The document describes an experiment to study the voltage regulation characteristics of the LM723 voltage regulator IC. The experiment involves measuring the line regulation and load regulation of the IC by varying the input voltage and load resistance, respectively. Graphs are plotted between input voltage and output voltage for line regulation and output voltage and load current for load regulation. The results and observations from the experiment allow students to understand the operation and performance of the LM723 voltage regulator IC.
Precision current sources - Low noise current mirrorsJaved G S, PhD
Design techniques and methods to design precision current mirrors, precision current sources. In this work, I have discussed methods to reduce noise and variations in the reference current generation.
1. Negative feedback control
2. Applying filters in the design
3. Calibration
4. Resister Trimming
Lecture on Introduction of Semiconductor at North South University as the undergraduate course (ETE411)
=======================
Dr. Mashiur Rahman
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://mashiur.biggani.org
Circuit Theory Basics, Resistors, Capacitors, Inductors, Current Sources and Voltage Sources.
Also visit for http://shrutizpresentations.blogspot.com/ more ppts.
Precision current sources - Low noise current mirrorsJaved G S, PhD
Design techniques and methods to design precision current mirrors, precision current sources. In this work, I have discussed methods to reduce noise and variations in the reference current generation.
1. Negative feedback control
2. Applying filters in the design
3. Calibration
4. Resister Trimming
Lecture on Introduction of Semiconductor at North South University as the undergraduate course (ETE411)
=======================
Dr. Mashiur Rahman
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://mashiur.biggani.org
Circuit Theory Basics, Resistors, Capacitors, Inductors, Current Sources and Voltage Sources.
Also visit for http://shrutizpresentations.blogspot.com/ more ppts.
Series op-amp regulator – IC voltage regulator – Switching regulator – Digital to analog converters–specifications–weighted resistor type– R-2R ladder type-Analog to digital converter –specifications–counter ramp, flash, successive approximation, dual slope types-Voltage to frequency converter–Frequency to voltage converter– Analog multiplier
High Performance Temperature Insensitive Current Mode Rectifier without DiodeIOSR Journals
A new current mode precision rectifier is presented. This circuit provides precision rectification for
wide range of input signal with low temperature sensitivity. It can work as full wave rectifier as well as half
wave rectifier with controllability on action. It can amplify rectified current signal by a bias voltage. Direction
of the output current signal can also be controlled by changing the polarity of the bias voltage. It can operate up
to tens of Giga Hertz. The rectifier circuit with above features does not use any diode but only two CMOS
CCCDTA. Power consumption of the circuit is 601.05μW. The performance of the circuit is verified by PSPICE
simulations
High Performance Temperature Insensitive Current Mode Rectifier without DiodeIOSR Journals
Abstract : A new current mode precision rectifier is presented. This circuit provides precision rectification for wide range of input signal with low temperature sensitivity. It can work as full wave rectifier as well as half wave rectifier with controllability on action. It can amplify rectified current signal by a bias voltage. Direction of the output current signal can also be controlled by changing the polarity of the bias voltage. It can operate up to tens of Giga Hertz. The rectifier circuit with above features does not use any diode but only two CMOS CCCDTA. Power consumption of the circuit is 601.05μW. The performance of the circuit is verified by PSPICE simulations Keywords – CCCDTA, CMOS, current mode circuit, full wave rectifier, half wave rectifier, and PSPICE.
This paper introduces a new topology of multilevel inverter, which is able to operate at high performance. This proposed circuit achieves requirements of reduced number of switches, gate-drive circuits, and high design flexibility. In most cases fifteen-level inverters need at least twelve switches. The proposed topology has only ten switches. The inverter has a quasi-sine output voltage, which is formed by level generator and polarity changer to produce the desired voltage and current waveforms. The detailed operation of the proposed inverter is explained. The theoretical analysis and design procedure are given. Simulation results are presented to confirm the analytical approach of the proposed circuit. A 15-level and 31-level multilevel inverters were designed and tested at 50 Hz.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.
Exp2 voltage regulator
1. Experiment:2 Dt:
VOLTAGE REGULATOR IC 723
AIM: To study the voltage regulation characteristics and plot the response curve for
line regulation and load regulation using 723 IC.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No Equipment/Component Name Specifications/Value Quantity
1 IC LM723 1
2 Regulated Power Supply (0-30V), 1 A 1
3 Resistors 1KΩ, 2.7KΩ, 4.7KΩ, 6.8KΩ 1 No. Each
4 Capacitors 100 pF 1
5 Voltmeter 0-20V 1
6 Ammeter 0-20mA 1
7 Bread board & Connecting wires
THEORY:
A voltage regulator is one of the most widely used electronic circuitry in any device. A
regulated voltage (without fluctuations & noise levels) is very important for the smooth
functioning of many digital electronic devices. A common case is with micro
controllers, where a smooth regulated input voltage must be supplied for the micro
controller to function smoothly.
Voltage regulators are of different types. An example of IC based voltage regulator
available in market is the popular 7805 IC which regulates the output voltage at 5 volts.
An IC voltage regulator is an integrated circuit whose basic purpose is to regulate the
unregulated input voltage (definitely over a predefined range) and provide with a
constant, regulated output voltage.
An IC based voltage regulator can be classified in different ways. A common type of
classification is 3 terminal voltage regulator and 5 or multi terminal voltage regulator.
Another popular way of classifying IC voltage regulators is by identifying them as
linear voltage regulator & switching voltage regulator. There is a third set of
classification as 1) Fixed voltage regulators (positive & negative) 2) Adjustable voltage
regulators (positive & negative) and finally 3) Switching regulators. In the third
classification, fixed & adjustable regulators are basically versions of linear voltage
regulators.
2. Functional diagram of the voltage regulator . It consists of a voltage reference source
(Pin 6), an error amplifier with its inverting input on pin 4 and non-inverting input on
pin 5, a series pass transistor (pins 10 and 11), and a current limiting transistor onpins 2
and 3. The device can be set to work as both positive and negative voltage regulators
with an output voltage ranging from 2 V to 37 V, and output current levels up to 150
mA. The maximum supply voltage is 40 V, and the line and load regulations are each
specified as 0.01%.
The output voltage can be set to any desired positive voltage between (7-37) volts. 7
volts is the reference starting voltage. All these variations are brought with the change
of values in resistors R1 and R2 with the help of a potentiometer. A darlington
connection is made by the transistor to Q1 to handle large load current. The broken
lines in the image indicate the internal connections for current limiting. Even foldback
current limiting is possible in this IC. A regulator output voltage less than the 7 V
reference level can be obtained by using a voltage divider across the reference source.
The potentially divided reference voltage is then connected to terminal 5.
PROCEDURE:
3. LINE REGULATION
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. RPS is connected as Vi.
3. A fixed load of 1KΩ is kept at the output.
4. Input Vi is varied from 15V to 25V in steps of 2V and Output voltage is measured.
5. Graph is drawn between the input voltage and output voltage.
LOAD REGULATION
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. RPS is connected as Vi.
3. Output voltage is measured by varying the load (Potentiometer), in steps of 1mA
4. Graph is drawn between the output voltage and output current (load).
OBSERVATIONS:
Line regulation:
Line voltage(Vin) Output voltage(Vout)
Line regulation = (ΔVout / ΔVin) X 100%
Load regulation:
Regulated output Load current Load resistance Load
4. regulation
%Regulation: (Vnoload-Vfullload)/Vfullload X 100
Model Graph: line regulation
Vo
Vi
Load regulation:
Vo
Load resistance
RESULT: The load regulations and line regulations are observed by the IC 723.
Outcome: After conducting this experiment students are able to use IC 723 as voltage
regulator and understand its operation.
Discussion Questions:
1. Which is not considered as a linear voltage regulator 1) Fixed output voltage
regulator 2) Adjustable output voltage regulator 3) Switching regulator 4)
Special regulator why
2. What is the dropout voltage in a three terminal IC regulator?
3. What is provided with to get a maximum output current
5. 4. Which type of regulator is considered more efficient?
5. What is called the change inoutput voltage for the correspondingchange in load
current in a 7805 IC regulator?