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4. PRE-SPANISH PERIOD
FIRST POLITICAL/ ECONOMIC
UNITS

5. PRE-SPANISH PERIOD
TRADING
 Barter System
 Is a direct exchange of goods between traders. (goal
is not to get profits but to meet needs)
Sources of Livelihood:
- Boatmaking - jewelry making
- Fishing - agriculture and livestock
- Mining - lumber & ship making
- Wine making - weaving

6. SPANISH COLONIAL
PERIOD
LAND OWNERSHIP
Encomienda System
is a Spanish word meaning "commission.“
was given as a reward to the king’s soldier
who helped in conquering towns and
territories.
DUTIES
Maintain peace and order, look after
people’s welfare, helping the Church for
Christianity.
CLASSIFICATION OF
LAND OWNERSHIP
 Lands owned by the
Church
 Lands owned by
Spaniards living in
the Philippines
 Land owned by the
mestizos and rich
Indios

7. SPANISH COLONIAL
PERIOD
FORM OF WORK/JOB
1. Polo y Servicios (Forced Labor)
Spanish Gov’t. required all males to render
forced labor.
Polista/s- work for the gov’t. for 40 days in a
year to construct building, church, roads,
galleons.
Polo y Servicio was discrimination for the
poor, exemption in this- Principalia,
Gobernadorcillos, cabeza be barangay.
Falla- payment for the exemption of the

8. SPANISH COLONIAL
PERIOD
SYSTEM OF TAXATION
The Spanish gov’t. imposed different taxes
to maintain the Philippines as a colony.
Struggle was real to keep Philippine as
colony, they put the administration to
Mexico.
Rentas Estancadas (indirect taxes)
Tributo (direct taxes)
Bandala System
The natives were forced to sell their
products to the government.

9. SPANISH COLONIAL
PERIOD
GALLEON TRADE
 A system of trading using ships called
galleon.
Obras Pias was an organization that
lend boletas to those who wanted to
join the galleon trade.
Tobacco Monopoly
 Gov. Gen. Jose Basco y Vargas
implemented the tobacco monopoly policy.
 Forced to plant tabacco in some places of
the country.

10.  FREE TRADE & COMMERCIAL
RELATION
- Payne-Aldrich Act – it allowed free entry
of Philippine products into the U.S
without tariffs and quotas.
- Underwood-Simmons Act – It removed
the quotas & tariffs on Philippine exports
to the United States.
- Tydings-McDuffie Act – it provided the
continuation of free-trade relations
between the Commonwealth of the

11. JAPANESE PERIOD
 The country was characterized by high
inflation, rationing of prime commodities,
black markets, buy-and-sell activities,
heavy taxation, and a stagnant economy.
To avert rapid inflation, Japanese
imposed price controls and rationing as
a system of distribution.
 Central Administrative Organization
impose is the coordinating body of the

12. The Republic Years
 MANUEL ROXAS ADMINISTRATION
- Bell Trade Act (Parity Rights)
- War Damage Act of 1946
- Rehabilitation and Finance Corporation (RFC)
 ELPIDIO QUIRINO ADMINISTRATION
- Import Substitution
- Import Control Law of 1950
 RAMON MAGSAYSAY ADMINISTRATION
- Land Reform Act of 1955
- Nat’l Resettlement and Rehabilitation
Administration (NARRA)

13. The Republic Years
- Farmers Cooperative & Marketing Assoc.
(FACOMA)
 CARLOS GARCIA ADMINISTRATION
- Filipino First Policy
- Filipino Retail Nationalization Trade Act
 DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL ADMINISTRATION
- Liberalization of Imported Goods and foreign
investment (Decontrol Policy)
- Land Reform Code of 1963

14. The Republic Years
 FERDINAND MARCOS ADMINISTRATION
- Board of Investment (BOI)
- Government Controlled Corporation (GOCCs)
increased
- Crony Capitalism
 CORAZON AQUINO ADMINISTRATION
- Dismantling of Monopolies
- Presidential Commission on Good Government
(PCGG)
- Foreign Investment Act of 1990
- CARP and Consumer Code

15. The Republic Years
 FIDEL RAMOS ADMINISTRATION
- Deregulation and privatization
- Philippines 2000 (tiger economy of Asia)
 JOSEPH ESTRADA ADMINISTRATION
- Medium Term Development Plan (‘94-’04)
- Pro-poor and pro-market policy
 GLORIA ARROYO ADMINISTRATION
- Free Enterprise
- Modernization of the Agricultural Sector
- Increase of moral standards of the gov’t

16. QUESTIONS:
1. Did the colonizers help the economy
of Philippines to progress and
development? Yes or No? Explain.
2. How did they influence the economy
of the Philippines? Cite some
examples.
3. In your opinion, which President had
the most significant contribution to
the Phil. Economy? Why?