IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Determination of wind energy potential of campus area of siirt universitymehmet şahin
In this study, wind energy potential of Siirt
University campus area is statistically examined by using the mean hourly wind speed data between 2014
and 2015 years which are measured by Vantage Pro2 device, located at the roof of the Engineering Faculty building with 6 m altitude. Weibull distribution
function and Rayleigh distribution function are used
as statistical approach to evaluate the wind data. Weibull distribution function is examined by using two different methods that are maximum likelihood estimation and Rayleigh method. The determination
coefficient (R2) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values of these methods are compared. According the error analysis, it is indicated that the Rayleigh method
gives better results. Wind speed and wind power density are calculated in pursuance of Weibull distribution parameters. The results are evaluated as
monthly and annually. Hence, this preliminary study is made to determine the wind energy potential of Siirt University campus area.
A WIND POWER PREDICTION METHOD BASED ON BAYESIAN FUSIONcsandit
Wind power prediction (WPP) is of great importance to the safety of the power grid and the
effectiveness of power generations dispatching. However, the accuracy of WPP obtained by
single numerical weather prediction (NWP) is difficult to satisfy the demands of the power
system. In this research, we proposed a WPP method based on Bayesian fusion and multisource
NWPs. First, the statistic characteristics of the forecasted wind speed of each-source
NWP was analysed, pre-processed and transformed. Then, a fusion method based on Bayesian
method was designed to forecast the wind speed by using the multi-source NWPs, which is more
accurate than any original forecasted wind speed of each-source NWP. Finally, the neural
network method was employed to predict the wind power with the wind speed forecasted by
Bayesian method. The experimental results demonstrate that the accuracy of the forecasted
wind speed and wind power prediction is improved significantly.
The two main challenges of predicting the wind speed depend on various atmospheric factors and random variables. This paper explores the possibility of developing a wind speed prediction model using different Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Categorical Regression empirical model which could be used to estimate the wind speed in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India using SPSS software. The proposed Neural Network models are tested on real time wind data and enhanced with statistical capabilities. The objective is to predict accurate wind speed and to perform better in terms of minimization of errors using Multi Layer Perception Neural Network (MLPNN), Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) and Categorical Regression (CATREG). Results from the paper have shown good agreement between the estimated and measured values of wind speed.
Algeria engages with determination on the path renewable energies to bring global and long-lasting
solutions to the environmental challenges and to the problems of conservation of the energy resources of
fossil origin. Our study is interested on the wind spinneret which seems one of the most promising with a
very high global growth rate. The object of this article is to estimate the wind deposit of the region of Oran
(Es Senia), important stage in any planning and realization of wind plant. In our work, we began with the
processing of schedules data relative to the wind collected over a period of more than 50 years, to evaluate
the wind potential while determining its frequencies. Then, we calculated the total electrical energy
produced at various heights with three types of wind turbines.The analysis of the results shows that the
wind turbines of major powers allow producing important quantities of energy when we increase the height
of their hubs to take advantage of stronger speeds of wind.
An Experimental Study of Weibull and Rayleigh Distribution Functions of Wind ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper compares two commonly used functions, the Weibull and Rayleigh distribution
functions, for fitting a measured wind speed probability distribution at a given location over a certain period.
The monthly and annual measured wind speed data at 84 m height for the years have been statistically
analyzed for the country with a large capacity - Kitka. The analysis is made in the case of the
implementation of all the predicted capacity of wind turbines and by virtue of the probability of power
distribution. The Weibull and Rayleigh probability distribution functions have been determined and their
parameters have been identified. The average wind speed and the wind power density have been
estimated using both distribution functions and compared those estimated from the measured probability
distribution function. The Weibull distribution function fits the wind speed variation better than Rayleigh
distribution function. The average wind speed was found to be 4.5 m/s and the average wind power
density was 114.54 W/m According to results, we can conclude that such a distribution of winds in this
region yields an appropriate average value of wind power.
Determination of wind energy potential of campus area of siirt universitymehmet şahin
In this study, wind energy potential of Siirt
University campus area is statistically examined by using the mean hourly wind speed data between 2014
and 2015 years which are measured by Vantage Pro2 device, located at the roof of the Engineering Faculty building with 6 m altitude. Weibull distribution
function and Rayleigh distribution function are used
as statistical approach to evaluate the wind data. Weibull distribution function is examined by using two different methods that are maximum likelihood estimation and Rayleigh method. The determination
coefficient (R2) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values of these methods are compared. According the error analysis, it is indicated that the Rayleigh method
gives better results. Wind speed and wind power density are calculated in pursuance of Weibull distribution parameters. The results are evaluated as
monthly and annually. Hence, this preliminary study is made to determine the wind energy potential of Siirt University campus area.
A WIND POWER PREDICTION METHOD BASED ON BAYESIAN FUSIONcsandit
Wind power prediction (WPP) is of great importance to the safety of the power grid and the
effectiveness of power generations dispatching. However, the accuracy of WPP obtained by
single numerical weather prediction (NWP) is difficult to satisfy the demands of the power
system. In this research, we proposed a WPP method based on Bayesian fusion and multisource
NWPs. First, the statistic characteristics of the forecasted wind speed of each-source
NWP was analysed, pre-processed and transformed. Then, a fusion method based on Bayesian
method was designed to forecast the wind speed by using the multi-source NWPs, which is more
accurate than any original forecasted wind speed of each-source NWP. Finally, the neural
network method was employed to predict the wind power with the wind speed forecasted by
Bayesian method. The experimental results demonstrate that the accuracy of the forecasted
wind speed and wind power prediction is improved significantly.
The two main challenges of predicting the wind speed depend on various atmospheric factors and random variables. This paper explores the possibility of developing a wind speed prediction model using different Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Categorical Regression empirical model which could be used to estimate the wind speed in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India using SPSS software. The proposed Neural Network models are tested on real time wind data and enhanced with statistical capabilities. The objective is to predict accurate wind speed and to perform better in terms of minimization of errors using Multi Layer Perception Neural Network (MLPNN), Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) and Categorical Regression (CATREG). Results from the paper have shown good agreement between the estimated and measured values of wind speed.
Algeria engages with determination on the path renewable energies to bring global and long-lasting
solutions to the environmental challenges and to the problems of conservation of the energy resources of
fossil origin. Our study is interested on the wind spinneret which seems one of the most promising with a
very high global growth rate. The object of this article is to estimate the wind deposit of the region of Oran
(Es Senia), important stage in any planning and realization of wind plant. In our work, we began with the
processing of schedules data relative to the wind collected over a period of more than 50 years, to evaluate
the wind potential while determining its frequencies. Then, we calculated the total electrical energy
produced at various heights with three types of wind turbines.The analysis of the results shows that the
wind turbines of major powers allow producing important quantities of energy when we increase the height
of their hubs to take advantage of stronger speeds of wind.
An Experimental Study of Weibull and Rayleigh Distribution Functions of Wind ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper compares two commonly used functions, the Weibull and Rayleigh distribution
functions, for fitting a measured wind speed probability distribution at a given location over a certain period.
The monthly and annual measured wind speed data at 84 m height for the years have been statistically
analyzed for the country with a large capacity - Kitka. The analysis is made in the case of the
implementation of all the predicted capacity of wind turbines and by virtue of the probability of power
distribution. The Weibull and Rayleigh probability distribution functions have been determined and their
parameters have been identified. The average wind speed and the wind power density have been
estimated using both distribution functions and compared those estimated from the measured probability
distribution function. The Weibull distribution function fits the wind speed variation better than Rayleigh
distribution function. The average wind speed was found to be 4.5 m/s and the average wind power
density was 114.54 W/m According to results, we can conclude that such a distribution of winds in this
region yields an appropriate average value of wind power.
Simulate the dispersion pattern of Suspended Particulate Matter in the vicini...IJERA Editor
Air quality modeling is an essential tool for most air pollution studies. This work deals with the use of the Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST3) model at a Thermal Power Plant. The study is performed over a period of 5-days. The objective of this study was to simulate the dispersion pattern of SPM in the vicinity of Thermal Power Plants at Neyveli. In order to simulate the dispersion pattern of Suspended Particulate Matter in Neyveli, a short term meteorological monitoring was conducted from 26.05.2008 to 30.05.2008. ISCST3 model was employed to simulate the concentration of Suspended particulate matter felt on the downwind locations of the neighbourhood of the Thermal power stations based on the observed wind data. The most predominant wind directions were from SSE and NW. Hence, the pollutants were transported towards NNW and SSE respectively. It is well evidenced from the pollution roses shown that diurnal variations of the dispersion of SPM in the neighbourhood of Thermal Power Plants. The concentrations of SPM were well below the 8 hour Ambient Air Quality standards.
Application of swarm intelligence algorithms to energy management of prosumer...IJECEIAES
The paper considers the problem of optimal control of a prosumer with a wind power plant in smart grid. It is shown that control can be performed in non-deterministic conditions due to the impossibility of accurate forecasting of the generation from renewable plants. A control model based on a priority queue of logical rules with structural-parametric optimization is applied. The optimization problem is considered from a separate prosumer, not from the entire distributed system. The solution of the optimization problem is performed by three swarm intelligence algorithms. Computational experiments were carried out for models of wind energy systems on Russky Island and Popov Island (Far East). The results obtained showed the high effectiveness of the swarm intelligence algorithms that demonstrated reliable and fast convergence to the global extreme of the optimization problem under different scenarios and parameters of prosumers. Also, we analyzed the influence of accumulator capacity on the variability of prosumers. The variability, in turn, affects the increase of the prosumer benefits from the interaction with the external global power system and neighboring prosumers.
Wind Speed Data Analysis for Various Seasons during a Decade by Wavelet and S...ijfcstjournal
The prediction of Weather forecasting can be done with the Wind Speed data. In this current paper the concept of using Wavelet and S-transform together for the analysis purpose of Wind data is introduced first time ever. In winter due to low convection process the agitation between wind particles is less. So, the Haar Wavelet is used to detect the discontinuity in the less agitated wind data samples of Winter. But due to abrupt changes in wind data in summer, it is difficult to track the data. So, in that case the concept of the Stransform is introduced.
In this paper, a new technique has been proposed to solve the trade off common problem in hill climbing search algorithm (HCS) to reach maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The main aim of the new technique is to increase the power efficiency for the wind energy conversion system (WECS). The proposed technique has been combined the three-mode algorithm to be simpler. The novel algorithm is increasing the ability to reach the MPPT without delay. The novel algorithm shows fast tracking capability and enhanced stability under change wind speed conditions.
Short-term load forecasting with using multiple linear regression IJECEIAES
In this paper short term load forecasting (STLF) is done with using multiple linear regression (MLR). A day ahead load forecasting is obtained in this paper. Regression coefficients were found out with the help of method of least square estimation. Load in electrical power system is dependent on temperature, due point and seasons and also load has correlation to the previous load consumption (Historical data). So the input variables are temperature, due point, load of prior day, hours, and load of prior week. To validate the model or check the accuracy of the model mean absolute percentage error is used and R squared is checked which is shown in result section. Using day ahead forecasted data weekly forecast is also obtained.
Exploring the best method of forecasting for short term electrical energy demandMesut Günes
This study includes applications of forecasting models established on the data that contain the electrical power consumption of a specific region which are observed hourly. At the beginning of the research, basic information about the electrical power system and the forecasting methods are given and the situation is clarified. Trakya region in Turkey which is in European side of Turkey is selected as the target region. The data is composed of hourly observed electrical energy values for the whole year of 2005 and some months of 2006 and 2007 which is 23 months in total. Because the data is large enough and the aim of the research is to establish accurate forecasting models for short term forecasting, quantitative methods are used. For this region, forecasting methods are improved for the short term electrical energy consumption that is the next 12 hours of the last day of each months and the best fitted model is determined for each months. The best fitted models are applied to the data and the related results are discussed.
Short term Multi Chain Hydrothermal Scheduling Using Modified Gravitational S...IJARTES
This paper proposes the modified Gravitational
search algorithm (GSA) to solve short term multi chain
hydrothermal scheduling problem while satisfying all
operational and physical constraints. The effect of the valve
point loading has been considered. Gravitational search
algorithm is based on the Newton’s law of gravitation. All
objects attract each other and global movement is towards
the heavier masses .However GSA has certain randomness
in search direction resulting in the weak local search ability.
In modified GSA, a time varying maximum velocity equation
is used which controls the exploration and improves the
convergence rate which strengthens its local search ability
and the quality of the hydrothermal solution.
HYDROTHERMAL COORDINATION FOR SHORT RANGE FIXED HEAD STATIONS USING FAST GENE...ecij
This paper presents a Fast genetic algorithm for solving Hydrothermal coordination (HTC) problem.
Genetic Algorithms (GAs) perform powerful global searches, but their long computation times, put a
limitation when solving large scale optimization problems. The present paper describes a Fast GA (FGA)
to overcome this limitation, by starting with random solutions within the search space and narrowing
down the search space by considering the minimum and maximum errors of the population members.
Since the search space is restricted to a small region within the available search space the algorithm
works very fast. This algorithm reduces the computational burden and number of generations to
converge. The proposed algorithm has been demonstrated for HTC of various combinations of Hydro
thermal systems. In all the cases Fast GA shows reliable convergence. The final results obtained using
Fast GA are compared with simple (conventional) GA and found to be encouraging.
Power system static state estimation using Kalman filter algorithmPower System Operation
State estimation of power system is an important tool for operation, analysis and forecasting of electric
power system. In this paper, a Kalman filter algorithm is presented for static estimation of power system state
variables. IEEE 14 bus system is employed to check the accuracy of this method. Newton Raphson load flow study
is first carried out on our test system and a set of data from the output of load flow program is taken as measurement
input. Measurement inputs are simulated by adding Gaussian noise of zero mean. The results of Kalman estimation
are compared with traditional Weight Least Square (WLS) method and it is observed that Kalman filter algorithm is
numerically more efficient than traditional WLS method. Estimation accuracy is also tested for presence of parametric
error in the system. In addition, numerical stability of Kalman filter algorithm is tested by considering inclusion of
zero mean errors in the initial estimates.
AN EFFICIENT COUPLED GENETIC ALGORITHM AND LOAD FLOW ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMAL PL...ijiert bestjournal
A genetic algorithm is used in conjunction with an efficient load flow programme to determine the optimal locations of the predefined D Gs with MATLAB & MATPOWER software. The best location for the DGs is determin ed using the genetic algorithm. The branch electrical loss is considered as the objecti ve function and the system total loss represent the fitness evaluation function for drivi ng the GA. The load flow equations are considered as equality constraints and the equation s of nodal voltage and branch capacity are considered as inequality constraints. The approach is tested on a 9 &14 bus IEEE distribution feeder.
Delineation of Mahanadi River Basin by Using GIS and ArcSWATinventionjournals
Precipitation is the significant segment of hydrologic cycle and this essential wellspring of overflow. In hydrological models precipitation as information, release is mimicked at the outlet of a watershed. Exactness of release re-enactment relies on drainage zone of the watershed. Therefore in the present work Mahanadi river basin lying within Odisha (drainage area approximately 65000 sq. km.) has been delineated in to five subbasins based on the five CWC operated discharge sites in Odisha. In the present work Arc-Swat has been used to delineate the watershed with the help of the (digital elevation model) DEM. At last as indicated by area of release locales, the aggregate study range was isolated into five sub-basins in particular Kesinga, Kantamal, Salebhata, Sundergarh and Tikarpada. It was observed that number of sub-watersheds into which the study area is being depicted relies on number of outlets and density of drainage. For a specific number of outlets, the thick is the density of drainage the more is the quantity of sub-watershed and the other way around.
Novel Adaptive Controller for PMSG Driven Wind Turbine To Improve Power Syste...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This paper describes the behavior of a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) driven by wind turbine. The proposed conversion system is a good alternative due to its high efficiency and reliability. Electrolytic capacitors are not required in this type of converter and the voltage in the DC-link as well as the generated reactive power can be dynamically modified according to the wind velocity. The adaptive control strategy uses an adaptive PI which is self-tuned based on a linear approximation of the power system calculated at each sample time. Space vector technique for grid side inverter for transformer less integration of generator and a pulse-width modulated current source converter. A model reference is also projected in order to reduce the post-fault voltages. Simulation results prove the advantages of the proposed control. A MATLAB computer simulation study was undertaken and results on PWM-CSC are presented
Validation of wind resource assessment process based on CFD Jean-Claude Meteodyn
Wind resource assessment requires nowadays more efficient tools to provide an accurate evaluation of production in order to reduce costs.As onshore wind farms are built in more complex terrains, it is necessary to find a new method to provide a fine evaluation of energy which reduces the error during the data extrapolation process. This explains why CFD models have become a standard for WRA in specific conditions.This presentation is focused on the wind speed and energy yield prediction carried out for a 29MW wind farm project. The accuracy of the wind modeling is investigated by the cross validation between the different met masts around the site. The net energy prediction P50 is compared against real wind farm performance data during a blind test organized by EWEA in 2013. More than 50 companies have been involved in order to compare methods results.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
An analysis of environmental impacts of various environmental aspects for ind...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Simulate the dispersion pattern of Suspended Particulate Matter in the vicini...IJERA Editor
Air quality modeling is an essential tool for most air pollution studies. This work deals with the use of the Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST3) model at a Thermal Power Plant. The study is performed over a period of 5-days. The objective of this study was to simulate the dispersion pattern of SPM in the vicinity of Thermal Power Plants at Neyveli. In order to simulate the dispersion pattern of Suspended Particulate Matter in Neyveli, a short term meteorological monitoring was conducted from 26.05.2008 to 30.05.2008. ISCST3 model was employed to simulate the concentration of Suspended particulate matter felt on the downwind locations of the neighbourhood of the Thermal power stations based on the observed wind data. The most predominant wind directions were from SSE and NW. Hence, the pollutants were transported towards NNW and SSE respectively. It is well evidenced from the pollution roses shown that diurnal variations of the dispersion of SPM in the neighbourhood of Thermal Power Plants. The concentrations of SPM were well below the 8 hour Ambient Air Quality standards.
Application of swarm intelligence algorithms to energy management of prosumer...IJECEIAES
The paper considers the problem of optimal control of a prosumer with a wind power plant in smart grid. It is shown that control can be performed in non-deterministic conditions due to the impossibility of accurate forecasting of the generation from renewable plants. A control model based on a priority queue of logical rules with structural-parametric optimization is applied. The optimization problem is considered from a separate prosumer, not from the entire distributed system. The solution of the optimization problem is performed by three swarm intelligence algorithms. Computational experiments were carried out for models of wind energy systems on Russky Island and Popov Island (Far East). The results obtained showed the high effectiveness of the swarm intelligence algorithms that demonstrated reliable and fast convergence to the global extreme of the optimization problem under different scenarios and parameters of prosumers. Also, we analyzed the influence of accumulator capacity on the variability of prosumers. The variability, in turn, affects the increase of the prosumer benefits from the interaction with the external global power system and neighboring prosumers.
Wind Speed Data Analysis for Various Seasons during a Decade by Wavelet and S...ijfcstjournal
The prediction of Weather forecasting can be done with the Wind Speed data. In this current paper the concept of using Wavelet and S-transform together for the analysis purpose of Wind data is introduced first time ever. In winter due to low convection process the agitation between wind particles is less. So, the Haar Wavelet is used to detect the discontinuity in the less agitated wind data samples of Winter. But due to abrupt changes in wind data in summer, it is difficult to track the data. So, in that case the concept of the Stransform is introduced.
In this paper, a new technique has been proposed to solve the trade off common problem in hill climbing search algorithm (HCS) to reach maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The main aim of the new technique is to increase the power efficiency for the wind energy conversion system (WECS). The proposed technique has been combined the three-mode algorithm to be simpler. The novel algorithm is increasing the ability to reach the MPPT without delay. The novel algorithm shows fast tracking capability and enhanced stability under change wind speed conditions.
Short-term load forecasting with using multiple linear regression IJECEIAES
In this paper short term load forecasting (STLF) is done with using multiple linear regression (MLR). A day ahead load forecasting is obtained in this paper. Regression coefficients were found out with the help of method of least square estimation. Load in electrical power system is dependent on temperature, due point and seasons and also load has correlation to the previous load consumption (Historical data). So the input variables are temperature, due point, load of prior day, hours, and load of prior week. To validate the model or check the accuracy of the model mean absolute percentage error is used and R squared is checked which is shown in result section. Using day ahead forecasted data weekly forecast is also obtained.
Exploring the best method of forecasting for short term electrical energy demandMesut Günes
This study includes applications of forecasting models established on the data that contain the electrical power consumption of a specific region which are observed hourly. At the beginning of the research, basic information about the electrical power system and the forecasting methods are given and the situation is clarified. Trakya region in Turkey which is in European side of Turkey is selected as the target region. The data is composed of hourly observed electrical energy values for the whole year of 2005 and some months of 2006 and 2007 which is 23 months in total. Because the data is large enough and the aim of the research is to establish accurate forecasting models for short term forecasting, quantitative methods are used. For this region, forecasting methods are improved for the short term electrical energy consumption that is the next 12 hours of the last day of each months and the best fitted model is determined for each months. The best fitted models are applied to the data and the related results are discussed.
Short term Multi Chain Hydrothermal Scheduling Using Modified Gravitational S...IJARTES
This paper proposes the modified Gravitational
search algorithm (GSA) to solve short term multi chain
hydrothermal scheduling problem while satisfying all
operational and physical constraints. The effect of the valve
point loading has been considered. Gravitational search
algorithm is based on the Newton’s law of gravitation. All
objects attract each other and global movement is towards
the heavier masses .However GSA has certain randomness
in search direction resulting in the weak local search ability.
In modified GSA, a time varying maximum velocity equation
is used which controls the exploration and improves the
convergence rate which strengthens its local search ability
and the quality of the hydrothermal solution.
HYDROTHERMAL COORDINATION FOR SHORT RANGE FIXED HEAD STATIONS USING FAST GENE...ecij
This paper presents a Fast genetic algorithm for solving Hydrothermal coordination (HTC) problem.
Genetic Algorithms (GAs) perform powerful global searches, but their long computation times, put a
limitation when solving large scale optimization problems. The present paper describes a Fast GA (FGA)
to overcome this limitation, by starting with random solutions within the search space and narrowing
down the search space by considering the minimum and maximum errors of the population members.
Since the search space is restricted to a small region within the available search space the algorithm
works very fast. This algorithm reduces the computational burden and number of generations to
converge. The proposed algorithm has been demonstrated for HTC of various combinations of Hydro
thermal systems. In all the cases Fast GA shows reliable convergence. The final results obtained using
Fast GA are compared with simple (conventional) GA and found to be encouraging.
Power system static state estimation using Kalman filter algorithmPower System Operation
State estimation of power system is an important tool for operation, analysis and forecasting of electric
power system. In this paper, a Kalman filter algorithm is presented for static estimation of power system state
variables. IEEE 14 bus system is employed to check the accuracy of this method. Newton Raphson load flow study
is first carried out on our test system and a set of data from the output of load flow program is taken as measurement
input. Measurement inputs are simulated by adding Gaussian noise of zero mean. The results of Kalman estimation
are compared with traditional Weight Least Square (WLS) method and it is observed that Kalman filter algorithm is
numerically more efficient than traditional WLS method. Estimation accuracy is also tested for presence of parametric
error in the system. In addition, numerical stability of Kalman filter algorithm is tested by considering inclusion of
zero mean errors in the initial estimates.
AN EFFICIENT COUPLED GENETIC ALGORITHM AND LOAD FLOW ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMAL PL...ijiert bestjournal
A genetic algorithm is used in conjunction with an efficient load flow programme to determine the optimal locations of the predefined D Gs with MATLAB & MATPOWER software. The best location for the DGs is determin ed using the genetic algorithm. The branch electrical loss is considered as the objecti ve function and the system total loss represent the fitness evaluation function for drivi ng the GA. The load flow equations are considered as equality constraints and the equation s of nodal voltage and branch capacity are considered as inequality constraints. The approach is tested on a 9 &14 bus IEEE distribution feeder.
Delineation of Mahanadi River Basin by Using GIS and ArcSWATinventionjournals
Precipitation is the significant segment of hydrologic cycle and this essential wellspring of overflow. In hydrological models precipitation as information, release is mimicked at the outlet of a watershed. Exactness of release re-enactment relies on drainage zone of the watershed. Therefore in the present work Mahanadi river basin lying within Odisha (drainage area approximately 65000 sq. km.) has been delineated in to five subbasins based on the five CWC operated discharge sites in Odisha. In the present work Arc-Swat has been used to delineate the watershed with the help of the (digital elevation model) DEM. At last as indicated by area of release locales, the aggregate study range was isolated into five sub-basins in particular Kesinga, Kantamal, Salebhata, Sundergarh and Tikarpada. It was observed that number of sub-watersheds into which the study area is being depicted relies on number of outlets and density of drainage. For a specific number of outlets, the thick is the density of drainage the more is the quantity of sub-watershed and the other way around.
Novel Adaptive Controller for PMSG Driven Wind Turbine To Improve Power Syste...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This paper describes the behavior of a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) driven by wind turbine. The proposed conversion system is a good alternative due to its high efficiency and reliability. Electrolytic capacitors are not required in this type of converter and the voltage in the DC-link as well as the generated reactive power can be dynamically modified according to the wind velocity. The adaptive control strategy uses an adaptive PI which is self-tuned based on a linear approximation of the power system calculated at each sample time. Space vector technique for grid side inverter for transformer less integration of generator and a pulse-width modulated current source converter. A model reference is also projected in order to reduce the post-fault voltages. Simulation results prove the advantages of the proposed control. A MATLAB computer simulation study was undertaken and results on PWM-CSC are presented
Validation of wind resource assessment process based on CFD Jean-Claude Meteodyn
Wind resource assessment requires nowadays more efficient tools to provide an accurate evaluation of production in order to reduce costs.As onshore wind farms are built in more complex terrains, it is necessary to find a new method to provide a fine evaluation of energy which reduces the error during the data extrapolation process. This explains why CFD models have become a standard for WRA in specific conditions.This presentation is focused on the wind speed and energy yield prediction carried out for a 29MW wind farm project. The accuracy of the wind modeling is investigated by the cross validation between the different met masts around the site. The net energy prediction P50 is compared against real wind farm performance data during a blind test organized by EWEA in 2013. More than 50 companies have been involved in order to compare methods results.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
An analysis of environmental impacts of various environmental aspects for ind...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Load balancing in public cloud by division of cloud based on the geographical...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Microstrip circular patch array antenna for electronic toll collectioneSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Identifying e learner’s opinion using automated sentiment analysis in e-learningeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A quantitative risk assessment approach in an integrated cold chain system en...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The development of modeling wind speed plays a very important in helping to obtain the actual wind speed data for the benefit of the power plant planning in the future. The wind speed in this paper is obtained from a PCE-FWS 20 type measuring instrument with a duration of 30 minutes which is accumulated into monthly data for one year (2019). Despite the many wind speed modeling that has been done by researchers. Modeling wind speeds proposed in this study were obtained from the modified Rayleigh distribution. In this study, the Rayleigh scale factor (Cr) and modified Rayleigh scale factor (Cm) were calculated. The observed wind speed is compared with the predicted wind characteristics. The data fit test used correlation coefficient (R2), root means square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The results of the proposed modified Rayleigh model provide very good results for users.
Statistics and Probability of Detection in Wind Turbine Radar ClutterjournalBEEI
A wind develops inside the perceptible pathway of a radar not simply makes undesirable radar returns as false targets furthermore truly impacts the radar's ability to distinguish centres of excitement for the area of the farm. In this work, accurate RCS models of wind turbines are delivered in perspective of honest to goodness wind turbine mess estimations, and acknowledgement probabilities of Swerling-1 centres and moreover undesirable wind turbines are registered. Results appear differently about those gained by expecting that wind turbine chaos is Rayleigh (or exponentially) circled.
Wind energy forecasting using radial basis function neural networkseSAT Journals
Abstract
Wind power forecast is essential for a wind farm developer for comprehensive assessment of wind potential at a particular site or
topographical location. Wind energy potential at any given location is a non –linear function of mean average wind speed,
vertical wind profile, energy pattern factor, peak wind speed, prevailing wind direction, lull hours, air density and a few other
parameters. Wind energy pattern data of various locationsis collected from a published resource data book by Centre for Wind
Energy Technology, India.Modeling of wind energy forecasting problem consists of data collection, input-output selection,
mappingand simulation. In this work, artificial neural networks technique is adopted to deal with the wind energy forecasting
problem.After normalization, neural network will be run with training dataset.Radial Basis function based Neural Networks is a
feed-forward algorithm of artificial neural networks that offers supervised learning.It establishes local mapping with two fold
learning quickly.Wind power densities predicted for new locationsare in agreement with the measured values atthewind
monitoring stations.MAPE was found out to be less than 10% for all the values of Wind Power Density predictions at new
topographical locations and R2 is found to be nearer to unity.WPD values are multiplied by wind availability hours (generation
hours) in that particular location to give number of energy units at the turbine output. These values are compared to the output of
the wind turbine model installed in the same region, so as to assess the number of units generated by that particular wind turbine
in the respective locations.This kind of assessment is useful for wind energy projects during feasibility studies. With this work, it is
established that radial basis function neural netscan be used as a diagnostic tool for function approximation problemsconnected
towind energy resourcemodeling& forecast.
Keywords: Wind power density, wind energy, forecast, modeling, air density, peak wind speed, radial basis function,
neural network, CoD, MAPE
Design of PID Controller with Inadequate Determination Dependent on Different...ijtsrd
To decide the ideal or close to ideal boundaries of PID regulator with fragmented determination, an original plan strategy dependent on differential advancement calculation is introduced. The regulator is called DE PID controller. To beat the impediments of the necessary exhibition rules in the recurrence space like IAE, ISE, and ITSE, another presentation measure in the time area is proposed. The streamlining methods utilizing the DE calculation to look through the ideal or close to ideal PID controller boundaries of a control framework are shown exhaustively. Three common control frameworks are picked to test and assess the variation and vigor of the proposed DE PID controller. The reproduction results show that the proposed approach has unrivalled provisions of simple execution, stable combination trademark, and great computational efficiency. Contrasted and the ZN, GA, and ASA, the proposed plan technique is without a doubt more efficient and strong in further developing the progression reaction of a control framework. N. Abinaya | V. Gomathi | V. Sudha "Design of PID Controller with Inadequate Determination Dependent on Differential Development Calculation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49270.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/49270/design-of-pid-controller-with-inadequate-determination-dependent-on-differential-development-calculation/n-abinaya
Derivation Of Intensity Duration Frequency Curves Using Short Duration Rainfa...Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez
The estimation of rainfall intensity is commonly required for the design of hydraulic and water resources engineering control structures. The intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) relationship is a mathematical relationship between the rainfall intensity, the duration and the return period. The present study aimed the derivation of IDF curves of Yermarus Raingauge Station of Raichur District with 19 years of rainfall data (1998 to 2016). The Normal Distribution, Log Normal Distribution, Gumbel distribution, Pearson Type III Distribution and Log Pearsons Type III Distribution techniques are used to Find the rainfall intensity values of 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, 720, 1440 minutes of rainfall duration with different return period. Chi Square test was conducted to find the goodness of fit the short duration IDF using daily rainfall data are presented, which is input for water resources projects.
A Novel Technique in Software Engineering for Building Scalable Large Paralle...Eswar Publications
Parallel processing is the only alternative for meeting computational demand of scientific and technological advancement. Yet first few parallelized versions of a large application code- in the present case-a meteorological Global Circulation Model- are not usually optimal or efficient. Large size and complexity of the code cause making changes for efficient parallelization and further validation difficult. The paper presents some novel techniques to enable change of parallelization strategy keeping the correctness of the code under control throughout the modification.
Particle Swarm Optimization for the Path Loss Reduction in Suburban and Rural...IJECEIAES
In the present work, a precise optimization method is proposed for tuning the parameters of the COST231 model to improve its accuracy in the path loss propagation prediction. The Particle Swarm Optimization is used to tune the model parameters. The predictions of the tuned model are compared with the most popular models. The performance criteria selected for the comparison of various empirical path loss models is the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The RMSE between the actual and predicted data are calculated for various path loss models. It turned out that the tuned COST 231 model outperforms the other studied models.
Battery Remaining Useful life Forecast Applied in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.IJERA Editor
The batteries has been widely used as an energy storage system for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). To avoid faults in these systems (UAVs), which are powered by batteries, there are several approaches to forecast the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of the batteries. In this work, it's proposed the use of a model based on Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to estimate the RUL in Lithium-Ion batteries. The database used was available at NASA's repository in 2015.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | Apr-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 579
A STUDY ON WIND SPEED DISTRIBUTIONS
Indhumathy.D1
, Seshaiah.C.V2
, Sukkiramathi.K3
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
2
Professor, Department of Mathematics, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
Abstract
Owing to the growing environmental concern harnessing renewable energy sources became absolutely necessary like solar, wind etc.
Wind energy is more sensitive to variations with topography and wind patterns compared to solar energy. The wind energy
distribution is the basis for the assessment of wind energy potential needed for the design of wind farms. Accurate wind speed
modeling is critical in estimating wind energy potential for harvesting wind power effectively. The quality of wind speed assessment
depends on the capability of chosen pdf to describe the measured wind speed frequency. The objective of this study is to describe
(model) wind speed characteristics using proposed generalized skew logistic distribution . In order to decide the most suitable site for
installing a wind farm as well as to select a fitting wind turbine model it is necessary to carry out a careful wind energy resource
evaluation. In this study we propose the generalized skew logistic distribution for the description of wind speed distribution. This
distribution is flexible enough to accommodate the shape of wind speed data and include some well known distribution as special
cases, also we evaluate the performance of this distribution by using wind speed data at Mupandal (1) at kanya kumari in India.
Results show that this generalized skew logistic distribution is a better fit followed by WW pdf.
Keywords: skew t, skew logistic, likelihood method, and statistical methods…
-----------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
In recent years it has been investigated that the fitting of
specific distribution to wind speed is required for use in
practical application as air pollution modeling, estimation of
wind loads on building and wind power analysis. So a model
is required for wind speed distribution. Extensive literature
search indicates that various parametric distribution models
have been presented to estimate wind speed distributions,
which are used in a variety of applications such as wind farm
planning, long term strategy of wind generators, and reliability
evaluation of wind resources. These parametric distribution
models include Weibull, Rayleigh, Lognormal, inverse
Gaussian , Gamma, Erlang, Burr, Skew t , Skew logistic,
Mixture distributions etc,. In this paper wind speed analysis is
done using the generalized skew logistic distributions and the
performance of the same are compared with several
distributions. The study reveals that generalized skew logistic
distribution gave a good fit followed by the WW pdf. These
results are supported by the statistical tests and graph.
Celik [1] made statistical analysis and summarized that
Weibull model was better than Rayleigh model. Akdag.S.A
[5] discussed about the two component Weibull distribution
and stated that WW gave a goodfit. Tian Pau,C [16] used
Rayleigh, Weibull and gamma distribution and its generalized
form. Gupta and Kundu [3] discussed about the generalized
logistic distribution. Several distributions were discussed in
literature to find the best fit.
In this discussion we have proposed generalized skew logistic
distribution. We have analysed several distributions for the
recorded wind data at Mupandal (1) at Kanya kumari in India
for5 years and compared the fits of those with our proposed
generalized skew logistic distribution. We have fitted all these
generalized skew logistic distribution to the measured wind
speed data by the method of likelihood method
2. WIND SPEED DISTRIBUTIONS
In literature, the pdf is defined as a mathematical function
describing the relative likely hood for this random variable to
occur at a given point in the observation space. This section of
the paper, presents the different pdf to the wind speed model.
2.1 Skew Logistic Distribution
The pdf of the usual skew logistic distribution is given by
(1)
Where λ is the skewness parameter is the standard
normal parameter and is the standard logistic cdf.
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | Apr-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 580
2.2 Generalised Logistic Distribution
The pdf of the generalized logistic distribution is given by
, --(2)
The distribution has cdf
where (3)
And
2.3 Generalised Skew Logistic Distribution
The pdf of the generalized logistic distribution is given by
, λ (4)
And
The pdf of the generalized logistic distribution with the
location parameter and scale parameter is given
by
λ (5)
2.4 Skewed Generalised Error Distribution
The skewed generalized Error distribution (SGED) suggested
by [11] and its pdf and cdf are defined by equations (6) and (7)
respectively.
(6)
(7)
Where Γ denotes the gamma function and is the location
is the scale, are shape parameters. Also the SGED
generates some distributions such as normal, skewed normal
and Laplace in special cases.
2.5 Skewed t Distribution
The Skewed t distribution (STD) was suggested by [2] and the
pdf and cdf are respectively given as follows
(8)
And
(9)
Where location and scale parameters respectively
are are shape parameters in m/s
2.6 Weibull - Weibull Distribution
The PDF which depends on five parameters
(v; is given by
(10)
3 WIND SPEED DATAS
The measured wind speed datas for the month of August 2010
are given in the Table- 1and graphical representation in Fig-1
Table 1 wind speed datas
Day Wind
speed(k/h)
Day Wind
speed(k/h)
Day Wind
speed(k/h)
1 11 12 8 23 14
2 10 13 14 24 16
3 13 14 13 25 13
4 6 15 8 26 11
5 11 16 11 27 10
6 13 17 11 28 5
7 8 18 14 29 10
8 6 19 13 30 14
9 8 20 13 31 11
10 14 21 8
11 16 22 18
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | Apr-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 581
Fig 1: Representation of monthly wind speed (Aug 2010)
3.1 Estimation of Parameters
The estimation of parameters of all the pdfs were carried out
using likelihood method and there listed in the following table.
Table 2 Computed parameter values of different pdfs
4. GOODNESS-OF-FIT CRITERIA
To compare a theoretical pdf with the measured wind data
three kinds of statistical tests are considered
4.1 R2
Error
is widely used for goodness of fit. A larger value of
indicates a better fit. is defined by
(11)
4.2 The Max Error
The max error estimates the error calculated by distribution
function and observed wind speed data respectively. The
smaller the errors, the better the fit is . This is defined by
(12)
4.3 Chi- Square Error
Chi-Square error is used to asses whether the observed
probability differs from the predicted probability. Chi-Square
error is defined by
(13)
Table- 3; Statistical Errors for different distributions
Fig: 2 – Graphical representation
5. CONCLUSIONS
Wind speed data at kanya kumari were used in evaluating
different PDf s to access their suitability .Wind speed data for
station 1(Mupandal) recorded at a height of 25m at Latitude N
at 8 ̊ 15 ”30’, Longitude E at 77 ̊ 33”20’ are used for wind
speed analysis . Wind data for a period of 5 years is used
The parameters were estimated using the likelihood method
carried out in MATLAB software. Computed parameters were
used to find the different PDF’s . The generalized skew
logistic distribution showed a goodfit followed by the WW pdf
and the result is evident from the statistical errors in Table 2.
On the whole GSLD followed by WW pdf fits and this result
is supported by the fig 1 also
PDF Parameters Values PDF Parameters Values
SL 2.328 GL 3.048
0.550 0.930
λ 3.713 λ 5.041
ST 1.924 SGE 1.3423
.9440 0.9245
λ 4.3972 1.5024
26501.23 0.7523
WW w 0.5197 GSL 2.271
3.1775 195.80
10.0174 λ 4.418
1.8689 76605.63
4.1004
PDF K-S Error χ 2
WW 0.074 0.9993 0.2681
SLD 0.084 0.9827 0.8345
STD 0.077 0.9852 0.2684
GLD 0.097 0.9642 1.1055
GSLD 0.073 0.9994 0.2680
SGED 0.084 0.9846 0.8216
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | Apr-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 582
REFERENCES
[1]. Celik ,A .N ., “ A statistical analysis of wind power
density based on the Weibull and Rayleigh models at the
southern region of Turkey “, Renew Energy ,Vol 29 , pp. 593-
604 ,2003.
[2]. Arellano Valle,R.B and Azzalini, A “The centered
parameterization and related quantities of the skew t
distribution” , Journal of Multivariate Analysis,113,73-
90,2013.
[3]. Gupta, R.D and Kundu , D., “Generalized logistic
distribution” , Journal of Applied Statistical Sciences,18,51-
66, 2010.
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