This document summarizes an experimental investigation of the friction coefficient and wear rate of brass and bronze using a pin-on-disk test. Key findings from the experiment include: 1) The average hardness of brass (105.8 VHN) was found to be lower than bronze (129.4 VHN). 2) Wear was found to increase with higher sliding speed and applied load. Brass exhibited a much higher wear coefficient than bronze under the same test conditions. 3) Scanning electron microscopy of the wear debris found that brass underwent more severe plastic deformation and presented with higher surface roughness than bronze after testing. 4) The conclusions drawn were that wear behavior depends mainly on applied load and

1. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF FRICTION
COEFFICIENT AND WEAR RATE OF BRASS AND
BRONZE USING PIN ON DISK
DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGY AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Under the guidance of –
Dr. S K Badjena
(Assoc. Prof. VSSUT Burla)
Submitted by-
Satirtha Pattnaik 15010837
Soumya Ranjan Sahoo 15010843
Tapas Kumar Naik 1603100019
Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology,
Burla

2. INTRODUCTION
Brass :
• Alloy of copper and zinc.
• Bright and gold like
appearance.
• Low friction.
• Used as tool around explosive
gas.
Bronze :
• Alloy of copper and tin with
addition of other materials
such as Al, Ni, Zn.
• Metallic brown color.
• Used for making casting bell.

3. Properties of brass :
•Excellent machinability.
•Good strength(y.s.=250-500)
Mpa.
•Good corrosion resistance.
•Good thermal conductivity.
•Good electrical conductivity.
•Good wear resistance.
Properties of bronze :
•Tough and ductile at all
temperature.
• Malleable and durable.
•Corrosion resistance.
• Better conductor of heat and
electricity.
• more fatigue than steel.

4. Wear : Wear is the damage done to a solid surface, generally
involving progressive loss of material.
Types :
1. Adhesive wear
2. Abrasive wear
3. Delamination wear
4. Fretting wear
5. Corrosive wear
6. Impact wear

5. The wear rate given by the following formula by
“Archard” in which K is a "wear coefficient" of the
system and is dependent on many of the factors
described below:
Q = KW/H.

6. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
Equipments used:
1. Lathe mohrd grant machine (for making pin)
2. Universal hardness tester
3. Pin on disk tester
4. Scanning electron microscope

8. Procedure
Observation and discussion
Scanning electron microscopy of wear debris
Plotting graphs related to wear test
Wear test using pin on disk
Measuring Hardness
Machining and Pinning by using lathe machine
Selection of materials

9. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The average hardness of brass and bronze are 105.8 and 129.4 VHN
respectively

10. EFFECT OF WEAR LOSS
Weight loss against time(Min)

11. Effect on wear:
Effect of coefficient of friction on wear
:
Wear vs coefficient of friction for brass metal pins.

12. Wear vs coefficient of friction for bronze pins

13. Effect of sliding distance on wear:
Wear vs sliding distance for brass pins

14. Wear vs sliding distance for bronze pins

15. Effect of speed on wear
Wear vs speed for bronze pins

16. • Wear vs speed for brass pins

17. Effect of time on wear:
Wear vs time for brass pins

18. • Wear vs time for bronze pins

19. Relationship between sliding distance and time:
Sliding distance vs time for brass pins

20. Sliding distance vs time for brone pins

21. Scanning electron microscopy
Scanning Electron of Brass
Magnification- 2K
Scanning Electron of Bronze
Magnification- 2K

22. CONCLUSION
From this piece of experimentations following conclusions can be
drawn.
1) Wear behavior is dependent on applied load, sliding speed mainly.
However, a steady state is attained after a sliding distance of about
1000 meters in all cases.
2) Wear is seen to increase at higher sliding speed and at higher applied
load.
3) The influence of the disc roughness on the coefficient of friction is
more important for bronze than for brass.
4) It is found that under the same conditions, brass has a very high wear
coefficient compared to that of bronze.
5) Brass is more sensitive to wear and presents a high roughness at the
end of test.
6) The friction of the brass is accompanied with a severe plastic
deformation of subsurface layers.
7) Graph of a brass for wear rate is smooth curve in nature.

23. REFERENCES
• 1) Elwin L. Rooy, “Introduction to Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys” ASM
Handbook Vol-02.
• 2) Singh Vijendra, “Physical Metallurgy”, Delhi, Standard Publishers
Distributors, 2008,
• pages-679-680.
• 3) Hatch John E, “Aluminium: Properties and Physical Metallurgy”, ASM,
1984, Metals
• Park, Ohio.
• 4) Williams John Austin, “Engineering Tribology”, New York, Cambridge
University Press, 2005, page-165.
• 5) Phakatkar H.G, Ghorpade R.R, “Tribology”, Nirali Prakashan, Pune,
2009.
• 6) FRICTION COEFFICIENT AND WEAR RATE MEASURMENT OF
BRASS AND BRONZE UNDER LUBRICATION CONDITIONS by
Salima SENHADJI1,2, Farid BELARIFI1,2,*, François ROBBE-
VALLOIRE3. 14th International Conference on Tribology-2015.

24. • 7) TRIBOLOGICAL STUDIES ON ALUMINIUM ALLOYS by
Vicky Vikram Das, Chandi Prasad Mohanty.NIT RKL- 2011.
• 8) Testing of Wear Rate Frictional Force and Coefficient of Friction
Computationally Using Pin On Disk by Mr.Kiran Deore, Ms.Lalita
Aage, Prof.Manoj Hajare. International Journal of Engineering
Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 20 Number 5 – Feb 2015.
• 9) Resistance to Wear of Aluminium Bronzes CDA Pub 126, 2000
Chapter 10 of‘Cast and Wrought Aluminium Bronzes Properties,
Processes and Structure’ by H J Meigh C Eng MIMechE.
• 10) International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced
Engineering.
• 11) Tribology lab manual for pin on disc apparatus of NDMVP
College of engineering in Nasik .
• 12) Measurement of uncertainty in tribological wear rate testing,
Tony L.

25. THANK YOU