1. The document traces the evolution of human behavior from early hominids like Australopithecus and Homo erectus to anatomically modern humans. 2. Homo sapiens evolved from Homo erectus in Africa around 200,000 years ago and began migrating across Asia and Europe around 100,000 years ago. 3. The development of language allowed humans to exchange ideas, store knowledge across generations, and engage in collective learning, fueling increasingly complex culture.

1. The Rise of man Tracing Human Behavior From its Roots Sociology: SRHS Mr. Miers

5. Bipedal Hominids Australopithecus- “Lucy” 3.2 Million years ago Homo-Ergaster- “Working Man” 1.9-1.4 Million years ago (Fire!!!) Homo Heidelbergensis- Found in Heidelberg, Germany- 600,000-200,000 years ago (first to bury dead) some evidence of art

6. So easy a caveman can do it!

7. Neanderthals 350,000-24,000 Found in Neander Valley, Germany Large Nose, Short Body due to cold environment Cavemen- some language, art and consciousness exists but limited due to lack of communication Some argue that they were interbred out of existence

8. How, when, and where did we become human? Meet our closest ancestor, Homo erectus . Homo erectus was one of the hominid groups that was developing increasingly large brains in both Africa and Asia between about 500,000 and 200,000 years ago. This is a reconstructed Homo erectus skull, found in northern China. It dates to some time after 1.6 million years ago. Homo erectus 250k yrs ago Today Big Eras 3-9 10k 1.8 mil. yrs ago 27k Brain Development 500k – 200k yrs ago Big Era 1 Big Era 2

9. Homo erectus was a traveler! Homo erectus began migrating to southerly parts of Eurasia sometime after about 1.8 million years ago. Homo erectus 200k yrs ago Today Big Eras 3-9 10k 1.8 mil. yrs ago 27k Big Era 1 Big Era 2

10. Homo sapiens (that’s us!) evolved from Homo erectus By 200,000 years ago, people whose skeletons were like those of Homo sapiens were already living in Africa. Between that time and about 100,000 years ago, people who were both anatomically and genetically “like us” emerged in eastern and southern Africa. This is a reconstructed Homo sapiens skull, found in Israel. It has been dated to about 90,000 years ago. 200k yrs ago Human Origins: Homo sapiens in Africa 100k yrs ago S.W. Asia 200k yrs ago Human Origins: Homo sapiens in Africa Today Big Eras 3-9 10k years ago Big Era 2 Big Era 1

11. Migrations of Homo sapiens Possible coastal routes of human migration Possible landward routes of human migration Migrations in Oceania Human Origins 200,000-250,000 years ago Southwest Asia 100,000 years ago Europe 40,000 years ago Siberia 40,000 years ago Australia as many as 60,000 years ago North America 12,000-30,000 years ago Oceania 1600 B.C.E.-500 C.E. Chile 12,000-13 ,000 years ago

12. Language! Homo sapiens had language so they could exchange complex ideas with each other. they could store and add to the ideas of previous generations.- History meant survival Continued Non-Verbal Communication Because they swapped ideas, they kept finding new ways of doing things. new ways of living. Language Shared Ideas New Ideas Learning

13. Language made collective learning possible. The histories of knowledge and skills humans built up are called “culture.” No other animal can store and accumulate knowledge and skills in this way that is why we are on top of the food chain. We call this ability “collective learning.” or Neuro-Plasticity

14. Life as a Series of Cause and Effect Human emotions and social interaction during the rise of man was as important as the ability to walk upright…? But Why?

15. Cyclical Affect Population Increases/Infant Mortality Rate Drops/More Hands Make More Food/ Population Increases Small tribal bands of extended family became semi-permanent, still remained Hunters and Gatherers

16. The Role of the Shaman

17. Art and Religion as a Reflection of Nature (or the randomness of it)

18. Bring out your dead! As grief, love, trust, and personal relationships develop, we find it harder to let go of the dead. We want to believe that the person we knew continues on in some other form. We begin to keep our dead close, create ceremonies for them, adorn them with earthly things. Graveyards as a cultural gold mine!

23. At first, changes in technology were very slow. The hand Axe is the only development for 1.5 million years. After about 100,000 years ago, the pace of change began to increase. The population explodes. Social interaction increases Evidence appears from about that time of humans living in east, central, and southern Africa. They were: How did collective learning change human culture? Making more advanced and varied tools. Experimenting with body decoration and abstract symbols. For example, Blombos Cave

24. Remains discovered at Blombos Cave are one example of the more complex culture some humans were developing as many as 90,000 years ago. Photos: Arizona State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences http://clasdean.la.asu.edu/news/images/bone/ View looking out of Blombos Cave to the Indian Ocean Bone points from the cave Ochre piece with scrape marks. A person may have scraped the ochre to get powder to use to make body paint. The people who lived in this seaside camp: Made sharp stone spear points using methods that appeared in Eurasia only 50,000 or more years later. Made objects from bone, the earliest use of this material known. Scored bits of bone and ochre with marks that may have had symbolic meaning.

25. Storing up and building on new skills and new knowledge is what set our species on the path of continuing cultural changes that led to the world we live in. Diversity is simply human reaction to nature, when culture is applied, just think of the phenomenon's that are created! (example: As Homo-Sapiens settled away from the equator, sunlight exposure was weakened, this creates a lightening of the melanin pigment in skin, this in turn, created an abundance of vitamin D which created extremely strong bones) Monte Alban, Oaxaca, Mexico, 200 BCE Great Zimbabwe, Southern Africa, 1300-1500 CE

26. From about 40,000 years ago, archaeological evidence shows faster and faster cultural change and increasing complexity. Humans began to: Create both naturalistic and abstract art. Make more specialized tools. Weave and knot fiber. Decorate clothing. Make jewelry. Build semi-permanent structures. Solidifying polytheistic religious rituals The engraved horse panel in the Cave of Chauvet-Pont-D’Arc in southern France. The image is about 31,000 years old. (http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/arcnat/chauvet) Venus of the Kostenki I site in Russia dated to about 23,000 years ago. This stone female head is wearing headgear of woven basketry. (New York Times, Dec. 14, 1999. Photo: Bill Wiegand, University of Illinois.) Acceleration!

27. Did Homo sapiens meet Neanderthals? Approximate geographical range of Neandertals, 100,000-28,000 years ago Approximate geographical range of Homo sapiens by 28,000 years ago

28. Labor Roles and Job Specification DEVELOPED THROUGHOUT THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION