Evaporation is the process where molecules in a liquid state spontaneously become a gas. It occurs when heat is applied to a solution, increasing the motion of molecules and allowing surface molecules to overcome liquid surface tension and become a gas. Factors like temperature, humidity, liquid nature, and surface area affect evaporation rate. Evaporation is important for processes like concentrating solutions, dehydrating chemicals, purifying minerals and drinking water, and is vital to the water cycle. An evaporator is a device that turns liquid into vapor using heat exchange, vacuum, and separation processes, and they are widely used in industries like chemical production, food processing, and pharmaceuticals.

1. A natural phenomenon explained
chemically
Evaporation

2. TABLE OF
CONTENTS
01
Observations and Definitions
Theoretical and Practical
02
Mechanism
How Evaporation Works? And Difference between it other heat
processes
03
Experiment
Experimentally showcasing evaporation
04
Factors
Factors governing rate of Evaporation

3. TABLE OF
CONTENTS
05
Purpose of Evaporation
Importance of evaporation
06
Evaporator
What is evaporator and parts & types of evaporator
07
Uses of Evaporation
Showcasing utilization of evaporation in various industries

4. • Water in a bowl placed over stove disappears
after a while
• Wet clothes hung in open sun tend to dry
quickly
• During summer, lakes and other water bodies
get dry
• Hot tea gradually cools down after a while
• Ice cubes turn into water if left outside
General
Observations

5. Theoretically;
“A type of phase transition in which
molecules in a liquid state spontaneously
become gaseous”
Practically;
“Evaporation is a process of vaporizing
large quantities of volatile liquid to get a
concentrated product”
Definition

6. Mechanism
When heat applied in solution the motion of
molecules increase and molecules present in the
surface overcome the surface tension of the
liquid and it evaporates because surface
molecules have less cohesive force than others.

7. Difference between
Evaporation and Vaporization
Evaporation Vaporization
Process by which liquid changes to its
vapors at a temperature below its Boiling
Point
Process by which liquid changes to
vapors at it Boiling Point
Takes place at all temperature Takes place at only fixed temperature i.e.
boiling point
A slow and silent process A fast and violent process
Evaporation takes place only at
surface of liquid
Takes place over the entire mass of the
liquid

8. China Dish
Pipette
Electronic
Balance
Stopwatch
Experiment
1. Take a China Dish
2. Using pipette measure 10 ml of acetone and pour it into the china dish
3. Record the weight using an electronic balance
4. Start the Stopwatch
5. After thirty minutes check the weight again
6. Record the observations and compare them
Acetone
Procedure
Apparatus Chemicals

9. Observations
A decrease in the volume of Acetone is observed
Results
The decrease in the volume of acetone suggests that its molecules by
acquiring heat energy from the atmosphere should have evaporated
leaving us with less volume of liquid than before

10. Nature of the Liquid
Humidity
Temperature
Surface Area
Factors Affecting the
rate of Evaporation

11. To concentrate a solution
For Dehydration of various chemical
products
For Purification of minerals
To purify Drinking water
Vital for Water cycle
Purpose of Evaporation

12. An evaporator is a device used to turn the liquid
form of a chemical substance such as water into
its gaseous-form/vapor.
Evaporator

13. Parts
• Heat Exchanger
• Vacuum
• Vapor Separator
• Condenser
Types
• Natural circulation evaporators
• Forced circulation evaporators
• Agitated film evaporators

14. Production of Dyes, Salt,
Glycerin, Sodium Nitraten
paints and pigments
Chemical Industry Food Industry
Pharmaceutical
Industry
In preparation of Bulk
drugs, Yeast extract,
concentration of insulin etc.
Production of pulps, Fruit
juices, Herbal extracts,
Protein, Gelatin etc.
Uses of Evaporation

15. THANKS
Does anyone have any questions?