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Human biological and cultural evolution 2.pptx
- 1. Human biological andcultural evolution
- 2. Objectives Understand thebiological and cultural evolution of man. Trace the biological of early man to modern humans. Appreciate the struggles and the innovations of early humans.
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- 5. What is evolution? Accordingto MeriamWebster’s Dictionary it is a process of slow change and development.
- 6. Why weneed to study about human evolution?
- 7. FirstActivity Guess meWho? Try tomatch the pictures to the names, the characteristics and the year existed. Use your stock knowledge and powerful guessing skills. You have 5 minutes to finish the activity.
- 8. Time Scheme ofEvolution by Charles Darwin
- 9. Paleozoic era(supercontinent Pangaea) 500 million y. a. – plants, fungi, animals colonize land (Cambrian period) Mesozoic era = “Dinosaurs period” 250 million y. a. – first mammals Cenozoic era (after extinction of dinosaurs) 50 million y. a. – majority of mammals 5 million y. a. – diversion of humans and apes
- 11. Time scheme ofHuman Evolution
- 12. Time scheme ofHuman Evolution 5-7 million years ago - diversion of humans and apes from the common ancestor
- 13. Time scheme ofHuman Evolution 4 million years ago – ape-man: Australopithecus from Latin australis, meaning 'southern', and Greek πίθηκος (pithekos), meaning 'ape'
- 14. Time scheme ofHuman Evolution Australopithecus is an extinct genus of hominins. From paleontological and archaeological evidence, the Australopithecus genus apparently evolved in eastern Africa around 4 million years ago.The genus name, meaning “southern ape,” refers to the first fossils found, which were discovered in South Africa. Perhaps the most famous specimen of Australopithecus is “Lucy,” a remarkably preserved fossilized skeleton from Ethiopia that has been dated to 3.2 mya. Scientific name: Australopithecus Higher classification: Australopithecine Extinction status: Extinct Encyclopedia of Life Rank: Genus Phylum: Chordata Did you know: The brains of most species of Australopithecus were roughly 35% of the size of a modern human brain.
- 15. Time scheme ofHuman Evolution Lucy is the name of the first discovered who really resembles modern human
- 16. Time scheme ofHuman Evolution 2.4 million years ago – handy man: Homo habilis The type specimen is OH 7, discovered in 1960 at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania What the name means Homo, is a Latin word meaning‘human’ or ‘man’.This is the same genus or group name as the one give to modern humans and is used to show the close relationship between this species and our own. The word habilis is based on a Latin word meaning‘handy’ or‘skilful’.This species known as‘handy man’ because stone tools were found near its fossil remains and it is assumed this species had developed the ability to modify stone into tools. Age This species lived between about 2.3 and 1.5 million years ago.
- 20. Time scheme ofHuman Evolution 2 million years ago – upright man: Homo erectus
- 21. Time scheme ofHuman Evolution Compared with modern Homo sapiens, which have only been around for the last 200,000 years, Homo erectus, or "upright man," had a long reign.The ancient ancestor of modern humans lived from 2 million years ago till about 100,000 years ago, possibly even 50,000 years ago. Early fossil discoveries from Java (beginning in the 1890s) and China (‘Peking Man’, beginning in the 1920s) comprise the classic examples of this species. They can also create fire. They are 5’4 in terms of their average height but one artifacts is 6’1. Because of their discovery of fire they already learn to cook their food.
- 24. Time scheme ofHuman Evolution 400,000 - 40,000 years ago Neanderthalensis
- 25. Time scheme ofHuman Evolution Nickname: Neanderthal Where Lived: Europe and southwestern to central Asia When Lived: About 400,000 - 40,000 years ago Neanderthals (the‘th’ pronounced as‘t’) are our closest extinct human relative. Some defining features of their skulls include the large middle part of the face, angled cheek bones, and a huge nose for humidifying and warming cold, dry air.Their bodies were shorter and stockier than ours, another adaptation to living in cold environments. But their brains were just as large as ours and often larger - proportional to their brawnier bodies.
- 27. Neanderthals madeand used a diverse set of sophisticated tools, controlled fire, lived in shelters, made and wore clothing, were skilled hunters of large animals and also ate plant foods, and occasionally made symbolic or ornamental objects.There is evidence that Neanderthals deliberately buried their dead and occasionally even marked their graves with offerings, such as flowers. No other primates, and no earlier human species, had ever practiced this sophisticated and symbolic behavior.
- 28. Time scheme ofHuman Evolution 0.2 million years ago – Homo sapiens Anatomically, modern humans can generally be characterized by the lighter build of their skeletons compared to earlier humans. Modern humans have very large brains, which vary in size from population to population and between males and females, but the average size is approximately 1300 cubic centimeters. Housing this big brain involved the reorganization of the skull into what is thought of as "modern" -- a thin-walled, high vaulted skull with a flat and near vertical forehead. Modern human faces also show much less (if any) of the heavy brow ridges and prognathism of other early humans. Our jaws are also less heavily developed, with smaller teeth.
- 29. Anatomically, modernhumans can generally be characterized by the lighter build of their skeletons compared to earlier humans. Modern humans have very large brains, which vary in size from population to population and between males and females, but the average size is approximately 1300 cubic centimeters. Housing this big brain involved the reorganization of the skull into what is thought of as "modern" -- a thin-walled, high vaulted skull with a flat and near vertical forehead. Modern human faces also show much less (if any) of the heavy brow ridges and prognathism of other early humans. Our jaws are also less heavily developed, with smaller teeth.
- 32. Through CharlesDarwin and the bones of early humans with the help of some archeologist they unlock the hidden door of our existence. They give proofs that can make us believe that it is all true but why still others do not totally believe on it?
- 33. Three Major Stagesof Cultural Evolution The first stage began with nomads who hunting and gathering of food on theAfrican grasslands 2 million years ago.They made tools, organized communal activities, and divided labor. Societies that rely primarily or exclusively on hunting wild animals, fishing, and gathering wild fruits, berries, nuts, and vegetables to support their diet. Until humans began to domesticate plants and animals about ten thousand years ago, all human societies were hunter-gatherers.
- 34. The secondstage came with the development of agriculture in Africa, Eurasia, and the Americas about 10 000 - 15 000 years ago.Along with agriculture came permanent settlements and the first cities. The third stage was the Industrial Revolution, which began in the 18th century. Through all this cultural evolution we have not changed biologically in any significant way. Our know-how is stored not in our genes but in the cumulative product of hundreds of generations of human experience, passed along by parents, teachers, books, and, most recently, by electronic means.
- 35. Second Activity Dioramaof human evolution. Each group will make a diorama of human evolution using recyclable materials. 15 minutes
- 37. Quiz: ¼ sheetof paper True or False. Write true if the statement is correct and false if not. 1. Charles Darwin is the one who conceive evolution theory 2. Lucy is the name of the first fossilized fragments that really resembles modern human. 3. According to science they believe that all things comes from a single microbe. 4. Homo Habilis is the handy man. 5. Homo Erectus is the first one who created fire and use it to cook food. 6. Australopithecus is the tool maker. 7. The first stage of cultural evolution is the hunting and gathering. 8. During first stage people plant corn in order to survive. 9. The last stage is the industrial revolution. 10. During industrial revolution people stop planting and domesticating animals.
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