26 June 2019: The Pesticides Risk Reduction Seminar provided a good opportunity for experts in OECD governments and stakeholders to share their knowledge, experience and possible concerns in the area of Evolving Digital and Mechanical Technologies for Pesticides and Pest Management.
Drones-as-a-Service for agricultural applications (by Philipp Trénel)TUS Expo
At TUS Nordics 2017, Philipp Trénel gave the presentation ‘Drones-as-a-Service for agricultural applications’ in our Arctic track, on Thursday 12 October 2017.
Digital farming in crop protection - OECD Pesticide Risk Reduction Seminar - ...OECD Environment
26 June 2019: The Pesticides Risk Reduction Seminar provided a good opportunity for experts in OECD governments and stakeholders to share their knowledge, experience and possible concerns in the area of Evolving Digital and Mechanical Technologies for Pesticides and Pest Management.
How are drones used for farming? The use of drones in agriculture is the future. Heavy lift drones capable of crop dusting and drones equipped with multispectral sensors will change the way in which farming is done.
Drones-as-a-Service for agricultural applications (by Philipp Trénel)TUS Expo
At TUS Nordics 2017, Philipp Trénel gave the presentation ‘Drones-as-a-Service for agricultural applications’ in our Arctic track, on Thursday 12 October 2017.
Digital farming in crop protection - OECD Pesticide Risk Reduction Seminar - ...OECD Environment
26 June 2019: The Pesticides Risk Reduction Seminar provided a good opportunity for experts in OECD governments and stakeholders to share their knowledge, experience and possible concerns in the area of Evolving Digital and Mechanical Technologies for Pesticides and Pest Management.
How are drones used for farming? The use of drones in agriculture is the future. Heavy lift drones capable of crop dusting and drones equipped with multispectral sensors will change the way in which farming is done.
Digital Farming: Producing more with less in a sustainable way - OECD Pestici...OECD Environment
26 June 2019: The Pesticides Risk Reduction Seminar provided a good opportunity for experts in OECD governments and stakeholders to share their knowledge, experience and possible concerns in the area of Evolving Digital and Mechanical Technologies for Pesticides and Pest Management.
The adoption of modern technologies in agriculture, such as the use of drones have great potential to revolutionize the Indian agriculture and ensure country's food security.
The farmers face many problems like unavailability or high cost of labours , health problems by coming in contact with chemicals (fertilizers, pesticides, etc.) while applying them in the field, bite by insects or animals, etc. In this context, drones can help farmers in avoiding these troubles in conjunction with the benefits of being a green technology.
Initially drones were designed only for military purpose. Since last decade drones are making a marvelous change in agricultural sector. Due to the increasing demand for agricultural labors, need for the increase in food production and food security, drones can be employed to bring the next revolution in agriculture. Hence, drones can be used by the Research Institutions, Agricultural Universities and State Agricultural Department to bring the future changes.
Introducing SkyClaim by Skymatics
Provides an overview of the background and motivation for the SkyClaim web application which utilizes aerial imagery information from consumer drones for crop insurance claims.
http://skymatics.com/skyclaim/
A presentation by Dr. Cassidy Rankine at the 2016 Farm Forum Event (Trimble and Agri-Trend) in Calgary Alberta, Dec 6-8 2016.
Agriculture in India constitutes more than 60% of the occupation. It serves to be the backbone of Indian economy. It is very important to improve the efficiency and productivity of agriculture by simultaneously providing safe cultivation of the farmers. Operations like spraying of pesticides, sprinkling fertilizers are very tedious. Use of drones for spraying of pesticides and sprinkling fertilizers can avoid health risks of farmer. Drones are the best option for capturing high resolution images. For remote sensing, aerial images are a very precise and convenient source of data for agricultural management. Mostly, satellite images have been used as the primary source of information for analyzing crop status in precision agriculture.Drones can used for chemical spraying. UAV estimation of crop nutrient status can directly benefit the application rate recommendations by producer or agronomist consultant by including the entirety of the field.An analysis can be performed with UAVs that has no equivalent in satellite sensors: a three-dimensional representation of surface conditions, also known as digital elevation models (DEMs).. Drones are a solid option for monitoring herds from overhead, tracking the quantity and activity level of animals on one’s field.
This presentation covers the principles of remote sensing and reflectance profiling and explains how the concept of spectral signature is utilized in entomology research
precise weed management is very useful under large land holdings which reduces cost of cultivation to a greater extent. remote sensing plays a major role in site specific weed management
Choosing the Best UAV Drones for Precision Agriculture and Smart Farming: Agr...Redmond R. Shamshiri
Best Drones For Agriculture, Exploring agricultural drones, Agricultural Drone Technology, Agricultural Drones for Sale, Choosing the Best UAV Drones for Precision Agriculture and Smart Farming: Agricultural drone buyer’s guide for farmers and agriculture service professionals
Targetted Breeding Applications Of CRISPR-Cas Technology For European MarketsFabio Caligaris
Presented at Plant Genomics and Gene Editing Congress: Europe. For more information visit: www.global-engage.com
CRISPR-Cas as an advanced plant breeding tool is a more efficient way to improve plants and help farmers produce more and better food, with fewer resources. The superior properties of CRISPR-Cas allows DuPont Pioneer scientists to develop innovative and sustainable seed products for growers similar to those realized through conventional plant breeding, but with even greater efficiency, accuracy and quality.
Digital Farming: Producing more with less in a sustainable way - OECD Pestici...OECD Environment
26 June 2019: The Pesticides Risk Reduction Seminar provided a good opportunity for experts in OECD governments and stakeholders to share their knowledge, experience and possible concerns in the area of Evolving Digital and Mechanical Technologies for Pesticides and Pest Management.
The adoption of modern technologies in agriculture, such as the use of drones have great potential to revolutionize the Indian agriculture and ensure country's food security.
The farmers face many problems like unavailability or high cost of labours , health problems by coming in contact with chemicals (fertilizers, pesticides, etc.) while applying them in the field, bite by insects or animals, etc. In this context, drones can help farmers in avoiding these troubles in conjunction with the benefits of being a green technology.
Initially drones were designed only for military purpose. Since last decade drones are making a marvelous change in agricultural sector. Due to the increasing demand for agricultural labors, need for the increase in food production and food security, drones can be employed to bring the next revolution in agriculture. Hence, drones can be used by the Research Institutions, Agricultural Universities and State Agricultural Department to bring the future changes.
Introducing SkyClaim by Skymatics
Provides an overview of the background and motivation for the SkyClaim web application which utilizes aerial imagery information from consumer drones for crop insurance claims.
http://skymatics.com/skyclaim/
A presentation by Dr. Cassidy Rankine at the 2016 Farm Forum Event (Trimble and Agri-Trend) in Calgary Alberta, Dec 6-8 2016.
Agriculture in India constitutes more than 60% of the occupation. It serves to be the backbone of Indian economy. It is very important to improve the efficiency and productivity of agriculture by simultaneously providing safe cultivation of the farmers. Operations like spraying of pesticides, sprinkling fertilizers are very tedious. Use of drones for spraying of pesticides and sprinkling fertilizers can avoid health risks of farmer. Drones are the best option for capturing high resolution images. For remote sensing, aerial images are a very precise and convenient source of data for agricultural management. Mostly, satellite images have been used as the primary source of information for analyzing crop status in precision agriculture.Drones can used for chemical spraying. UAV estimation of crop nutrient status can directly benefit the application rate recommendations by producer or agronomist consultant by including the entirety of the field.An analysis can be performed with UAVs that has no equivalent in satellite sensors: a three-dimensional representation of surface conditions, also known as digital elevation models (DEMs).. Drones are a solid option for monitoring herds from overhead, tracking the quantity and activity level of animals on one’s field.
This presentation covers the principles of remote sensing and reflectance profiling and explains how the concept of spectral signature is utilized in entomology research
precise weed management is very useful under large land holdings which reduces cost of cultivation to a greater extent. remote sensing plays a major role in site specific weed management
Choosing the Best UAV Drones for Precision Agriculture and Smart Farming: Agr...Redmond R. Shamshiri
Best Drones For Agriculture, Exploring agricultural drones, Agricultural Drone Technology, Agricultural Drones for Sale, Choosing the Best UAV Drones for Precision Agriculture and Smart Farming: Agricultural drone buyer’s guide for farmers and agriculture service professionals
Similar to Evaluating drone application technology in crop protection: FMC's experience in China and USA - OECD Pesticide Risk Reduction Seminar - John Andaloro
Targetted Breeding Applications Of CRISPR-Cas Technology For European MarketsFabio Caligaris
Presented at Plant Genomics and Gene Editing Congress: Europe. For more information visit: www.global-engage.com
CRISPR-Cas as an advanced plant breeding tool is a more efficient way to improve plants and help farmers produce more and better food, with fewer resources. The superior properties of CRISPR-Cas allows DuPont Pioneer scientists to develop innovative and sustainable seed products for growers similar to those realized through conventional plant breeding, but with even greater efficiency, accuracy and quality.
Cost and Setup Report on Wet Wipe Manufacturing Plant Project.pptxgauravimarcgroup
The report provides a complete roadmap for setting up a wet wipe manufacturing plant. It covers a comprehensive market overview to micro-level information such as unit operations involved, raw material requirements, utility requirements, infrastructure requirements, machinery and technology requirements, manpower requirements, packaging requirements, transportation requirements, etc.
The report provides a complete roadmap for setting up an insect repellent manufacturing plant. It covers a comprehensive market overview to micro-level information such as unit operations involved, raw material requirements, utility requirements, infrastructure requirements, machinery and technology requirements, manpower requirements, packaging requirements, transportation requirements, etc.
IMARC Group’s report, titled “Deodorant Manufacturing Plant Project Report 2024: Industry Trends, Plant Setup, Machinery, Raw Materials, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue” provides a complete roadmap for setting up a deodorant manufacturing plant. It covers a comprehensive market overview to micro-level information such as unit operations involved, raw material requirements, utility requirements, infrastructure requirements, machinery and technology requirements, manpower requirements, packaging requirements, transportation requirements, etc. The deodorant project report provides detailed insights into project economics, including capital investments, project funding, operating expenses, income and expenditure projections, fixed costs vs. variable costs, direct and indirect costs, expected ROI and net present value (NPV), profit and loss account, financial analysis, etc.
Detailed Project Report on Setting up a Organic Cotton Manufacturing PlantIMARC Group
The report provides a complete roadmap for setting up an organic cotton manufacturing plant. It covers a comprehensive market overview to micro-level information such as unit operations involved, raw material requirements, utility requirements, infrastructure requirements, machinery and technology requirements, manpower requirements, packaging requirements, transportation requirements, etc.
More Info:- https://www.imarcgroup.com/organic-cotton-manufacturing-plant-project-report
The report provides a complete roadmap for setting up a sanitizer manufacturing plant. It covers a comprehensive market overview to micro-level information such as unit operations involved, raw material requirements, utility requirements, infrastructure requirements, machinery and technology requirements, manpower requirements, packaging requirements, transportation requirements, etc.
Hand Sanitizer Manufacturing Process, Machinery Requirements and Project ReportIMARC Group
The report provides a complete roadmap for setting up an hand sanitizer manufacturing plant. It covers a comprehensive market overview to micro-level information such as unit operations involved, raw material requirements, utility requirements, infrastructure requirements, machinery and technology requirements, manpower requirements, packaging requirements, transportation requirements, etc.
The report provides a complete roadmap for setting up an Organic Hemp Manufacturing Plant. It covers a comprehensive market overview to micro-level information such as unit operations involved, raw material requirements, utility requirements, infrastructure requirements, machinery and technology requirements, manpower requirements, packaging requirements, transportation requirements, etc.
Solar Panel Manufacturing Plant Project Report.pptxgeorgebrinton95
The report provides a complete roadmap for setting up an Solar Panel manufacturing plant. It covers a comprehensive market overview to micro-level information such as unit operations involved, raw material requirements, utility requirements, infrastructure requirements, machinery and technology requirements, manpower requirements, packaging requirements, transportation requirements, etc.
The report provides a complete roadmap for setting up a Flannel Fabric Manufacturing Plant. It covers a comprehensive market overview to micro-level information such as unit operations involved, raw material requirements, utility requirements, infrastructure requirements, machinery and technology requirements, manpower requirements, packaging requirements, transportation requirements, etc.
Detailed Project Report on Diphenylamine Manufacturing Unit SetupIMARC Group
The report provides a complete roadmap for setting up an diphenylamine manufacturing plant. It covers a comprehensive market overview to micro-level information such as unit operations involved, raw material requirements, utility requirements, infrastructure requirements, machinery and technology requirements, manpower requirements, packaging requirements, transportation requirements, etc.
Shrimp processing plant covers a comprehensive market overview to micro-level information such as unit operations involved, raw material requirements, utility requirements, infrastructure requirements, machinery and technology requirements, manpower requirements, packaging requirements, transportation requirements, etc.
Kray Protection - Autonomous agricultural drones for crop dustingArtem Sorokin
Crop protection with ground application takes up to 20% of crop value due to trampling and requires a big equipment capex. Aerial application with currently available aviation services can cut these costs roughly in half.
Nevertheless, these services have severe disadvantages - they are outsourced (only 22% of US&C farms, the biggest ones, have own aerial application capabilities), too expensive ($25 to $50 per hectare), limited (a lot of fields cannot be processed due to size and form, or obstacles), prone to capacity shortages (many farmers need the same service in the same time, so shortages are practically inevitable).
Besides the crop protection needs to be applied in a particular moment of the crop or pest life cycle (often window is limited to 1 day) – so being able to make it exactly when it is needed is very important and not possible with current states of things in any way of application.
The very important is that application of crop protection impacts up to 70% of yield, so outsourcing it to aerial services leads to limited control.
Therefore, the reliable, inexpensive, in-house, productive enough aerial solution for crop protection application could solve severe pain experienced by farmers with middle-sized acreage.
The report provides a complete roadmap for setting up a Dichlorodifluoromethane Manufacturing Plant. It covers a comprehensive market overview to micro-level information such as unit operations involved, raw material requirements, utility requirements, infrastructure requirements, machinery and technology requirements, manpower requirements, packaging requirements, transportation requirements, etc.
Similar to Evaluating drone application technology in crop protection: FMC's experience in China and USA - OECD Pesticide Risk Reduction Seminar - John Andaloro (20)
OECD Green Talks LIVE | Diving deeper: the evolving landscape for assessing w...OECD Environment
Water is critical for meeting commitments of the Paris Agreement and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Our economies rely on water, with recent estimates putting the economic value of water and freshwater ecosystems at USD 58 trillion - equivalent to 60% of global GDP. At the same time, water related risks are increasing in frequency and scale in the context of climate change.
How are investments shaping our economies and societies exposure to water risk? What role can the financial system play in supporting water security? And how can increased understanding of how finance both impacts and depends on water resources spur action towards greater water security?
This OECD Green Talks LIVE on Tuesday 14 May 2024 from 15:00 to 16:00 CEST discussed the evolving landscape for assessing water risks to the financial system.
OECD Policy Analyst Lylah Davies presented key findings and recommendations from recent OECD work on assessing the financial materiality of water-related risks, including the recently published paper “Watered down? Investigating the financial materiality of water-related risks” and was joined by experts to discuss relevant initiatives underway.
Detlef Van Vuuren- Integrated modelling for interrelated crises.pdfOECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
Thomas Hertel- Integrated Policies for the Triple Planetary Crisis.pdfOECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
Jon Sampedro - Assessing synergies and trade offs for health and sustainable ...OECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
Astrid Bos - Identifying trade offs & searching for synergies.pdfOECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
Ruth Delzeit - Modelling environmental and socio-economic impacts of cropland...OECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
Wilfried Winiwarter - Implementing nitrogen pollution control pathways in the...OECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
Laurent Drouet - Physical and Economic Risks of Climate Change.pdfOECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
HyeJin Kim and Simon Smart - The biodiversity nexus across multiple drivers: ...OECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
Case Study: Peptides-based Plant Protection Product (harpin proteins*) by Ros...OECD Environment
The seminar on Problem Formulation for the Risk Assessment of Biopesticides stemmed from a previous CRP-sponsored event on Innovating Microbial Pesticide Testing that identified the need for an overarching guidance document to determine when in vivo tests are necessary. Problem Formulation, a common practice in pesticide risk assessment, was highlighted as a useful approach for addressing uncertainties in data requirements for biopesticides.
The seminar featured presentations from various perspectives, including industry, regulatory bodies, and academia. Topics included the history and principles of Problem Formulation, industry perspectives on Problem Formulation and how it is applied internally for microbial pesticides, regulatory approaches, and specific case studies. The seminar provided an overview of the challenges, considerations, and potential solutions in harmonising Problem Formulation for biopesticide risk assessment. It emphasised the need for collaboration and discussion to develop Problem Formulation guidance for biopesticides.
CLE Contribution on the Assessment of Innovative Biochemicals in the EU Statu...OECD Environment
The seminar on Problem Formulation for the Risk Assessment of Biopesticides stemmed from a previous CRP-sponsored event on Innovating Microbial Pesticide Testing that identified the need for an overarching guidance document to determine when in vivo tests are necessary. Problem Formulation, a common practice in pesticide risk assessment, was highlighted as a useful approach for addressing uncertainties in data requirements for biopesticides.
The seminar featured presentations from various perspectives, including industry, regulatory bodies, and academia. Topics included the history and principles of Problem Formulation, industry perspectives on Problem Formulation and how it is applied internally for microbial pesticides, regulatory approaches, and specific case studies. The seminar provided an overview of the challenges, considerations, and potential solutions in harmonising Problem Formulation for biopesticide risk assessment. It emphasised the need for collaboration and discussion to develop Problem Formulation guidance for biopesticides.
Additional Considerations for Pesticide Formulations Containing Microbial Pes...OECD Environment
The seminar on Problem Formulation for the Risk Assessment of Biopesticides stemmed from a previous CRP-sponsored event on Innovating Microbial Pesticide Testing that identified the need for an overarching guidance document to determine when in vivo tests are necessary. Problem Formulation, a common practice in pesticide risk assessment, was highlighted as a useful approach for addressing uncertainties in data requirements for biopesticides.
The seminar featured presentations from various perspectives, including industry, regulatory bodies, and academia. Topics included the history and principles of Problem Formulation, industry perspectives on Problem Formulation and how it is applied internally for microbial pesticides, regulatory approaches, and specific case studies. The seminar provided an overview of the challenges, considerations, and potential solutions in harmonising Problem Formulation for biopesticide risk assessment. It emphasised the need for collaboration and discussion to develop Problem Formulation guidance for biopesticides.
Role of genome sequencing (WGS) in microbial biopesticides safety assessment ...OECD Environment
The seminar on Problem Formulation for the Risk Assessment of Biopesticides stemmed from a previous CRP-sponsored event on Innovating Microbial Pesticide Testing that identified the need for an overarching guidance document to determine when in vivo tests are necessary. Problem Formulation, a common practice in pesticide risk assessment, was highlighted as a useful approach for addressing uncertainties in data requirements for biopesticides.
The seminar featured presentations from various perspectives, including industry, regulatory bodies, and academia. Topics included the history and principles of Problem Formulation, industry perspectives on Problem Formulation and how it is applied internally for microbial pesticides, regulatory approaches, and specific case studies. The seminar provided an overview of the challenges, considerations, and potential solutions in harmonising Problem Formulation for biopesticide risk assessment. It emphasised the need for collaboration and discussion to develop Problem Formulation guidance for biopesticides.
Considerations for Problem Formulation for Human Health Safety Assessments of...OECD Environment
The seminar on Problem Formulation for the Risk Assessment of Biopesticides stemmed from a previous CRP-sponsored event on Innovating Microbial Pesticide Testing that identified the need for an overarching guidance document to determine when in vivo tests are necessary. Problem Formulation, a common practice in pesticide risk assessment, was highlighted as a useful approach for addressing uncertainties in data requirements for biopesticides.
The seminar featured presentations from various perspectives, including industry, regulatory bodies, and academia. Topics included the history and principles of Problem Formulation, industry perspectives on Problem Formulation and how it is applied internally for microbial pesticides, regulatory approaches, and specific case studies. The seminar provided an overview of the challenges, considerations, and potential solutions in harmonising Problem Formulation for biopesticide risk assessment. It emphasised the need for collaboration and discussion to develop Problem Formulation guidance for biopesticides.
How to Identify and Quantify Mixtures What is Essential to Know for Risk Asse...OECD Environment
The seminar on Problem Formulation for the Risk Assessment of Biopesticides stemmed from a previous CRP-sponsored event on Innovating Microbial Pesticide Testing that identified the need for an overarching guidance document to determine when in vivo tests are necessary. Problem Formulation, a common practice in pesticide risk assessment, was highlighted as a useful approach for addressing uncertainties in data requirements for biopesticides.
The seminar featured presentations from various perspectives, including industry, regulatory bodies, and academia. Topics included the history and principles of Problem Formulation, industry perspectives on Problem Formulation and how it is applied internally for microbial pesticides, regulatory approaches, and specific case studies. The seminar provided an overview of the challenges, considerations, and potential solutions in harmonising Problem Formulation for biopesticide risk assessment. It emphasised the need for collaboration and discussion to develop Problem Formulation guidance for biopesticides.
APVMA outcome-focussed approach to data requirements to support registration ...OECD Environment
The seminar on Problem Formulation for the Risk Assessment of Biopesticides stemmed from a previous CRP-sponsored event on Innovating Microbial Pesticide Testing that identified the need for an overarching guidance document to determine when in vivo tests are necessary. Problem Formulation, a common practice in pesticide risk assessment, was highlighted as a useful approach for addressing uncertainties in data requirements for biopesticides.
The seminar featured presentations from various perspectives, including industry, regulatory bodies, and academia. Topics included the history and principles of Problem Formulation, industry perspectives on Problem Formulation and how it is applied internally for microbial pesticides, regulatory approaches, and specific case studies. The seminar provided an overview of the challenges, considerations, and potential solutions in harmonising Problem Formulation for biopesticide risk assessment. It emphasised the need for collaboration and discussion to develop Problem Formulation guidance for biopesticides.
The U.S. Perspective on Problem Formulation for Biopesticides: Shannon BORGESOECD Environment
The seminar on Problem Formulation for the Risk Assessment of Biopesticides stemmed from a previous CRP-sponsored event on Innovating Microbial Pesticide Testing that identified the need for an overarching guidance document to determine when in vivo tests are necessary. Problem Formulation, a common practice in pesticide risk assessment, was highlighted as a useful approach for addressing uncertainties in data requirements for biopesticides.
The seminar featured presentations from various perspectives, including industry, regulatory bodies, and academia. Topics included the history and principles of Problem Formulation, industry perspectives on Problem Formulation and how it is applied internally for microbial pesticides, regulatory approaches, and specific case studies. The seminar provided an overview of the challenges, considerations, and potential solutions in harmonising Problem Formulation for biopesticide risk assessment. It emphasised the need for collaboration and discussion to develop Problem Formulation guidance for biopesticides.
Problem formulation for environmental risk assessment – Finnish case study: ...OECD Environment
The seminar on Problem Formulation for the Risk Assessment of Biopesticides stemmed from a previous CRP-sponsored event on Innovating Microbial Pesticide Testing that identified the need for an overarching guidance document to determine when in vivo tests are necessary. Problem Formulation, a common practice in pesticide risk assessment, was highlighted as a useful approach for addressing uncertainties in data requirements for biopesticides.
The seminar featured presentations from various perspectives, including industry, regulatory bodies, and academia. Topics included the history and principles of Problem Formulation, industry perspectives on Problem Formulation and how it is applied internally for microbial pesticides, regulatory approaches, and specific case studies. The seminar provided an overview of the challenges, considerations, and potential solutions in harmonising Problem Formulation for biopesticide risk assessment. It emphasised the need for collaboration and discussion to develop Problem Formulation guidance for biopesticides.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Evaluating drone application technology in crop protection: FMC's experience in China and USA - OECD Pesticide Risk Reduction Seminar - John Andaloro
1. OECD Risk Reduction Seminar: “Evolving Digital and Mechanical Technologies for Pesticide Application and Pest Management”
Evaluating Drone Application Technology
in Crop Protection:
FMC’s Experience in China and USA
John T Andaloro - Global Technical Product Mgr
Xuan Li and Edward Lang - Global Application Technology Engineers
June 2019
2. 2
Drone Technology:
FMC’s Organization and Reasons for Engagement
Global Product
Development Mgr
Responsible for Diamide insecticide-
Rynaxypyr® (Coragen®, Prevathon®)
• Product performance
• Label & stewardship
• Resistance management
• Product attributes and tech positioning
• Competitive products & disruptors
• Knowledge gap research
• Training, Life Cycle Man, Renewal
FMC’s
Coragen®:
Top Selling
Insecticide on
China Rice
2018:
Over 18 M
Hectares
Sprayed by
Drones
• Technical foundation
• Product registration
• Label and stewardship
• Product research & development
• Competitive products & disruptors
• Training
• Renewal
Country R&D
Responsible for coordinating
country research to register support,
and maintain FMC portfolio.
Application Technology
Responsible for understanding
technology that enhances or
impacts FMC pesticide portfolio.
• Product support and renewal
• New technology assessment
• Formulation optimization
• Spray quality control
• Discovery sprayer design
• Integrate technology innovations
into FMC portfolio offering
3. Drone Technology is a New Application Method
MUST MEET BASIC APPLICATION
TECHNOLOGY STANDARDS FOR CROP
PROTECTION
✓ Accurately apply the label rate.
✓ Guarantee uniform distribution of active
ingredient over target crop/plant part.
To Maximize the Insecticidal Attributes of a Product
and Crop Protection
However, this will
be challenging for
a number of
reasons
4. Application Technology Challenge #1: New Chemistry
Crop Protection Chemicals Have Advanced- Insects Must Feed:
SG&A % of
Revenue
EBITDA
(Billions)
R&D
(Millions)
AvauntAvaunt™*™* InsecticideInsecticide
Larvae walking
over a dried spray
residual are
controlled
• Older products
were active
through contact
and vapor
pressure
• These products
are also more
toxic to
mammals or the
environment
New Insecticides Have Very Different Modes of Action and Entry
Larvae ingesting
a bite of leaf, are
paralyzed, and
die
▪ Organophosphates
▪ Carbamates
▪ Pyrethroids
▪ Organochlorines
• Newer products
depend on the
insects
ingesting treated
plant material.
• These products
are much safer to
mammals and
the environment
and at some at
lower rates.
Larvae walking
over a dried
spray residual
MAY NOT be
affected
▪ Diamides
▪ Spinosyns
▪ Insect Growth Regulators
▪ Biologicals
▪ RNAi
5. Application Technology Challenge #2 - Targeted Delivery
Must Deliver Product to Where the Pest is Located/Feeding
Canopy Penetration is Required for Insect Control
Rice Stem Borer
• Stem Borer larvae are deeper in the canopy.
• Once they bore into the stem they can’t access
the insecticide.
• Brown Plant Hoppers feed at the base of the rice
plant near the water line.
• Hoppers secrete toxins that kill the plant.
Brown Plant Hopper
Rice Stem Borers and Planthoppers Can Devastate a Crop
6. Application Technology Challenge #2 - Targeted Delivery
Must Deliver Product to Where the Pest is Located/Feeding
Insecticide Must Move Down the Whorl to Control Fall Armyworm
Spodoptera frugiperda needs to be controlled at early larval stage in the whorl or it can destroy a crop
Need:
• High water volume
• Directed nozzle
7. Application Technology Challenge #3 – Maximizing Product Attributes
Need Quality Spray Technology to Deliver Value and for Product Longevity
Good Spray Coverage Improves Insecticidal Efficacy:
MAXIMIZES PRODUCT ATTRIBUTES
Suboptimized spray quality cheats
growers of promised product value
Example Coragen®
8. ✓ Very few new products
✓ Remaining products less effective – (Resistance)
✓ Products removed for human & environmental tox
✓ Many spraying methods are suboptimal (China)
✓ Resistance Management is improved through quality spraying
Greatest challenges
Food security is one of the
of the 21st century.
Pest Resistance will Impact China Rice Production!!!!
Application Technology Challenge #3: Managing Insect Resistance
Product Longevity is Improved Through Quality Application Accuracy
9. 2014: Introduction to Drone Applicators - 1st Observations
Guangxi Tianyuan Co. (GXTY) Spinning disc generates
small droplets
10. 2014: Introduction to Drone Applicators - 1st Observations
Guangxi Tianyuan Co. (GXTY) Spinning disc generates
small droplets
• Single rotor- Similar to Yamaha
• Fixed boom- Accurate gr ai/ha
• Consistent speed- Uniform coverage
• Grower safety during application
• Spinning disk- LV to ULV -
…..Small droplets → Drift potential
• Human pilot- Pest control = skill level
• End row spotter- Inefficient
11. Fixed boom, constant speed,
stable pressure prevail over
highly human variables
Battery Operated Back-Pack
Vacuum Pump
Gas Powered Pump-Large Hose Hand Pump Back-Pack
2014 Observation
vs
Despite issues, drone application should be an
improvement over some ground spraying methods.
12. 2014 Observation:
China Ministry of Ag Was Depending on UAV Technology
Can Drone Application:
▪ increase efficiency YES
▪ improve application accuracy YES
▪ reduce pesticide loss ??
▪ improve crop protection ??
➢ EFFICIENCY OF PESTICIDE USAGE IN CHINA IS ONLY 35%
➢ MIN OF AG IS AIMING TO IMPROVE BY 5% BY 2020.
“Zero” pesticide and fertilizer growth:”
Ministry of Ag (NATESC) Policy
Article 32: Reduced use of agrichemicals: increase
biologicals and advanced spraying devices
Application accuracy is the key driving
force to reduce pesticide use.
NOT
REDUCING LABELED USE RATES!!!!
13. After 2014:
The Drone World Transformed….and became more complicated
Area Treated By All China Drone Manufacturers
UAV Units Doubled -Treated Acreage Tripled
UAV Units Acreage treated
2017 14 K 5.5-6.7 MM Ha
2018 24K-30K 13.3-20 MM Ha
▪ Multi-Rotors & nozzle types
▪ Various spray system integrations
▪ New models yearly. Drone Swarms
▪ Contracted Spray Services
▪ 100’s Drone Manufacturers
▪ 40,000 Drone units by 2020
▪ Evolving pilot and drone standards
▪ Spray parameters not standardized
14. Manufacturers Focus On Drone
New Model Promotions
▪ Higher capacity
▪ RTK cm precision
▪ Flight pattern programmable
▪ Integrated imaging
▪ Better flight control
▪ Next gen radar
▪ Intelligent battery
▪ Flight stability
▪ AI integrated
Slow to Address:
✓ Spray system design
✓ Application accuracy
✓ Better pest control
✓ Improved crop protection
Less on the spray system and integration with the drone
Upgraded spray system
(tank design)
Customer → Spray Service
Providers (not grower)
15. 2019 - Challenges to China’s Agriculture Drone Industry
STAKEHOLDERS MUST TAKE STEPS TO ADDRESS BARRIERS AND CHALLENGES
❑ Current aircraft flight time and payload capacity
❑ Affordability of drones and crop management services
❑ Training for Farm Owners
❑ Supply and Training of Drone Pilots
❑ Regulatory Restrictions to VLOS and Day-time Operations
We anticipate China’s prominent drone
manufacturers and major crop science
organizations to lead the unification
process of agriculture drone standards.
Crop science organizations will
move towards standardizing
formulations and product mixes
to fit drone delivered solutions.
IPSOS Consulting 2019 Report:
As part of our assessment, we have met with drone associations, institutions,
manufacturers, service providers, value chain stakeholders and industry experts.
Need quality
low drift
formulations
Need spray system
standards!!
16. 1. Low spray volume - 30 l/ha (RSB, BPH FAW coverage & efficacy concerns)
Will drone application control high pest pressure??
2. Micron-size droplets.
Potential for drift/poor coverage – herbicide app liability??
3. Need standard reference for spray system parameters to guide manufacturing.
Are drone models optimally integrated with spray systems and validated by spray quality & best crop protection??
4. Need validated spray models for all multi-rotor UAV’s.
Do we understand the dynamics of aerial droplet dispersal based on drone size, speed, rotor down-draft,
windspeed, temp, boom length, nozzle type, orifice size, pump pressure, distribution by droplet size …etc.??
5. Require quality control/certification process for spray service providers to deliver best quality app.
Train users on drone, spray system, product, pest/crop knowledge→ Crop Protection partnerships needed.
6. Lack of detailed industry best management practices (BMP’s) for grower, pilot, spray team.
Guidance on how to mitigate variables (biological, env, chemical, spray system parameters, safety).
7. Regulatory agencies lack data and experience to provide label guidance
- Most drone sprays are off-label (below min spray volume)!
- ICAMA leadership needed to regulate drift management, minimal equipment and procedural certification,
develop biological data to verify product label claims with drone method of application.
2019 - Challenges to China’s Agriculture Drone Industry
FMC Global Technology Team
17. 2019 - Challenges to China’s Agriculture Drone Industry
✓ Need standard reference for spray system parameters.
✓ Need validated spray models for all multi-rotor UAV’s.
Fixed Boom Under Multi-Rotor?
Boom width & Distance from Rotor?
Drop Nozzles:
Distance from Rotor?
Assume it doesn’t matter?
18. ✓ Low spray volume & Micron-size droplets
✓ Need validated spray models for all multi-rotor UAV’s
2019 - Challenges to China’s Agriculture Drone Industry
Assume it doesn’t matter?
Small droplet-size nozzles. Not drop nozzles.
At mercy of rotor speed and pump pressure
19. Spray service upon demand may result in:
✓ Poorly timed sprays vs recommended technical positioning
✓ Large larvae – mediocre crop protection
✓ Need to meet a schedule-ignore weather conditions
Drone Market: Predicted Operational Models in China
Future TrendPrevalenceType of Operational Model
Leaser Service Provider
Farm Owner-Operator Uncommon
Common
Present Short-Term Long-Term
Present Short-Term Long-Term
IPSOS Consulting 2019 Report:
20. 2019 – Drone Issues Exist But Significant Improvements Are In Progress
▪ Signs of recognizing the importance of quality
crop protection as drone benefit
▪ Service providers receiving bio training
▪ Flight path planning - Autonomous flight
▪ RTK differential positioning
▪ Better sensing technology
▪ Minimal pilot training needed
▪ Efforts underway to certify drone
▪ Remote sensing - > safety
▪ Ground and spray verification
▪ Real-time image processing
▪ Increased biology pilot training
▪ Variable rate spraying
▪ Multi-sensing data fusion
▪ Larger spray tanks
• FAO
• ISO
• WHO
• EASA
• CLI
• OECD
• EPA
• USDA
• Univ Calif
• ICAMA
• SCAU
• CAU
• Min of Ag
• NATESC
• FAA
• NAAA
• ASTM
• ASABE
Many National and International Agencies
are Addressing UAV’s for Pesticide
Application: Focus on Safety
Technical and Procedural
Currently very hard to keep track of players, topics,
objectives, progress since little has been completed or
yet communicated; no base or reference to upgrade.
21. FMC Initial Attempt to Develop Guidelines for Drone Application Excellence
BEST
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICES
2019 | version 2.0
First launch in 2018
22. FMC China R&D: Drone Testing in Replicated Large Plot Trials
Two Years and Six Trials: Drone Testing in
Rice vs Rice Stem Borer and Rice Leaf Folder
Key Results and Observations – Rice Trials
Altacor® 35 WG: 30 gr ai/ha
Coragen® 20 SC: 30 gr ai/ha
Drone Spray Vol: 7.5, 15, 22.5 L/Ha
Backpack Spray Vol: 225-450 L/Ha
Timing: Tillering – Peak egg hatch
Adjuvants: Malfei®, Felwa®, Red Swift®
Drones: DJI MG-1P and Xaircraft P20, MG1S
Backpack: Electric power with single wand
✓ Crop protection by drones statistically equal to backpack sprays
- Regardless of spray water volume
✓ MG1S drone had greater variation vs MG-1P and P20
✓ Crop protection with autonomous flight control was better than manual control
✓ Adjuvant tank mixed with Altacor® had less variation vs no adjuvant
DJI MG-1P XAIR P20 DJI MG1S
Some trials conducted with Dr Guobin Wang from College of Engineering, South China Agricultural
University/National Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agricultural Aviation Pesticides Spraying Technology (NPAAC)
23. Test Results
Field deposition: 50-100 l/ha
Field capacity: 2-3 ha/hour
• No significant differences in mildew
control between ground spray, RPA
spray and controls.
• Three season long test sites
• Refined chemical mix over time.
• Due to commercial sale of grapes,
registered products only.
Challenge for access: ground and manned
aerial application Backpack applications >
800 Euro/ha
California Grapes Sprayed Commercially Since 2017
Pictures by Ken Giles – UC Davis
24. Drone Application Tests: FMC’s Altacor® and
Brigade® on California Almonds
Leading Edge Pv60 - 6-rotor Drone Applicator for California Almond Test in 2018
model modified and marketed by Leading Edge Co.
Pilot
Visual observer must
maintain visual contact
Pictures by Ken Giles – UC Davis
Professor Emeritus Durham Giles
Biological & Agricultural Engineering
University of California, Davis
Davis, California, USA
25. Visualized canopy penetration on
WSP mounted on poles at multiple
heights within the almond canopy
Evaluate The Use And Performance of Drone Application Of
Altacor® and Brigade*® On California Almonds - 2018
Spray top high canopy where
coverage is needed but difficult by
conventional orchard sprayers
Pictures by Ken Giles – UC Davis
26. EVALUATING
SPRAY DEPOSITION
▪ Altacor® (Rynaxypyr®) 35 WG
▪ Brigade® (Bifenthrin) 2EC
▪ Adjuvant: w/wo Dyne-Amic
▪ Spray Volume: 50 and 100 l/ha
▪ Spray applications with FMC products can be made through
commercially-available remotely-piloted aircraft with ease of
calibration, product flow and atomization.
▪ Spray deposition, using fine droplets, into canopy was uniform.
Potentially more uniform than high-volume ground spray
applications.
▪ Deposition, as measured by droplet density counts and residue
analysis of active ingredient, was approximately 50% from top of
tree canopy to bottom of tree canopy. Smaller droplets
penetrated deeper into canopy.
▪ Addition of spray adjuvant (surfactant) improved spray coverage.
EC formulation + surfactant resulted in greatest spread, likely due
to lowest surface tension.
▪ Overall methods and results are encouraging for future
assessment and development.
Lower
Top
Middle
FMC collaboration with Dr. Ken Giles at UC Davis and Leading Edge Associates
Card images analyzed
using Drop Vision
Deposition in
Canopy 100L
Evaluate The Use And Performance of Drone
Application Of Altacor® and Brigade*® On
California Almonds - 2018
28. 28
✓ Overall, seemingly very successful 5 years of commercial use (rice
and cotton) in China and 2 years in California (grapes).
✓ Amazing technology with remarkable benefits.
(many we don’t even know about yet!)
✓ Iterative technical advancements are occurring but slow compared
to dramatic increase in use.
✓ Regulatory and operational guidelines needed….labeling upgrades!
✓ Even once fully optimized….drone applications may be inferior to
ground application in some situations – Need to understand
limitations.
✓ Drone manufacturers need to involve Crop Protection expertise in
design/validation.
Drone Application of Pesticides
some final thoughts
32. The 2019 FMC Best Management Practices Are an Initial Attempt to
Develop Guidelines for Drone Application Excellence
BEST
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICES
INDUSTRY WIDE
MODEL SPECIFIC
HIGH QUALITY SPRAY
BEST PEST CONTROL
MEET MoA DIRECTIVE
ENVIRONMENTAL
STEWARDSHIP
33. Best Management Practices For
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Applications
FOCUS MUST ALWAYS BE
Crop Protection
FORMULATION AND
ADJUVANT
• Product choice
• Adjuvant types
• Spray preparation
• Proper tank mix
sequence
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS
• Preferred conditions
• Marginal conditions
• Conditions avoid
spraying
SPRAY
SYSTEM
• Spray system
calibration
• Accurate drone
application
• Key equipment and
spray variables
• Safety and
drift/exposure
PEST
CONTROL
• Spray coverage
• High insect pest
populations
• New growth
• Product
positioning/timing
• Pest resistance
FOCUS MUST ALWAYS BE
Crop Protection & Safety
34. 34
PRODUCT AND
ADJUVANT
• Product choice
• Adjuvant types
• Spray preparation
• Proper tank mix
sequence
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS
• Preferred conditions
• Marginal conditions
• Conditions avoid
spraying
SPRAY
SYSTEM
• Spray system
calibration
• Accurate drone
application
• Key equipment and
spray variables
• Safety and
drift/exposure
PEST
CONTROL
• Spray coverage
• High insect pest
populations
• New growth
• Product
positioning/timing
• Pest resistance
Pest Control Variables
Affecting Drone Application
FOCUS MUST ALWAYS BE
Crop Protection & Safety
35. Application Technology Challenge #3 – Maximizing Product Attributes
Need Quality Spray Technology to Deliver Value and for Product Longevity
Good Spray Coverage Improves Insecticidal Efficacy:
MAXIMIZES PRODUCT ATTRIBUTES
Suboptimized spray quality cheats
growers of promised product value
Example Coragen®
36. 36
Follow Product Positioning Recommendation
To reduce the risk of developing resistant insect populations
Natural Enemies
Spray Coragen®/Altacor®
➢ During tillering stage -> spray during adult flight and at early egg lay
➢ For 2 applications 2 weeks apart -> to protect new growth and control continuous egg lay and large worms
➢ Target moth flight and egg lay -> to spray before damage occurs
➢ Coragen®, Altacor® sprayed on the foliage or Ferterra® applied to the
paddy early in the rice season conserve natural enemies.
➢ Rynaxypyr® products are safe non-target organisms in the field
Non-target organisms
37. 37
Follow Product Positioning Recommendation
To reduce the risk of developing resistant insect populations
Mode of Action Number
SPRAY PROGRAM MUST FOLLOW
INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE
MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDS
Poor application:
Selects insects that are resistant to the
insecticide chemistry and accelerates
the development of resistance.
Occurs with both ground and air applicators
General Recommendations:
• Apply Coragen®, Altacor®, Ferterra® and other Group 28 Mode of
Action products during vegetative stage.
• Late vegetative and reproductive stage apps should be rotated to
insecticides with a different Mode of Action.
• Rotating different insecticide chemistries delays insect resistance and
prolongs the life of effective products.
38. 38
Product And Adjuvant Variables
Affecting Drone Application
PEST
CONTROL
• Spray coverage
• High insect pest
populations
• New growth
• Product
positioning/timing
• Pest resistance
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS
• Preferred conditions
• Marginal conditions
• Conditions avoid
spraying
SPRAY
SYSTEM
• Spray system
calibration
• Accurate drone
application
• Key equipment and
spray variables
• Safety and
drift/exposure
PRODUCT AND
ADJUVANT
• Product choice
• Adjuvant types
• Spray preparation
• Proper tank mix
sequence
FOCUS MUST ALWAYS BE
Crop Protection
FOCUS MUST ALWAYS BE
Crop Protection & Safety
39. 39
Spray Preparation And Proper Tank Mix Sequence
To ensure compatibility of the tank mix and to avoid clogged nozzles during
spraying or tank cleanout issues
during spraying or tank cleanout issues
❑ Fill spray tank ¼ to ½ full of water
❑ Add products and mix thoroughly.
❑ Follow the correct sequence
❑ Allow time for complete mixing and dispersion.
❑ Pesticides should be applied as soon as possible.
❑ Do not store spray mix solutions overnight.
❑ If spray is postponed agitate to re-suspend material.
Wrong Order of
Addition-
OD Before EC
Drone tanks do not
have agitation??
40. 40
• Use quality adjuvants.
• Adjuvants that penetrate the leaf surface and also reduce surface tension of
the spray droplets are preferred.
• The combination of all the ingredients in the spray mix, especially the
presence of adjuvants, affects droplet size and thus alters the drift potential.
Use of adjuvants
To select the best adjuvants that will maximize effectiveness
of insect control products
41. 41
PEST
CONTROL
• Spray coverage
• High insect pest
populations
• New growth
• Product
positioning/timing
• Pest resistance
PRODUCT AND
ADJUVANT
• Product choice
• Adjuvant types
• Spray preparation
• Proper tank mix
sequence
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS
• Preferred conditions
• Marginal conditions
• Conditions avoid
spraying
SPRAY
SYSTEM
• Spray system
calibration
• Accurate drone
application
• Key equipment and
spray variables
• Safety and
drift/exposure
Spray System Variables
Affecting Drone Application
FOCUS MUST ALWAYS BE
Crop Protection & Safety
42. 42
4X View – Leaf Dry Deposit4X View – Leaf Dry Deposit
Calibration Is Necessary and Never A Simple Task
To ensure the correct amount of active ingredient is accurately applied
Poorly calibrated spray systems may
❑ Provide poor pest control
❑ Accelerate insect resistance
❑ Reduce crop yield
High quality application to maximize pest control
➢ To deliver an accurate amount of product as label rate
➢ To even distribution of active ingredient over the field or to
the targets
43. 43
Product Effectiveness Must Be Improved……
Through Better Application Accuracy
Pesticide Drift Is No Accident:
❑ Good Coverage vs. Driftable Fines
❑ Weather and Environmental Factors
❑ Unique drone air wake
45. 45
PEST
CONTROL
• Spray coverage
• High insect pest
populations
• New growth
• Product
positioning/timing
• Pest resistance
PRODUCT AND
ADJUVANT
• Product choice
• Adjuvant types
• Spray preparation
• Proper tank mix
sequence
SPRAY
SYSTEM
• Spray system
calibration
• Accurate drone
application
• Key equipment and
spray variables
• Safety and
drift/exposure
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS
• Preferred conditions
• Marginal conditions
• Conditions avoid
spraying
Environmental Variables
Affecting Drone Application
FOCUS MUST ALWAYS BE
Crop Protection & Safety
46. 46
Preferred Environmental Conditions
To maximize on-target application and minimize drift
• Avoid spray when
• Wind speed too high (exceeds 4 m/s) or too
low (less than 1.5m/s)
• Temperature inversion
Temperature and Relative Humidity
• When facing marginal conditions
• Increase drop size and water volume
Wind Condition and Temperature Inversion
• Time application to avoid rain or overhand
irrigation for at least 2hr after application