’t forget the helping
verbs.
1. This packet of information will help you.
2. Perhaps you and a friend can practice together.
3. At first, it may be a challenge.
4. You run fast and jump really high.
5. He looked very angry last night.
6. A cloud appeared out of the sky.
7. He grew three inches over the summer.
8. Josy learned how to dance the new salsa dance.
9. Those berries are called blueberries.
10. You can make the world a better place.

40. Verbs: Now, identify the verbs as linking
or action.
1. This packet of information will help you.
2. Perhaps you and a friend can practice together.
3. At first, it may be a challenge.
4. You run fast and jump really high.
5. He looked very angry last night.
6. A cloud appeared out of the sky.
7. He grew three inches over the summer.
8. Josy learned the new salsa dance.
9. Those berries are called blueberries.
10. You can make the world a better place.

41. Adjectives (Adjektiva atau kata sifat)
Modify (describe) nouns & pronouns
Answer these four questions:
Which one?
What kind?
How many?
How much?
Memorize these questions!!!!!!!!!!!!!

42. Adjectives
Which one? The blue coat, sixth grade
What kind? Nike shoes, the gentle dog
How many? Two tickets, most players
How much? A full glass, no work
Articles are the adjectives a, an & the

43. Proper adjectives
Formed from proper nouns
Begin with capital letter
Examples: Japanese islands, Mexican
food, Chinese alphabet, Mayan art,
Christian beliefs

44. Adjectives: identify the adjectives in the
sentences. Do not include a, an & the
1. A silvery moon rode down the western sky.
2. Long meadows spread out between two hills.
3. The smell of wild grass was strong.
4. The only sound we heard was the sharp
crackle of the fire.
5. I watched until the entire sky was glowing with
bright stars.
6. I was lonely and happy at the same time.

45. Adjectives: identify the adjectives in the
sentences. Do not include a, an & the
1. A silvery moon rode down the western sky.
2. Long meadows spread out between two hills.
3. The smell of wild grass was strong.
4. The only sound we heard was the sharp
crackle of the fire.
5. I watched until the entire sky was glowing with
bright stars.
6. I was lonely and happy at the same time.

46. Adverbs (Adverbia atau kata
keterangan)
 Modify (describe) verbs, adjectives, and other
adverbs
 Many times end in –ly
 Can be in almost any position in the sentence
 Answer these four questions:
When?
Where?
How?
To what extent?
Memorize these four questions for adverbs!!!

47. Adverbs
Examples:
When? Now, then, yesterday, soon
Where? Here, away, down, outside
How? Slowly, easily, quietly, clearly
To what extent? Very, really, too, almost
***Note: NOT is always an adverb! Even in a
contraction, such as can’t
(n’t is the adverb not)

48. Adverb practice: identify the adverbs in the
sentences. Remember: When? Where? How?
To what extent?
1. Please carefully put the package there.
2. She always makes me so mad!
3. Would you briefly explain the plan?
4. Very early in her career, she made millions.
5. You will not find any answers here.
6. Soon we will hear the results of the eagerly
awaited race.
7. I shut my door softly and tiptoed quietly away.
8. We seldom see this almost ridiculous behavior.

49. Adverbs
1. Please, carefully put the package there.
2. She always makes me so mad!
3. Now, would you briefly explain the plan?
4. Very early in her career, she made millions.
5. You will not find any answers here.
6. Soon we will hear the results of the eagerly
awaited race.
7. I shut my door softly and tiptoed quietly away.
8. We seldom see this almost ridiculous behavior.

50. Prepositions (Preposisi atau kata
depan)
Shows the relationship between a noun or
pronoun and some other word in the
sentence
Always used in a prepositional phrase
Prepositional phrase consists of a
preposition and the object of the
preposition
Example: under the table, behind the car

51. Prepositions: Commonly used list
aboard about
above across
after against
along among
around at
before behind
below beneath
beside between
beyond by
down during
except for
from in into
like of off
on over past
since through
throughout to toward
under underneath
until up upon
with within
without

52. Prepositions: compound prepositions
According to
Aside from
Because of
In addition to
In place of
In spite of
Next to
On account of
Out of

53. Prepositions: identify the prepositional
phrases in these sentences
1. During the summer I spend a lot of time in the
pool.
2. I bought a new outfit for the party at the mall.
3. Before you start, I think you might need some
help with that project.
4. You won’t have any tests in this class until next
week.
5. They live near the airport and behind the
stadium.

54. Prepositions
1. During the summer I spend a lot of time in the
pool.
2. I bought a new outfit for the party at the mall.
3. Before you start, I think you might need some
help with that project.
4. You won’t have any tests in this class until next
week.
5. They live near the airport and behind the
stadium.

55. Conjunctions (Konjungsi kata
hubung/kata sambung)
Joins words or groups of words
Two kinds of conjunctions:
Coordinating – and, or, for, nor, but, so,
yet
Correlative – works in pairs;
neither…nor, either…or, and so…but yet,
both…and, not only…but also

56. Conjunctions- find the conjunctions in
the sentences below
1. Both Andrew and Brett like to turkey hunt.
2. You love music, yet you don’t play any
instrument.
3. Neither Shelia nor Kerri have their homework,
and I can’t find mine.
4. Bugs Bunny is funny, but Elmer Fudd is
funnier!
5. You must come with us or go with Mom.
6. Lee not only excels at football, but he also
plays baseball well.
7. Mitch can either go to the beach or play all-
stars.
8. Jen likes to dance, so she is taking lessons.

57. Conjunctions- find the conjunctions in
the sentences below
1. Both Andrew and Brett like to turkey hunt.
2. You love music, yet you don’t play any
instrument.
3. Neither Shelia nor Kerri have their homework,
and I can’t find mine.
4. Bugs Bunny is funny, but Elmer Fudd is
funnier!
5. You must come with us or go with Mom.
6. Lee not only excels at football, but he also
plays baseball well.
7. Mitch can either go to the beach or play all-
stars.
8. Jen likes to dance, so she is taking lessons.

58. Interjections (Kata Seru)
Only shows emotion or adds emphasis
Does not change the meaning of the
sentence
Usually set off with commas
Examples:
Wow! You really did get a haircut!
Well, maybe Mom will let me go.
I kind of like, you know, that new guy.

59.  Interjections typically
indicate strong feelings
or excitement.
 Wow! We won!
 Ouch! That pan is hot!
 Yes! I got an A!
 Some interjections are
followed by commas,
and indicate a mild
feeling instead or a
strong one.
 Well, I better get started.
 Oh, how I dread
Mondays.
Ouch!
He yelled an interjection when
the nurse gave him an injection!

60. Types of sentences
There are three main types of sentence.
• A simple sentence.
• A compound sentence.
• A complex sentence.

61. Types of sentences
Simple sentence – one action. It contains a subject (the
person or thing doing the action) and a verb (a doing word).
The cat pounced.
(S) (V)
The mouse ran away.
(S) (V)

62. Types of sentences
Compound sentence – usually more than one action going
on. Two simple sentences, joined by “and” or “but”.
The cat pounced but
the mouse ran away.

63. Types of sentences
Complex sentence – a simple sentence plus a subordinate
clause which adds information to the sentence. The clause
cannot stand on its own as a sentence.
Although (Sub) the cat (S) pounced
(V), the mouse (S) ran (V) away.

64. Types of sentences
Sentence Clause
This is the house that Jack built.
This is the malt that lay in the house that Jack built.
This is the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house that Jack built.
This is the cat that chased the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house that Jack
built.

65. Types of sentences
Does this make sense?
It’s a clause, so it can’t stand on its own.
It has no mainverb.
(The verb ‘built’ is secondary in this sentence.)
“that Jack built.”

66. Types of sentences
The word ‘that’ tells use that a subordinate clause is on its way, and must be supported by the main
part of the sentence – “This is the house.”
“This is the house.”
What is the main verb here?

67. Types of sentences
Look at the book you are reading at the moment, and identify:
3 simple sentences.
2 compound sentences.
1 complex sentence.
In each case, show the main verb(s).