Exercism Challenge - Saddle Point
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The document defines a saddle point as a point on a curved surface where the curvatures in two perpendicular planes have opposite signs. It provides two definitions: 1) a point on a curved surface with this property, and 2) a value of a function of two variables that is a maximum with respect to one variable and a minimum with respect to the other. Saddle points are used in industry for optimization and decision making, and in game theory they represent the best strategy for both players. The instructions explain how to detect saddle points in a matrix by finding elements that are the highest in their row and the lowest in their column.
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arrays, a Body section, describing arrays and giving an annotated example of their use as a
programming construct, and a conclusion to revisit important information about arrays described
in the Body of the document. Some suggested material to include:
Declaring arrays of various types
Array pointers
Printing and processing arrays
Sorting and searching arrays
Multidimensional arrays
Indexing arrays of various dimension
Array representation in memory by data type
Passing arrays as arguments
If you find any useful images on the Internet, you can use them as long as you cite the source in
end notes.
Solution
Array is a collection of variables of the same type that are referenced by a common name.
Specific elements or variables in the array are accessed by means of index into the array.
If taking about C, In C all arrays consist of contiguous memory locations. The lowest address
corresponds to the first element in the array while the largest address corresponds to the last
element in the array.
C supports both single and multi-dimensional arrays.
1) Single Dimension Arrays:-
Syntax:- type var_name[size];
where type is the type of each element in the array, var_name is any valid identifier, and size is
the number of elements in the array which has to be a constant value.
*Array always use zero as index to first element.
The valid indices for array above are 0 .. 4, i.e. 0 .. number of elements - 1
For Example :- To load an array with values 0 .. 99
int x[100] ;
int i ;
for ( i = 0; i < 100; i++ )
x[i] = i ;
To determine to size of an array at run time the sizeof operator is used. This returns the size in
bytes of its argument. The name of the array is given as the operand
size_of_array = sizeof ( array_name ) ;
2) Initialisg array:-
Arrays can be initialised at time of declaration in the following manner.
type array[ size ] = { value list };
For Example :-
int i[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5 } ;
i[0] = 1, i[1] = 2, etc.
The size specification in the declaration may be omitted which causes the compiler to count the
number of elements in the value list and allocate appropriate storage.
For Example :- int i[ ] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 } ;
3) Multidimensional array:-
Multidimensional arrays of any dimension are possible in C but in practice only two or three
dimensional arrays are workable. The most common multidimensional array is a two
dimensional array for example the computer display, board games, a mathematical matrix etc.
Syntax :type name [ rows ] [ columns ] ;
For Example :- 2D array of dimension 2 X 3.
int d[ 2 ] [ 3 ] ;
A two dimensional array is actually an array of arrays, in the above case an array of two integer
arrays (the rows) each with three elements, and is stored row-wise in memory.
For Example :- Program to fill .
Ch08
This document discusses one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays in C. It covers array initialization, passing arrays to functions, and common errors. Key topics include declaring and initializing one-dimensional arrays, accessing array elements using indexes, initializing two-dimensional arrays in row-major order, and calculating the memory location of elements in two-dimensional arrays based on row and column indexes. Examples are provided to demonstrate computing averages and standard deviations of arrays.
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This document provides a summary of key concepts in Ruby including:
- Everything is an object in Ruby including true, false, nil
- Classes are defined using class, modules using module, and objects are created using Object.new
- Methods are defined using def, variables can have default values, and returns are not required
- Modules contain reusable code that can be included in classes
- Classes can inherit from other classes and modules can be mixed in
RubyMiniGuide-v1.0_0
This document provides a summary of key concepts in Ruby including:
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- Modules contain reusable code that can be included in classes
- Classes can inherit from other classes and modules can be mixed in
Ppt chapter09
This document provides an introduction to arrays in Java, including how to declare, instantiate, and manipulate one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays. Key concepts covered include using loops and indexes to access array elements, passing arrays to methods, and designing techniques like UML diagrams and structure charts for array-based problems.
Array.ppt
Arrays allow us to organize large amounts of information. They can store multiple values of the same type. Chapter 6 discusses array declaration, passing arrays as parameters, arrays of objects, sorting arrays, multidimensional arrays, the ArrayList class, polygons/polylines, and button components like checkboxes and radio buttons.
array.ppt
Arrays allow us to organize large amounts of information. They can store multiple values of the same type. Chapter 6 discusses array declaration, passing arrays as parameters, sorting array elements, multidimensional arrays, the ArrayList class for dynamically sized lists, and using arrays to represent polygons. It also covers additional GUI components like checkboxes and radio buttons.
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Exercism Challenge - Saddle Point
- 1. Saddle Point
- 2. Definition: 1. a point on a curved surface at which the curvatures in two mutually perpendicular planes are of opposite signs 2. a value of a function of two variables which is a maximum with respect to one and a minimum with respect to the other (Merriam-Webster) Uses: Used in industry for optimization & decision making e.g. optimal cost/profit point In Game Theory the saddle point represents the best strategy for both players
- 3. Exercism Instructions Detect saddle points in a given matrix where the numeric value of an element is; • The highest value in the row and, • The lowest value in the column The matrix may have zero or multiple saddle points The matrix can have a different number of rows and columns (non-square) For example; 0 1 2 0 9 8 7 1 5 3 2 2 6 6 7 <= Saddle point at (1,0) 5 is the highest number in its row and, 5 is the lowest value in the column
- 4. Exercism Test Suite 1. new method instantiates an object of the Matrix class 2. expecting a return array of the integer series of a row 3. matrix values are given in string format with new line character separating the rows 4. Expecting a return array of the integer series of a column 5. expecting a return array representing the coordinates of the saddle point in the Matrix 6. has other tests for “no saddle point” and “multiple saddle points” Comments
- 5. Exercism Solution attr reader for three return vales string manipulation to split rows and elements, mapped to array of integers transpose row to give columns private method to return saddle point
- 6. Exercism Solution nested loop through elements of row and column Checks whether each element is a saddle point via private method “saddle_point?” if element is a saddle point push to “sp” array return the sp array
- 7. Exercism Solution boolean expression to text whether element at give row & column is max value in row and; min value in colum