Expectancy theory states that an individual's motivation to perform a behavior depends on the strength of their expectation that the behavior will lead to an outcome, and how attractive or valuable that outcome is to the individual. Specifically, it focuses on three relationships: the effort-performance relationship, the performance-reward relationship, and the rewards-personal goals relationship. Maximizing motivation under expectancy theory involves ensuring individuals believe high effort will lead to good performance, good performance will be rewarded, and the available rewards are attractive to the individual.

3. This theory says that the of a tendency in a certain way depends on the strength of an expectation that the act will be followed by a given and on the of that outcome to the individual strength to act outcomes attractiveness to act

4. Expectancy theory 1 2 3 Expectancy Instrumentality Valence

5. Effort-performance relationship The perceived probability that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to performance. Performance-reward relationship The degree to which the individual believes that performing at a particular level will lead to a reward. Rewards-personal goals relationship The degree to which organizational rewards satisfy an individual’s personal goals or needs and are attractive to the individual. focus on three relationships

6. If I give maximum effort, will I be able to accomplish the task expected of me? If I give maximum effort, will it be recognized by my manager and/or in my performance appraisal? If I receive a good performance appraisal, will it lead to organizational rewards? If I’m rewarded, are the rewards ones that I find personally attractive? Maximizing Motivation Under Expectancy

7. Effort and performance appraisal Performance appraisal No Outcome 1.Training 2.Coaching