The document provides information about writing essays, including what an essay is, its typical structure, and how to outline an essay. It states that an essay is an organized collection of ideas on a topic that is written and presented professionally. An essay usually has an introductory paragraph, multiple body paragraphs that each focus on one main idea, and a concluding paragraph. It also provides examples of essay outlines and introduces the concept of a thesis statement.
This document provides guidance on writing cause and effect paragraphs. It discusses the purpose of cause and effect paragraphs, which is to understand why something occurs or the results of an event. It also discusses achieving unity and coherence in these paragraphs. There are two common organizational patterns - effect to cause, where the topic sentence introduces an effect and then discusses causes, and cause to effect, where the topic sentence introduces a cause and then discusses effects. The document provides sample paragraphs and outlines for each pattern as well as vocabulary words that are useful for linking causes and effects.
This document provides instruction on differentiating between causes and effects and how to structure cause-effect writing. It begins by giving examples of causes versus effects for two scenarios: bad traffic in Istanbul and becoming a millionaire. It then discusses cause-effect vocabulary and how to structure sentences to indicate whether a cause or effect is coming before or after. The document provides examples of writing cause and effect sentences as well as outlines for writing paragraphs focused on multiple causes or multiple effects of a single topic. It emphasizes the importance of brainstorming ideas and creating an outline before writing to ensure good structure and content.
Context clues are significant in determining meaning of unfamiliar vocabulary without seeking for denotative meanings from a dictionary.
In this presentation, major types of context clues will be exemplified based on the most essential learning competencies of DepED.
The document discusses the dangers of sun exposure, including sun burns, sun tans, and skin cancer. It provides a link to a CBC news video about sun dangers, which discusses how failing to wear sunscreen or sunglasses can cause serious and lasting damage to the body from overexposure to the sun's UV rays. The document outlines a listening activity where students make predictions about what the video will cover before watching, then check which predictions were confirmed after listening to the intro.
Here are instructions for 3 tasks:
How to shut down a computer properly:
1. Click the Start button
2. Select the Power icon
3. Select "Shut down"
How to print a document from a computer:
1. Open the document you want to print
2. Click File then Print
3. Select your printer and click Print
How to cook instant noodles:
1. Boil water in a pot
2. Add noodles and flavoring packet to boiling water
3. Cook for 2-3 minutes until noodles are soft
4. Remove from heat and serve
Appropriate grammatical signals or expressionsJemicaColasito
This lesson allows you to use appropriate grammatical signals or expressions suitable to different patterns of idea development. It will enhance your writing skills by choosing the best transitional words to coherently connect your ideas.
These poems are about funny situations involving pets, family members, and other imaginative scenarios. Some of the key themes are:
- A dog who thinks illogically and claims impossible things.
- Pigs and other pets who hog the TV remote.
- Parents who drive their child crazy by constantly giving them chores and tasks.
- Imaginative scenarios like aliens landing at school or a fish flying a spaceship.
- Pets misbehaving like a cat who cleans the room too well or a puppy who punches the child.
The poems use humor and exaggeration for comedic effect in describing everyday events or characters in amusing ways. They aim to make the reader
The document provides guidance on writing effective topic sentences through different structures and techniques, including power statements using number words, occasion/position statements using conjunctions, and list statements. It discusses avoiding "there are" phrases and provides examples of topic sentences using different structures like compound sentences, lists, and attention-grabbing verbs.
This document provides guidance on writing cause and effect paragraphs. It discusses the purpose of cause and effect paragraphs, which is to understand why something occurs or the results of an event. It also discusses achieving unity and coherence in these paragraphs. There are two common organizational patterns - effect to cause, where the topic sentence introduces an effect and then discusses causes, and cause to effect, where the topic sentence introduces a cause and then discusses effects. The document provides sample paragraphs and outlines for each pattern as well as vocabulary words that are useful for linking causes and effects.
This document provides instruction on differentiating between causes and effects and how to structure cause-effect writing. It begins by giving examples of causes versus effects for two scenarios: bad traffic in Istanbul and becoming a millionaire. It then discusses cause-effect vocabulary and how to structure sentences to indicate whether a cause or effect is coming before or after. The document provides examples of writing cause and effect sentences as well as outlines for writing paragraphs focused on multiple causes or multiple effects of a single topic. It emphasizes the importance of brainstorming ideas and creating an outline before writing to ensure good structure and content.
Context clues are significant in determining meaning of unfamiliar vocabulary without seeking for denotative meanings from a dictionary.
In this presentation, major types of context clues will be exemplified based on the most essential learning competencies of DepED.
The document discusses the dangers of sun exposure, including sun burns, sun tans, and skin cancer. It provides a link to a CBC news video about sun dangers, which discusses how failing to wear sunscreen or sunglasses can cause serious and lasting damage to the body from overexposure to the sun's UV rays. The document outlines a listening activity where students make predictions about what the video will cover before watching, then check which predictions were confirmed after listening to the intro.
Here are instructions for 3 tasks:
How to shut down a computer properly:
1. Click the Start button
2. Select the Power icon
3. Select "Shut down"
How to print a document from a computer:
1. Open the document you want to print
2. Click File then Print
3. Select your printer and click Print
How to cook instant noodles:
1. Boil water in a pot
2. Add noodles and flavoring packet to boiling water
3. Cook for 2-3 minutes until noodles are soft
4. Remove from heat and serve
Appropriate grammatical signals or expressionsJemicaColasito
This lesson allows you to use appropriate grammatical signals or expressions suitable to different patterns of idea development. It will enhance your writing skills by choosing the best transitional words to coherently connect your ideas.
These poems are about funny situations involving pets, family members, and other imaginative scenarios. Some of the key themes are:
- A dog who thinks illogically and claims impossible things.
- Pigs and other pets who hog the TV remote.
- Parents who drive their child crazy by constantly giving them chores and tasks.
- Imaginative scenarios like aliens landing at school or a fish flying a spaceship.
- Pets misbehaving like a cat who cleans the room too well or a puppy who punches the child.
The poems use humor and exaggeration for comedic effect in describing everyday events or characters in amusing ways. They aim to make the reader
The document provides guidance on writing effective topic sentences through different structures and techniques, including power statements using number words, occasion/position statements using conjunctions, and list statements. It discusses avoiding "there are" phrases and provides examples of topic sentences using different structures like compound sentences, lists, and attention-grabbing verbs.
This document provides guidance on writing a persuasive essay, including determining the purpose, audience, and thesis statement. It outlines the typical five-paragraph structure, with an introduction, three body paragraphs presenting main points, and a conclusion. Each body paragraph includes a topic sentence, supporting examples, and a transition to the next point. The conclusion restates the thesis and main ideas. Sample essay prompts are provided on the topics of fame, lying, and petitioning parents for a privilege.
The document discusses the concluding paragraph of an essay, noting that it should summarize the main idea without presenting new information, and that common techniques to end an essay include using a closing statement, summarizing the main points, or restating the thesis. Sample outlines and an example concluding paragraph are also provided.
This powerpoint will help you to deeply understand about the 4 common pairs of correlative conjunction and learn how to use them in combining sentences.
Here are 24 words related to difficult situations and how people deal with them:
1. pliant - easily influenced
2. yield - to surrender or to relinquish to the physical control of another
3. robust - having strength or vigorous health
4. gracefully - displaying grace in form or action
5. protestations - the act of protesting; a solemn declaration or avowal
6. onslaught - an especially fierce attack
7. survive - to remain alive; to live on
8. dominated - to exert the supreme determining and guiding influence on
9. experience - practical knowledge, skill or practice derived from direct observation of or participation of events
10. vague - not clearly expressed
11.
This document discusses different types of conjunctions in English language. There are three main types: coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions, and correlative conjunctions. Coordinating conjunctions join grammatically similar parts of a sentence, such as words, phrases, or independent clauses. Common coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, nor, and for. Subordinating conjunctions introduce dependent clauses and indicate the relationship between the dependent and independent clauses. Frequent subordinating conjunctions are after, although, because, before, how, once, since, and than. Correlative conjunctions always come in pairs and link balanced words, phrases, or clauses, such as both, and, either,
The document discusses hedging, or cautious language, as a key feature of academic writing. It explains that hedging is useful when commenting on other researchers' work or discussing different studies, as it is difficult to be certain of all the evidence. It provides examples of hedging language and compares stronger and weaker claims. The document emphasizes that hedging allows for more precise writing while reflecting the writer's stance on the evidence, and too much hedging could undermine confidence, so a balance is important.
This powerpoint covers the reading strategy of drawing conclusions. It explains that drawing conclusions involves using details from a story to understand elements that are not explicitly stated, similar to making inferences while watching TV. It provides an example passage where the reader must conclude that Daniel is waiting at an airport gate to board a flight, and is likely traveling somewhere Spanish is spoken based on clues in the text. The document encourages readers to look for clues authors provide and complete a worksheet to practice this reading strategy.
The document discusses the key characteristics of a strong topic sentence for a paragraph. An effective topic sentence should [1] express the main idea, [2] state a definite opinion or attitude, and [3] give the reader a clear understanding of what the paragraph is about. It should be a complete sentence that introduces both the topic and controlling idea for the paragraph.
Exploiting nature has several adverse effects, but two main ones are the extinction of animal species and loss of forests. The document provides guidance on writing introductions, thesis statements, and body paragraphs for cause and effect essays. It discusses starting with general statements or opposite ideas, using past vs present tense, and asking questions. Sample thesis statements and body paragraphs are given for topics like reasons for stress in parent-child relationships, causes of rising divorce rates, and effects of exploiting nature. The document offers tips for concluding paragraphs like restating the thesis and adding a final comment.
This document provides 20 rules for subject-verb agreement in English. Some key points covered are: singular subjects require a singular verb and plural subjects require a plural verb; prepositional phrases between the subject and verb do not usually affect agreement; subjects can come after the verb in questions; collective nouns and units of measurement usually take singular verbs; and indefinite pronouns like everyone and nobody take singular verbs. The document stresses that only the subject, not other words in the sentence, determines if the verb is singular or plural.
Table of Contents
List of Conjunctions………………….........slide 3
What is a conjunction?..............................slide 4
Types of Conjunctions…………….....slides 5-13
Coordinating Conjunctions
Subordinate Conjunctions
Correlative Conjunctions
Conjunctive Adverbs
Quiz and Answers…………………....slide 14-15
What is a conjunction?
Coordinating ConjunctionsThese conjunctions are seven very common words. They are very small, made up of three or fewer letters.
When to Use Each Coordinating Conjunction:
Subordinate Conjunctions cont….Subordinate conjunctions often begin a dependent clause. If the dependent clause begins or interrupts the sentence, then it is separated from the independent clause by a comma.
Correlative Conjunctions
Conjunctive AdverbsConjunctive adverbs provide connections and transitions that clarify or limit the meaning of words.
Conjunctive Adverbs cont….
The document provides transition words and phrases to help smoothly link sentences and paragraphs together. It includes conjunctions, adverbs, and phrases to indicate time, examples, emphasis, sequences, comparisons, and conclusions. Using these transitional elements can help create coherent, well-organized writing.
This document provides information about identifying and expressing cause-and-effect relationships in writing. It discusses how to determine causes and effects by asking "why" and "what" questions. Several examples are given of causal language that can be used to link causes and effects, including verbs like "cause", "lead to", and "result in/from". The document also demonstrates how multiple cause-effect relationships can be connected into chains within a single paragraph.
Counterargument and Refutation ParagraphsJustineWhite6
This document provides guidance on writing counterargument and refutation paragraphs. It defines key terms like thesis statement, counterargument, and refutation. It explains the typical parts and structure of counterargument and refutation paragraphs. It also offers advice on how to introduce counterarguments and refutations, including using transition words and phrases. Sample counterargument and refutation paragraphs are provided with annotations explaining the components.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of conjunctions that are used to join parts of sentences. There are coordinating conjunctions like and, but, or, nor that join words, phrases and independent clauses. Subordinating conjunctions like because, if, when introduce dependent clauses. Correlative conjunctions like both...and, either...or are pairs of conjunctions used together. Conjunctive adverbs like also, however provide logical connections and are followed by commas. Examples are provided to illustrate the use of each type of conjunction.
Eight Interesting Ways to Teach Reading Comprehension in the ClasAlyssia
This document provides 8 tips for teaching reading comprehension in the classroom:
1) Using 5 sentence passages to discuss literal and inferential questions.
2) Implementing reciprocal reading strategies like predicting, questioning, clarifying, and summarizing.
3) Having students predict what a text will be about from images, titles, or headings.
4) Generating questions about a text that can be answered from what was read.
5) Summarizing texts in various word counts or formats like reviews.
6) Using frameworks like "Tell Me" to discuss books.
7) Role playing as a character to understand their perspective.
8) Creating interactive posters about texts using online tools.
The document discusses subordination in sentences. Subordination is a grammatical strategy to communicate that one idea is more important than another in the same sentence. The main clause contains the more important idea, while the subordinate clause contains the less important idea. Different conjunctions and relative pronouns are used to join the clauses and indicate their relationship. Examples are provided to illustrate proper and faulty subordination. Faulty subordination occurs when the order of importance is reversed or the conjunction does not logically connect the clauses. Faulty sentences can be corrected by changing conjunctions or breaking sentences into multiple sentences.
This document discusses the use of signal words to connect and develop ideas. It provides 10 categories of signal words with examples: 1) words that signal continuation, 2) words that signal changes, 3) words that signal sequence, 4) words that signal illustration, 5) words that signal emphasis, 6) words that signal cause/condition/result, 7) words that signal location, 8) words that signal comparison/contrast, 9) words that signal conclusion, and 10) words that signal approximation. The signal words help guide the reader through the progression of ideas in a coherent manner.
The document provides information and guidelines about writing narrative paragraphs. It defines a narrative paragraph as a short story or description of an event that tells about a personal memory. It discusses what makes a good narrative topic and provides examples. It also outlines the typical parts and structure of a narrative paragraph, including a topic sentence, body sentences with details, and a concluding sentence. Additionally, it gives tips on using point of view, chronological order, and time transitions effectively in a narrative.
This document discusses comparison and contrast as a method of analysis. It explains that comparison shows similarities while contrast shows differences between two or more items. Choosing items for comparison that are similar is advised. The primary purpose of a comparison/contrast essay is to persuade, explain or inform the reader according to the author's thesis. There are two main patterns of organization: point-by-point, where each point is analyzed separately for both items, and block organization, where all attributes of one item are discussed before moving to the next item. An example comparing cars uses these organizational patterns.
The document provides information about preparing for the IELTS writing test at Holmesglen Institute of TAFE. It discusses the two tasks in the IELTS writing test - a 150-word report describing a graph or diagram, and a 250-word essay on a given topic. It also provides sample writing tasks, guidelines for writing reports, and strategies for improving IELTS writing scores.
This experiment tested the effects of a gibberellic acid solution on the closing speed of Venus flytrap leaves' two closing phases. It was hypothesized that the acid would increase the speed of the growth-related second phase but not the first, turgor pressure-driven phase. The results found that both phases closed faster with the acid, but statistical tests found a significant difference only for the second phase, supporting the original hypothesis. The experiment could be improved by controlling environmental variables better and using more plants.
This document provides guidance on writing a persuasive essay, including determining the purpose, audience, and thesis statement. It outlines the typical five-paragraph structure, with an introduction, three body paragraphs presenting main points, and a conclusion. Each body paragraph includes a topic sentence, supporting examples, and a transition to the next point. The conclusion restates the thesis and main ideas. Sample essay prompts are provided on the topics of fame, lying, and petitioning parents for a privilege.
The document discusses the concluding paragraph of an essay, noting that it should summarize the main idea without presenting new information, and that common techniques to end an essay include using a closing statement, summarizing the main points, or restating the thesis. Sample outlines and an example concluding paragraph are also provided.
This powerpoint will help you to deeply understand about the 4 common pairs of correlative conjunction and learn how to use them in combining sentences.
Here are 24 words related to difficult situations and how people deal with them:
1. pliant - easily influenced
2. yield - to surrender or to relinquish to the physical control of another
3. robust - having strength or vigorous health
4. gracefully - displaying grace in form or action
5. protestations - the act of protesting; a solemn declaration or avowal
6. onslaught - an especially fierce attack
7. survive - to remain alive; to live on
8. dominated - to exert the supreme determining and guiding influence on
9. experience - practical knowledge, skill or practice derived from direct observation of or participation of events
10. vague - not clearly expressed
11.
This document discusses different types of conjunctions in English language. There are three main types: coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions, and correlative conjunctions. Coordinating conjunctions join grammatically similar parts of a sentence, such as words, phrases, or independent clauses. Common coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, nor, and for. Subordinating conjunctions introduce dependent clauses and indicate the relationship between the dependent and independent clauses. Frequent subordinating conjunctions are after, although, because, before, how, once, since, and than. Correlative conjunctions always come in pairs and link balanced words, phrases, or clauses, such as both, and, either,
The document discusses hedging, or cautious language, as a key feature of academic writing. It explains that hedging is useful when commenting on other researchers' work or discussing different studies, as it is difficult to be certain of all the evidence. It provides examples of hedging language and compares stronger and weaker claims. The document emphasizes that hedging allows for more precise writing while reflecting the writer's stance on the evidence, and too much hedging could undermine confidence, so a balance is important.
This powerpoint covers the reading strategy of drawing conclusions. It explains that drawing conclusions involves using details from a story to understand elements that are not explicitly stated, similar to making inferences while watching TV. It provides an example passage where the reader must conclude that Daniel is waiting at an airport gate to board a flight, and is likely traveling somewhere Spanish is spoken based on clues in the text. The document encourages readers to look for clues authors provide and complete a worksheet to practice this reading strategy.
The document discusses the key characteristics of a strong topic sentence for a paragraph. An effective topic sentence should [1] express the main idea, [2] state a definite opinion or attitude, and [3] give the reader a clear understanding of what the paragraph is about. It should be a complete sentence that introduces both the topic and controlling idea for the paragraph.
Exploiting nature has several adverse effects, but two main ones are the extinction of animal species and loss of forests. The document provides guidance on writing introductions, thesis statements, and body paragraphs for cause and effect essays. It discusses starting with general statements or opposite ideas, using past vs present tense, and asking questions. Sample thesis statements and body paragraphs are given for topics like reasons for stress in parent-child relationships, causes of rising divorce rates, and effects of exploiting nature. The document offers tips for concluding paragraphs like restating the thesis and adding a final comment.
This document provides 20 rules for subject-verb agreement in English. Some key points covered are: singular subjects require a singular verb and plural subjects require a plural verb; prepositional phrases between the subject and verb do not usually affect agreement; subjects can come after the verb in questions; collective nouns and units of measurement usually take singular verbs; and indefinite pronouns like everyone and nobody take singular verbs. The document stresses that only the subject, not other words in the sentence, determines if the verb is singular or plural.
Table of Contents
List of Conjunctions………………….........slide 3
What is a conjunction?..............................slide 4
Types of Conjunctions…………….....slides 5-13
Coordinating Conjunctions
Subordinate Conjunctions
Correlative Conjunctions
Conjunctive Adverbs
Quiz and Answers…………………....slide 14-15
What is a conjunction?
Coordinating ConjunctionsThese conjunctions are seven very common words. They are very small, made up of three or fewer letters.
When to Use Each Coordinating Conjunction:
Subordinate Conjunctions cont….Subordinate conjunctions often begin a dependent clause. If the dependent clause begins or interrupts the sentence, then it is separated from the independent clause by a comma.
Correlative Conjunctions
Conjunctive AdverbsConjunctive adverbs provide connections and transitions that clarify or limit the meaning of words.
Conjunctive Adverbs cont….
The document provides transition words and phrases to help smoothly link sentences and paragraphs together. It includes conjunctions, adverbs, and phrases to indicate time, examples, emphasis, sequences, comparisons, and conclusions. Using these transitional elements can help create coherent, well-organized writing.
This document provides information about identifying and expressing cause-and-effect relationships in writing. It discusses how to determine causes and effects by asking "why" and "what" questions. Several examples are given of causal language that can be used to link causes and effects, including verbs like "cause", "lead to", and "result in/from". The document also demonstrates how multiple cause-effect relationships can be connected into chains within a single paragraph.
Counterargument and Refutation ParagraphsJustineWhite6
This document provides guidance on writing counterargument and refutation paragraphs. It defines key terms like thesis statement, counterargument, and refutation. It explains the typical parts and structure of counterargument and refutation paragraphs. It also offers advice on how to introduce counterarguments and refutations, including using transition words and phrases. Sample counterargument and refutation paragraphs are provided with annotations explaining the components.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of conjunctions that are used to join parts of sentences. There are coordinating conjunctions like and, but, or, nor that join words, phrases and independent clauses. Subordinating conjunctions like because, if, when introduce dependent clauses. Correlative conjunctions like both...and, either...or are pairs of conjunctions used together. Conjunctive adverbs like also, however provide logical connections and are followed by commas. Examples are provided to illustrate the use of each type of conjunction.
Eight Interesting Ways to Teach Reading Comprehension in the ClasAlyssia
This document provides 8 tips for teaching reading comprehension in the classroom:
1) Using 5 sentence passages to discuss literal and inferential questions.
2) Implementing reciprocal reading strategies like predicting, questioning, clarifying, and summarizing.
3) Having students predict what a text will be about from images, titles, or headings.
4) Generating questions about a text that can be answered from what was read.
5) Summarizing texts in various word counts or formats like reviews.
6) Using frameworks like "Tell Me" to discuss books.
7) Role playing as a character to understand their perspective.
8) Creating interactive posters about texts using online tools.
The document discusses subordination in sentences. Subordination is a grammatical strategy to communicate that one idea is more important than another in the same sentence. The main clause contains the more important idea, while the subordinate clause contains the less important idea. Different conjunctions and relative pronouns are used to join the clauses and indicate their relationship. Examples are provided to illustrate proper and faulty subordination. Faulty subordination occurs when the order of importance is reversed or the conjunction does not logically connect the clauses. Faulty sentences can be corrected by changing conjunctions or breaking sentences into multiple sentences.
This document discusses the use of signal words to connect and develop ideas. It provides 10 categories of signal words with examples: 1) words that signal continuation, 2) words that signal changes, 3) words that signal sequence, 4) words that signal illustration, 5) words that signal emphasis, 6) words that signal cause/condition/result, 7) words that signal location, 8) words that signal comparison/contrast, 9) words that signal conclusion, and 10) words that signal approximation. The signal words help guide the reader through the progression of ideas in a coherent manner.
The document provides information and guidelines about writing narrative paragraphs. It defines a narrative paragraph as a short story or description of an event that tells about a personal memory. It discusses what makes a good narrative topic and provides examples. It also outlines the typical parts and structure of a narrative paragraph, including a topic sentence, body sentences with details, and a concluding sentence. Additionally, it gives tips on using point of view, chronological order, and time transitions effectively in a narrative.
This document discusses comparison and contrast as a method of analysis. It explains that comparison shows similarities while contrast shows differences between two or more items. Choosing items for comparison that are similar is advised. The primary purpose of a comparison/contrast essay is to persuade, explain or inform the reader according to the author's thesis. There are two main patterns of organization: point-by-point, where each point is analyzed separately for both items, and block organization, where all attributes of one item are discussed before moving to the next item. An example comparing cars uses these organizational patterns.
The document provides information about preparing for the IELTS writing test at Holmesglen Institute of TAFE. It discusses the two tasks in the IELTS writing test - a 150-word report describing a graph or diagram, and a 250-word essay on a given topic. It also provides sample writing tasks, guidelines for writing reports, and strategies for improving IELTS writing scores.
This experiment tested the effects of a gibberellic acid solution on the closing speed of Venus flytrap leaves' two closing phases. It was hypothesized that the acid would increase the speed of the growth-related second phase but not the first, turgor pressure-driven phase. The results found that both phases closed faster with the acid, but statistical tests found a significant difference only for the second phase, supporting the original hypothesis. The experiment could be improved by controlling environmental variables better and using more plants.
Virtual teams have become more common in today's workplace, allowing companies to hire talent from around the world. However, leading virtual teams can be challenging due to lack of in-person interaction. This article discusses best practices for influencing virtual teams, such as overcommunicating goals and expectations, providing frequent feedback, and using video conferencing to build personal connections between remote team members.
A summary of "Don't Reply All" - an Amazon #1 Best Selling book about 18 email tactics that help you write better emails and improve communication with your team.
More info here: http://www.thecouchmanager.com/dontreplyall
Site note: This PowerPoint presentation, along with a one-page pdf summary of the tactics, can be downloaded for free as a bonus after purchasing the book.
How to prevent Road Accidents, Road Safety tips, Road Safety Seminar, Road Sa...Road Safety
Steps to be taken to prevent Road Accidents, How to prevent Road Accidents, Road Accident Preventions Tips, Steps to be taken by Government to reduce road accidents. Traffic safety awareness, How to avoid accidents, How to reduce road accidents, Safety habits, Parenting, Action by Public Works, Home ministr, State governments, Union Goverment, Police etc.
american highway safety, indian road safety, taffic safety, aashto, nchrp, nhtsa, school safety, general safety, aaa traffic safety, ADTSEA, road safety foundation, road safety organisation ,national road safety, nhtsa, national safety, american highway, indian highway, auto safety, automobile safety ,parents, children, road accident prevention tips, road safety, accident control, child, helmet, india, indian government ,slide share, powerpoint .
Report Writing - Conclusions & Recommendations sectionsSherrie Lee
The document discusses conclusions and recommendations sections of reports. It explains that conclusions should logically summarize the findings and lead into recommendations. Recommendations must flow logically from conclusions, be relevant to the purpose, and feasible to implement. The document provides examples of writing conclusions and recommendations for a report on issues at a polytechnic canteen and reasons for a decline in usage. It emphasizes that recommendations should be brief, clear, and precise based on sufficient analysis.
1. The document discusses the basic structure and format of an essay, including that it consists of an introduction, body, and conclusion.
2. It explains that the introduction should invite the reader in and set the tone, while also outlining the main points to be made in the body paragraphs.
3. The body paragraphs will then provide examples and evidence to support the main points, while the conclusion wraps everything up and restates the key findings or arguments.
This document provides an overview of the academic writing process. It discusses various stages of writing such as prewriting (selecting a topic, gathering ideas), determining a thesis, knowing the audience, choosing an organizational structure, and avoiding plagiarism. It also covers different types of essays like descriptive, illustrative, research papers, and their key components. The document aims to guide writers on how to plan, structure and write various academic papers.
Writing the Rough DraftThe purpose of this assignment is three-f.docxambersalomon88660
Writing the Rough Draft
The purpose of this assignment is three-fold.
1. First, almost every piece of writing that you complete at the college level will involve arguing for a specific viewpoint. Even essays that simply are informative are trying to convince the reader of the validity of the information. This essay will allow you to demonstrate that you understand how to compose an effective piece of persuasive writing.
2. Second, you will be required to write many research papers as you complete your academic career. This essay allows you to demonstrate that you understand how to effectively cite the information you gather from completing the research assignments that led up to writing this essay.
3. Finally, this essay gives you the chance to discuss something you feel is important, either for your own information or for the general population, and you get a guaranteed audience.
General Guidelines for Writing the Essay & Tips for Putting it Together
· Write a 6-8 page essay that discusses your research topic. Begin with a catchy first sentence and interesting first paragraph that explains why you chose this topic and why someone should read about this topic. If you wrote a good story for your Research Proposal, that story can become the introduction for your research essay.
· The first paragraph or two should discuss the issue, problem, or topic that you researched. It should provide any background information that is necessary for the reader to understand the essay, and it should define any unfamiliar terms. Once you introduce the topic and provide background information, then you should state your thesis and the main reasons for your thesis. You will continually refer back to the thesis statement throughout the paper, AND everything in the paper will be connected to the thesis statement. This will help you keep your focus and go deep rather than broad into the information you gathered.
· After you have introduced your topic and stated the thesis, explain your first sub-claim (a sub-claim is a claim that supports the main idea or thesis). Remember this is an essay so you should have one main point that you are trying to communicate. You may have found out many, many things that you cannot include. What is the most important information? What's the best way to get that across to your readers?
· Each paragraph is also like a mini-essay. Each paragraph will have one main point or idea that you are developing. Then you will explain the main idea and give examples.
· Use transitions between paragraphs and ideas so that the essay flows.
· Be sure to introduce your quotes and paraphrased ideas. You might want to review the lesson from the Summary folder that discusses paraphrasing, summarizing, and quoting. Do NOT just drop a quote into your paper without an introduction and discussion.
· Be sure to use ethos, pathos, and logos to strengthen your argument and appeal to your audience. Follow this link for a discussion of the rhetorical appeals an.
Introductions and conclusions are important parts of academic papers. The introduction should hook the reader into the topic and provide context for what will be discussed. Similarly, the conclusion should wrap up the main points and arguments and bring the reader back from the topic. Effective introductions can start broadly and then focus in, while conclusions should not just restate but synthesize the key ideas and insights. It is important for both introductions and conclusions to be engaging for the reader.
Understanding and Locating the Thesis StatementBERNIE FUENTES
The document provides guidance on understanding and locating thesis statements. It defines a thesis statement as presenting the main idea or point of an essay. The document discusses various techniques for locating a thesis statement, such as reading the introduction, abstract, or conclusion. It provides examples of thesis statements and signals phrases that can introduce a purpose statement. The document also offers tips and strategies for locating the thesis statement, such as making inferences from the title. Finally, it includes examples to practice formulating thesis statements.
The document provides guidance on how to summarize a text in multiple steps: identifying the topic and purpose, carefully reading the text and dividing it into sections, writing one-two sentence summaries for each section, and organizing the sentences into a brief summary that covers the key ideas without personal views or rewriting the original. It emphasizes keeping the summary short, using one's own words, and only including important central details from the original text.
The document provides guidance on writing an effective thesis statement. It defines a thesis statement as announcing the topic and reflecting an opinion or judgment about that topic. An effective thesis statement is specific, focused on a narrow scope, and includes the writer's position. It should be presented early in the paper to provide direction. The document offers tips for crafting a clear, original thesis statement that announces the topic and the writer's non-obvious perspective in 1-2 sentences.
Lecture 3 of the Research Methods Lecture series.
See notes for this lecture, also uploaded here : http://www.slideshare.net/lenallis/research-methods-lectures-notes
This lecture series aims to cover the basics of research methods for undergraduate students. By the end of the series students should understand:
-Why research is important
-How to identify good and bad sources of information
-How read critically
-How to write clearly
-Quantitative and Qualitative research
-The basics of experimental method
The overall point should be for students to take the activity of research seriously, but also to be motivated to go and conduct research and engage critically with material.
Guidelines to help you write an article in English as a Second Language. This will help you to tackle the writing part of Cambridge and Trinity ISE, both C1 and C2 exams.
This document discusses the key elements of a strong thesis statement. It explains that a thesis should be a clear, narrow assertion that can be supported over the course of a paper. It provides examples of both strong and weak thesis statements and analyzes why some statements are more effective than others. The document also covers where a thesis should typically be placed and offers guidance on developing and refining a thesis as a paper is written.
Today we are going to talk about a type of writing that is currently considered a literary genre like poetry, drama or fiction.
Like any genre, there is a structure or format that must be followed when writing an essay. In turn, this scheme must have certain parts to be considered as such.
For More: https://myassignmenthelp.com
Planning and organisation of essays by Cristian ZarzaCristian Zarza
This document provides guidance on planning and organizing essays. It discusses developing a thesis statement, creating an outline, structuring paragraphs with a topic sentence and supporting details, and writing effective introductions and conclusions. Key steps include planning with mind maps or notecards, using various paragraph types to structure the essay body, and concluding with a summary or call to action that leaves the reader with something to consider.
This document provides guidance on writing introductions, body paragraphs, and conclusions for academic papers. It discusses using attention-grabbing techniques like stories, questions, quotes, or statistics in introductions. The introduction should also provide background on the topic and present a clear thesis statement. Body paragraphs then each discuss a different aspect of the thesis in detail. Conclusions summarize the main points and restate the thesis without introducing new information. Checklists are provided to help ensure introductions, bodies, and conclusions contain the necessary elements.
1 How to Write a Analytical Essay Writing an analyti.docxhoney725342
1
How to Write a Analytical Essay
Writing an analytical essay can seem daunting, especially if you've never done it before. Don't
worry! Take a deep breath, buy yourself a caffeinated beverage, and follow these steps to create
a well-crafted analytical essay.
What do you want to analyze?
Your analysis must have the following four sections:
Introduction
Summary
Analysis
Conclusion (optional)
Part 1: Prewriting your essay
1. Understand the objective of an analytical essay. An analytical essay means you will
need to present some type of argument, or claim, about what you are analyzing. Most
often you will have to analyze another piece of writing or a film, but you could also be
asked to analyze an issue, or an idea. To do this, you must break the topic down into parts
and provide evidence, either from the text/film or from your own research, that supports
your claim.
For example, "Stanley Kubrick's The Shining uses a repeating motif of Native American
culture and art to comment on America's history of colonizing Native Americans' lands" is an
analytical thesis. It is analyzing a particular text and setting forth an argument about it in the
form of a thesis statement.
2. Decide what to write about. If you are writing this for a class, your teacher will
generally assign you a topic (or topics) to write about. Read the prompt carefully. What is
the prompt asking you to do? However, sometimes you will have to come up with your
own topic.
If you're writing an analytical essay about a work of fiction, you could focus your
argument on what motivates a specific character or group of characters. Or, you could
argue why a certain line or paragraph is central to the work as a whole. For example:
Explore the concept of vengeance in the epic poem Beowulf.
If you're writing about a historical event, try focusing on the forces that contributed to
what happened.
If you're writing about scientific research or findings, analyze your results.
2
3. Brainstorm. You may not immediately know what your thesis statement should be, even
once you've chosen your topic. That's okay! Doing some brainstorming can help you
discover what you think about your topic. Consider it from as many angles as you can.
[2]
Look for repeated imagery, metaphors, phrases, or ideas. Things that repeat are often
important. See if you can decipher why these things are so crucial. Do they repeat in the
same way each time, or differently?
How does the text work? If you're writing a rhetorical analysis, for example, you might
analyze how the author uses logical appeals to support her argument and decide whether
you think the argument is effective. If you're analyzing a creative work, consider things
like imagery, visuals in a film, etc. If you're analyzing research, you may want to
consider the methods and results and analyze whether the experiment is a good design.
A mind map can be hel ...
The document provides guidance on writing essays and reports. It discusses analyzing essay questions, organizing paragraphs and structure, constructing introductions and conclusions, and the differences between essays and reports. Key points include understanding keywords and command words in questions, using formal academic tone and avoiding unnecessary words or first person, including topic sentences and evidence in paragraphs, and referring back to the question in conclusions. Reports are more factual and use headings, bullets and graphics while still requiring formal tone.
The document provides guidance on creating an effective thesis statement. It explains that a thesis statement is the main idea or central point of an essay and should be directly argued or supported. It then offers tips for developing a thesis statement, including answering any writing prompt directly, brainstorming ideas to discover your stance, and connecting your main points under a single sentence. An effective thesis is presented as an argument rather than a fact, is sufficiently narrow in scope but not too broad, and is focused rather than vague. The conclusion emphasizes taking a clear stance, offering a strong reason to support your opinion, and combining these elements into a single sentence without using first person.
The document provides guidance on writing introductions and conclusions for academic papers. It discusses using a "hook" to engage the reader in introductions, such as a story, question, quote, or statistic. The introduction should also briefly discuss the topic and present the thesis statement. Body paragraphs then expand on each point of the thesis. Conclusions summarize the main ideas without new information and restate the importance of the topic.
This document provides guidance on writing a definition essay. It defines what a definition essay is and explains that the goal is to clearly define a term and how it differs from related terms. It recommends choosing a term that has a complex meaning that could be interpreted differently by different people. The document outlines a three step process for an effective definition: stating the term, providing clear basic information, and using examples. It also provides tips for developing a thesis statement, pre-writing techniques like making a group list, and choosing an organizational style like comparison.
An informative essay aims to educate readers about a topic without presenting opinions. It defines terms, compares and contrasts ideas, analyzes data, or provides instructions. The document then discusses the structure and writing process of an informative essay. An informative essay contains three parts: an introduction with a thesis statement, a body with facts supporting the thesis, and a conclusion summarizing the essay. It aims to expose information to readers in an unbiased manner.
The document provides guidelines for composition writing for B1/B2/C1 level classes. It discusses the key parts of a composition, including the introduction, supporting paragraphs, and summary paragraph. It also covers pre-writing steps such as brainstorming, outlining, and organizing ideas. The document describes editing for grammar, style, and organization. Finally, it discusses different types of essays like descriptive and discursive, and provides useful phrases for essay writing.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Essay intro-devlp-concl
1. ESSAY WRITING
1. What is an essay?
• An organised collection of YOUR IDEAS about a topic.
• nicely written
• and professionally presented.
A paragraph develops only one idea. In a paragraph, topic(s) can be quite limited.
However, topics are often too complex or too broad to be developed in a single paragraph.
In this case, it is necessary to write an essay. An essay is a short piece of writing. It
discusses, describes or analyzes one central idea. It can range in length from three
paragraphs to more than twenty. It can be about anything, and be written in almost any
style. It can describe personal opinions, or just report information.
The essay must be well structured (ie organised) and presented in a way that the reader
finds easy to follow and clear: it must look tidy and not present any obstacles to the
reader. It must have a clear readable interesting style.
An essay has three main parts:
1. An introductory paragraph.
2. A body (at least one, but usually two
or three paragraphs)
3. A concluding paragraph.
The charts below show you how the parts of an essay are formed:
An Essay Outline
An essay outline is probably the most important friend you will have while writing your essay.
It is the scaffolding of your paper and the skeleton of your ideas. It is the framework by which
you will write a killer essay. And frankly, it is difficult to write one without an outline.
When you begin writing an essay outline, use the following model as a guide:
3. STRUCTURE of an ESSAY: I
Title: ____________________
I. INTRODUCTION
Introductory statements
Introduce supporting ideas (optional)
Thesis statement
II. BODY: the body is the longest part of the essay and can contain as many
paragraphs as is needed to support the controlling ideas of your
thesis statement
Paragraph 1-
Transition, topic sentence
Discussion, examples, and analysis
Conclusion (optional)
Paragraph 2-
Transition, topic sentence
Discussion, examples, and analysis
Conclusion (optional)
Paragraph 3-
Transition, topic sentence
Discussion, examples, and analysis
Conclusion (optional)
III. CONCLUSİON
Restatement or summary of the main points, final
comment, and concluding sentence
4. INTRODUCTION
PARAGRAPH
Your essay should start with an introductory
paragraph. There are actually many different ways to begin
an essay; therefore, the format of the introductory paragraph
is flexible. Often, the Introduction consists of an opening
line with a general introductory or general statement.
HOW DO YOU WRITE AN INTRODUCTION PARAGRAPH?
The introductory paragraph of any paper, long or short, should start with a sentence that
attracts the interest of your readers. In a typical essay, that first sentence leads into two or
three sentences that provide details about your subject or your process. All of these sentences
build up to your thesis statement.
SOME COMMON METHODS OF INTRODUCTION:
1. BEGİN WİTH A BROAD, GENERAL STATEMENT OF YOUR TOPİC AND NARROW İT
DOWN TO YOUR THESİS STATEMENT.
Sample A: POSITIVE AFFECTS of TELEVISIONS
These days, we are surrounded by many conveniences, for example chairs, beds,
microwaves, computers, vacuum cleaners, and televisions. And I can’t image life
without these things because when I was born these things already existed. Can you
image life without these things? I think that maybe you can’t image because we are used
to today’s living. Among these things, television has influence in many aspects of our
lives. Television can send us many things unlike a chair. Furthermore, we can sit down on
the floor instead of on the chair, but so far we don’t have a substitute for television which
has image and sound*. Television has some good effects and some bad ones.
*general introductory or general statement.
Sample B.
WHY MARRIED COUPLES DIVORCE?
The legal ending of a marriage is called divorce (general statement). There are many couples
who are divorced in the world (1st supporting detail). There are many children who are facing
many difficulties because of their parent’s divorce (2nd supporting detail). A child who lives
with one parent or only the mother will be suffered, because they will have only one parent to
help them through his or her difficulties (3rd supporting sentence). When the children’s
parents are divorced it is hard for them to live happily (4th supporting detail). They hoped that
these kinds of situation would not happen in their families (becoming more specific). Being
5. divorced is not easy on the children, but on the other hand for the parents it is good for them.
Couples are divorced because of various problems. Divorce can cause by relationship
problems(1), not having enough money(2) and child abuse(3) in many families. (Thesis
Statement)
Sample C.
HOW TO BECOME A SUCCESSFUL WRITER?
To become a successful writer, students should follow some important steps. Just attending
the class is not enough. Learning to be a successful writer involves a lot of hard work. There is
a need for a good background in grammar and vocabulary, skills in writing essays, skills in
editing, and doing the homework.
2. ASK ONE OR MORE QUESTIONS. But remember that questions
?
need answers. You may simply want the reader to think about
possible answers, or you may plan to answer the questions
yourself later in the paper.
Sample A. WHAT is LOVE?
What is love? How do we know that we are really in love? When
we meet that special person, how can we tell that our feelings
are genuine and not merely infatuation? And, if they are genuine,
will these feelings last? Love, as we all know, is difficult to define.
But most people agree that true and lasting love involves far more than mere physical
attraction. It involves mutual respect, the desire to give rather
than take, and the feeling of being totally at ease.
Sample B.
PERFECT VACATION
Do you remember the time you had a horrible vacation?
Everything went wrong. The hotel was noisy; your mother-in-law
was driving you crazy; the countryside was full of garbage. Why
does this happen so often? The answer seems to be that people fail to plan in advance to
ensure their holiday is the best possible. Perfect vacations require good companions,
different activities and beautiful natural surroundings.
3. USE A QUOTATION. A quotation can be something you have read in a
book or article. It can also be something that you have heard: a popular
saying or proverb ("Never give advice to a friend"); a current or recent
advertising slogan ("Reach out and touch someone"); a favorite
“…………”
expression used by friends or family ("My father always says . . ."). Using a quotation in your
introductory paragraph lets you add someone else's voice to your own.
Sample: TECHNOLOGY
Technology has made our lives easier in many ways, it has also created new problems for
mankind. As Quentin Reynolds said, “The scientist split the atom; now the atom is splitting
us.” But while it has created problems, we should think carefully before dismissing its many
benefits.
4. Explain the importance of your topic to the reader.
ADVERTISING
6. Advertising is a powerful and persuasive medium. It is also
an effective way of selling new products, and many people
argue that it washes our brain effectively on unnecessary
spending. Others, however, disagree. Advertising can't sell
any product; it can only help to sell a product the people
want to buy.
THESIS
STATEMENT
To write a good thesis, you must begin with a subject that is neither too broad nor too
narrow. Suppose, for example, that an instructor asks you to write a paper on some aspect of
marriage. Such a topic is obviously too broad to cover in a five-hundred word essay. You would
have to write a book to support adequately any point you might make about the general
subject of marriage. What you need to do, then, is limit your subject. Narrow it down until
you have a thesis that you can deal with specifically in four hundred to five hundred words. In
the box that follows are examples of narrowed subjects.
To understand the function of the thesis statement and the concept of generalization, examine
the diagrams which indicate how we can move from the most general to the most specific:
Most general: MARRIAGE
Possible problems in marriages
The responsibilities of married couples
Sharing in a marriage
More specific: The effects of divorce
A thesis statement should show exactly what your essay will be about, and will help you keep
your essay to a controllable topic. Examples:
Most General Most Specific Thesis
MARRIAGE Divorce In many families, divorce is caused by
personality differences, arguments over money, and treatment of
children.
FAMILY Older sister My older sister helped me overcome my shyness.
CHILDREN Disciplining of children My husband and I have several
effective ways of disciplining our children.
SPORTS Players' salaries High players' salaries are bad for the
game, for the fans, and for the values
our children are developing.
PRACTICE 1: Using the guidelines above, decide if the following phrases and sentences are
thesis statements. For each one, write "F" for fact*, "I" for an inadequate thesis statement, or
"T" for a good thesis statement. Discuss your answers with a partner.
(*fact: something that is true, true information)
1. __F_ In the past ten years, the crime rate in the United States has gone down, but the
prison population has increased.
This is a fact, not an opinion.
7. 2. __I_ Now I am going to tell you about criminals and prisons.
This thesis statement does not give an Idea, it only makes an announcement.
3. __I_ Criminals must be punished.
This thesis statement contains an idea, but it is too unfocused (and uninformative).
4. __T_ In order to understand how excessive drinking affects society, it is necessary to
analyze the effects of alcoholism, including the effects on the family, on the drinker and on
the community.
This thesis clearly shows the writer's opinion on a focused topic.
5. ____ The earthquake in Gölcük, Turkey, was one of the most destructive in Turkish history.
6. ____ Prospective parents should be required to get licenses in order to have children.
(Prospective: future, expected)
7. ____ The laws in some countries are inadequate.
8. ____ There are several benefits of being young, including being more energetic and
healthy, being hopeful for the future, and having less responsibility.
9. There are certain steps that students can register online without any difficulties.
10. ____ A long prison sentence gives criminals time to think about what they have done.
11. ____ Let me tell you about the time I was robbed in a shopping centre.
12. ____ Students should have a say in the hiring and firing of teachers.
13. ____ Some people are friendly, unhealthy, funny, strange, and beautiful.
14. ____ The land, water and air which are being polluted, and the plants and animals that are
dying.
15. ____ Some types of books ought to be banned from the library for some reasons.
16. ____ Women generally live longer than men for two main reasons: they tend to take
better care of their health, and they lead less stressful lives.
17. ____ A lot of universities do not have a football team.
18. ____ The citizens of this state should be allowed to carry guns.
19. ____ The United States ought to allow more immigrants in from this country.
20. ____ There are lots of advantages and disadvantages to living in Erbil.
PRACTICE 2:
Thesis Statements: Review the thesis statements below. If the thesis
statement is NOT correct, rewrite it. (Hint: only one of these is correct.)
1. Computers are useful tools.
Sample: Computers are useful tools to practice grammar and
compositions.
Or
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____
2. Computer use is common in schools today.
_____________________________________________________________________________
__
3. I want to talk about why computers are important in school.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____
4. Computers are stupid and shouldn't be used by students.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____
5. Facebook is popular.
__________________________________________________________________
6. Email is used in some traditional classes.
__________________________________________________________________
8. 7. How to use email is the purpose of this report.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____
8. The life of the typical college student is characterized by time spent studying, attending
class, and socializing with peers.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____
PRACTICE 3: Make the following thesis statements more specific (and more effective) by
adding topics to them.
Examples:
1.In choosing a major, a student has to consider various factors, such as ____personal
interest, job opportunities, and the quality of educational institutions.____
2.The purpose of this report is to analyze the influence of Western culture ____on Kürdish
language and literature.____
3.Technology is changing our lives in three important areas:
_______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____
4.A teacher must have the following qualities:
_________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____
PRACTICE 4: Write possible thesis statements for the following subjects, narrowing the topic
down as necessary:
1. a small family
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____
2. divorce
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____
3. television
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____
4. mobile phones
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____
5. TV shopping
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____
6. being a doctor
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____
7. technology
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____
8. tourism
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____
9. 9. learning a foreign language
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____
Sample Introduction Paragraphs
LIVING ın a FOREIGN COUNTRY
As we know, today there are about six billion people in the world. All of them live in different
countries and have special cultures. Some countries have become very sophisticated, while
others haven’t yet been developed well. For this reason, some people want to go to well-
developed foreign countries, especially to the U.S.A. People want to go to well-developed
countries to live more comfortably. They also strongly believe that if they go there, they will
earn more money. Living in a foreign country has many advantages, but it also has some
disadvantages. Therefore, before people come to a decision about going to a foreign country,
they should consider the advantages and disadvantages of living in a foreign country.
(Thesis Statement)
CAUSES of POOR HEALTH
In the 20th century most people believe that our living conditions have improved. Moreover,
technology has made our work easier, so that we have more free time to do what we want.
However, there are many problems in the world today such as crime, pollution, famine and
wars. One of the most interesting problems today is poor health. We hear about people
dying of many illnesses and diseases such as cancer and AIDS. Doctors say that we should
keep fit and eat properly to be healthy. There are several factors that lead to poor health.
The main causes that lead to poor health are stress, bad eating
habits, and lack of exercise.
(Thesis Statement)
MORE introduction SAMPLES with
Development and Conclusion
PRESSURE of BEING a UNIVERSITY STUDENT
Being a university student on campus is a really hard thing.
You will meet many difficulties in order to be successful. You will
come through hard times and hard work and maybe make
sacrifices because you want to reach your future goal. Being a
university student is stressful because of the expenses, not
having much free time, and the hard work.
The first problem for private university students is
that they spend a lot of money because the expenses are
very high. For example, they have to pay for tuition, text
books and lunches. First, one pays a $5000 tuition fee
when he or she registers. Next, he or she pays about $80
for his or her text books if he or she wants to study. Lastly,
he or she pays for their lunches, which cost $2.50 per meal. These expenses can drive a
person crazy if he or she does not have enough money to spend on these things. The
10. student will have to go out and look for a job in order to pay for his or her needs and
expenses in a private university. Looking for a job is not easy, it takes time and once he
or she finds a job, the student has more hard work and less free time.
The next problem is free time. Students do not have much free time during
school days. They are always busy with school. For example, when their friends decide
to visit, they cannot hang around with them. They have to study for their quizzes or
they’re too busy doing homework. After class, students might spend their time in the
library doing their assignments or preparing for a test. Another example is not having
time to do their chores. One difficult situation is if a woman student is married, she has
to prepare the food for the family to come and eat after work. Sometimes she can miss
one day doing her chores because if she has something to do at school, she has to
finish before going home. This can make her do her chores late or she will not do them
because when she reaches home, she is late and too tired to do her chores. All of these
chores take time and there is not enough time. She has to schedule her time for chores
and studying. It is unquestionable that life is not easy and if students want to be
successful, they have to work hard.
The last problem is for their work. For example, for assignments and class
work, students have to be responsible for doing their work and turning it in on time. If
they’re late, it can affect their grades or lower them. If one wants to succeed in
college, one has to work really hard, so students have to study during weekends or
weekdays. Success only comes to those who work hard and are determined to reach
their goals. Anyone can accomplish their dreams by working hard and with self-
determination. People who concentrate on their school and don’t fool around are
people who want to be successful in the future.
In conclusion, being a college student takes a lot of time, hard work and money. It is
not easy to be a college student, especially if one is independent. So when students are
struggling, they struggle alone and when they are stressed, they stress alone. They should try
their best to do whatever it takes to reach their goals. By the time they finish, they know that,
after all, hard work will give the advantage of having a better future.
By Love-ina Agbo
http://www.comfsm.fm/anthology/NelsonMalsow.htm
THE INCREASING DIVORCE RATE
Marriage means living together with the one whom you love and sharing everything,
including all of your responsibilities. It sounds ideal. However, there has been a remarkable
increase in divorce in recent years. This makes some people worried whether marital relations
will end in the near future. There are four main factors in the high divorce rate.
First of all, there is the higher cost of living today. This leads to some
conflicts in family life. Due to difficult living conditions, people are more aggressive
towards each other. Couples do not tolerate mistakes, even just a few.
11. In addition, women think that life will be difficult unless they have economic
independence. Being economically independent is the desire of many women.
Nowadays, there are many women working outside their homes who are independent.
They want to earn money and spend it as they wish. As a result, some women regard
divorce as the best way to gain their independence. They hope to be free and stand on
their own. Women can continue their life without depending on men after getting
divorced.
Another significant reason is the rising level of education and the increasing
number of opportunities for both men and women. Unquestionably, lifestyle parallels
levels of education. Family members do not care about each other enough because
they have other areas that they are more interested in, such as their own careers, jobs
and freedom. This causes a lack of
communication between family
members.
This is related to another obvious
reason, which is changing values. The
values of society do not remain the
same. Members of the family may not
want to take responsibility for their
traditional roles. Moreover, family ties
have weakened. The importance of the
concept of family has declined, and
many factors are influencing the changes
in the structure of families.
Consequently, we must recognise the
importance of this problem and its
causes. Politicians must work for higher
standards of living, and people must
protect their traditional values.
(386 words)
ADVANTAGES and DISADVANTAGES of LIVING in a FOREIGN COUNTRY
Today there are about six billion people in the world. All of them live in different
countries and have special cultures. Some countries have become very sophisticated,
while others haven’t yet been developed well. For this reason, some people want to go
12. to well-developed foreign countries, especially to the U.S.A. People want to go to well-
developed countries to live more comfortably. They also strongly believe that if they go
there, they will earn more money. Living in a foreign country has many advantages, but
it also has some disadvantages. Therefore, before people come to a decision about
going to a foreign country, they should consider the advantages and disadvantages of
living in a foreign country.
One of the main advantages of living in a foreign country is that people have
better economic conditions. For example, they may get a good job and a high
salary so they can buy what they want and they may live how they desire. In
addition, they may benefit from well-developed education and health systems.
Moreover, one is given the chance to learn and become fluent in another language
through everyday use. Furthermore, one can participate in lots of social activities.
Thus, people can improve their abilities. Finally, they become more independent
by having to deal with difficult situations on their own.
On the other hand, it may be difficult for people to adapt to their new
surroundings. If they live alone, they miss their families and countries. Sometimes
they may feel isolated, frustrated, and lonely. In addition, if someone can’t speak
the language yet, he or she may face communication problems. What is more,
there is racial discrimination in some countries. Foreigners aren’t easily accepted
in these places. It is possible that racist people may hurt them.
To sum up, even though living in a strange place may be hard at first, in time one can
adjust to it. In my opinion, if a person has an opportunity to go to a well-developed foreign
country, he or she should benefit from this opportunity for his or her future.
(C/4 8/ 4/ 2003)
13. DEVELOPMENT / BODY
PARAGRAPHS
What are Body Paragraphs?
• The second part of the essay is called the body. In a five-paragraph essay,
the body is made of 3 paragraphs. This is the main part of your essay.
• The body paragraphs should provide support to the introduction
paragraph and to the thesis statement. Body paragraphs fill the essay with
details and examples.
• All the paragraphs in development paragraphs should begin with a topic
sentence to support for your thesis.
• You should discuss your support, give examples, and analyze the significance of these
examples.
1. Body Paragraph One
The Body Paragraph One should open with a transitional sentence. It should lead the
reader into the first piece of evidence you use to support your thesis statement, your
argument. Body Paragraph One will deal with one theme for your argument. You may
have several pieces of evidence to support this one, which is absolutely fine. Once you
use a piece of evidence, be sure and write at least one or two sentences explaining
why you use it. Then, wrap up the Body Paragraph with a mini-concluding sentence
summing up only what you have discussed in that paragraph.
2. Body Paragraph Two
Body Paragraph Two should follow the exact same rules as Body Paragraph One. This
time, pick the second theme in support of your thesis argument and cite evidence for
it. Again, you must open this paragraph with a transitional sentence; one leading from
the previous theme to the current theme.
3. Body Paragraph Three
14. Body Paragraph Three should follow the exact same rules as Body Paragraph One and
Two. Again, you must open this paragraph with a transitional sentence; one leading
from the previous theme to the current theme.
Sample : HOW to BECOME a SUCCESSFUL WRITER
INTRODUCTION:
To become a successful writer, students should follow some important
steps. Just attending the class is not enough. Learning to be a successful
writer involves a lot of hard work. There is a need for a good background in
grammar and vocabulary, skills in writing essays, skills in editing, and doing
the homework.
DEVELOPMENT - 1
First of all, it is important that students already have sufficient knowledge
in grammar and vocabulary. During the course, they should increase their
vocabulary and improve their grammar skills even more. The more
vocabulary students know, the better and easier the writing will be.
Furthermore, it is also an advantage when grammar skills are at a good level;
it enables students to avoid comma splices, the wrong verb tenses or forms,
lack of punctuation and transition words. This helps to get a better final
grade. One additional way to avoid mistakes is to follow the teacher's
instructions - especially when doing the homework. There may not be
enough time in class to go into all the details and to practice all the topics
sufficiently. Without practice and revision of the topics taught in class, there
will probably be less improvement of vocabulary and grammar skills.
(Your next two body paragraphs should follow the same format as your first body
paragraph. They should each have a separate topic sentence and supporting ideas, but the
three paragraphs should work together to prove your thesis. If you are writing a longer
paper, you will have more than three body paragraphs, but they should all follow this
format.)
DEVELOPMENT - 2
The next step to becoming a successful writer is the ability to write essays.
What has to be considered? It is not just writing a nice story. There are
certain rules that have to be obeyed. Students should know that an essay
consists of three main parts: the introduction, the body, and the conclusion.
The introduction needs to have a thesis statement, one or more hooks, so it
can help the reader to understand what the main point is. The body can have
several paragraphs, but each paragraph needs to have one topic sentence, at
least 5-8 supporting sentences and a concluding sentence. The body
provides details to support the thesis statement. Then, the conclusion can be
a result, a recommendation or a prediction. When all these steps are
completed, the writer still has another job.
DEVELOPMENT - 3
After writing an essay, students should also be able to edit their papers.
Many mistakes can be avoided if students look over their papers carefully
after finishing the writing. This should be done step by step by looking at the
following: 1. sentence boundaries, 2. verb tenses and verb forms, 3. nouns,
articles, and numbers, 4. word choices, word forms, and spelling, 5. one's
own particular weakness such as prepositions in the case of the writer.
15. Editing can be improved by doing homework. This is a good way to reduce
mistakes on the final exam.
CONCLUSION
As has been discussed above, writing is a very difficult process-especially for
nonnative speakers. A writer must worry about many things. One must pay
attention to grammar and vocabulary. A writer should also pay attention to
the process of writing and editing his or her final draft. In conclusion, if the
above instructions were to be followed, there would be no doubt that you
would become a successful writer.
Sample 2:
INFLUENCE of MOVIES
Outline Essay
Technology has helped us in the 20th century make a
Introduction lot of our work easier. It makes our lives more
1. Introduce general topic comfortable and more enjoyable. Many people
2. Narrow down topic watch TV and they often go to the movies in order to
3. Restate question have an enjoyable life. Therefore, movies have
4. State thesis become a huge part of our lives; most of us enjoy
watching all kinds of movies. Whether we realize it
or not, almost all movies affect us. The influence of
movies can be classified into two parts.
Body: developmental paragraph 1 The most important influence of watching a movie is
(Types of programs) that it destroys people’s psychology. It is not only
1. 1.Topic sentence (topic and controlling idea) destroys people’s psychology but also destroys our
2. 2. Supporting ideas imaginations. For example, when you watch a horror
3. Details movie, your psychology is affected by this movie
badly. Mostly, you may want to be a monster or a
murderer. Another example would be science fiction
movies. As we know, science fiction movies are full
of imagination. When people watch this kind of
movie, they think whatever they watched could
happen in real life. As a result, it destroys people’s
imaginations because of unlimited ideas.
Body: developmental paragraph 2 The final influence of watching movies is that it
(Character of content) changes people’s life views and lifestyles. In almost
1. 1. Topic sentence (topic and controlling idea) every American movie, you can see a beautiful house
2. 2. Supporting ideas which has a garden or it is built on the seashore.
3. 3. Details Moreover, in most American movies, you watch
people eat simple food. They do not have any food
culture. For that reason, it causes people’s eating
habits to change. What is more, people use movies
in order to change history. They easily change an
event which occurred in the past in the direction of
their ideas. For that reason most countries’ histories
are destroyed or misinformed by movies.
16. Conclusion
1. 1. Restate thesis As a result, movies affect our psychology
2. 2. Restate each topic sentence from and it may cause us to change our life views and
3. developmental lifestyles. It is clear that movies are a huge part of
4. paragraphs our lives. In my opinion, people should watch
5. 3. State your opinion/ preference; give solution; movies, but they should never forget that they are
6. make prediction... just human productions. Finally, people should try to
7. 4. Final statement infer logical ideas from movies.
CONCLUSION
In this paragraph the writer should briefly restate what they have written in the four or three
previous paragraphs.
The form of your conclusion, like your introduction, is flexible.
Shortly, when you write a concluding paragraph:
1. Restate the thesis statement –conclude your essay by writing mini-thesis
2. Restate the topic sentences from the developmental paragraphs.
3. State your opinion or preference, make a prediction/result/ or give a solution.
4. Conclude with a statement that sums up the essay.
Try to see the similarity between introduction and conclusion in these examples
1. PRESSURE OF BEING A COLLEGE STUDENT
Sample 1: PRESSURE of BEING a PRIVATE STUDENT
INTRODUCTION:
Being a university student is really a hard thing. You will come across many difficulties in
order to be a successful person. You will come through hard times and hard work and
maybe make sacrifices because you will want to reach his or her goal in the future. Being a
university student is stressful because of the expenses, the hard work, and not much free
time.
17. Restate/ rewrite thesis statement
CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, being a university student it takes a lot of time, hard work and they spend a
lot of money. When you are struggling, you spend great effort alone and when you are
worried, you stress alone. You have to try your best to do whatever it takes to reach your
goal. By the time you finish, you know after all these hard work will give you a better future.
LIVING in an APARTMENT
When a person decides to enter a university away from home, she must also consider
living accommodations. Although most universities offer student dormitories, students
frequently choose to live
in an apartment. While
there are many
advantages to apartment
living, there are also
many disadvantages.
Before a student decides
to live in an apartment,
she should review all the
advantages and
disadvantages of living in
an apartment.
Living in an apartment has many advantages. First, students can choose to live in a
quiet neighborhood. A quiet neighborhood is beneficial to studying. Away from the
distractions of campus life, students can be more serious about their studies. Second,
apartment life allows students to be more independent. For example, they can cook whatever
they want to eat and have their meals whenever they want them. Third, students can often
find apartments that are cheaper than the fee for room and board in a dormitory.
However, living in an apartment also has some disadvantages. Being away from
campus life can make students feel isolated. Another disadvantage is that apartments close to
campus are usually expensive, and those farther away are not within walking distance.
Therefore, transportation must be considered. Finally, students who live in apartments must
18. cook their own meals, shop for food, do the laundry and clean their entire apartment - not just
their own rooms.
Even though there are many advantages to
Notice that this conclusion restates
the topic and gives a personal apartment living, I prefer to live in the university
preference. The writer lists the
dormitory for the following reasons. First, I will be new at
reasons for the preference and
concludes with a summary statement. the university and meeting people will be easier in a
dormitory setting. Second, I won't have to worry about
purchasing and cooking food or cleaning up afterwards. Consequently, I will have more time
for my studies. Finally, I will be within walking distance of my classes and the university library.
In conclusion, living on campus is more advantageous for me than living in an apartment.
ANALYZING ESSAYS
What is the editing stage?
The editing stage is when you check your essay for mistakes and correct them.
Read the following checklist. You will not have time to rewrite your essay during the test.
Therefore, keep this list in mind as you write your outline and essay.
1. Is there AN INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH?
2. Does the introductory paragraph RESTATE THE QUESTION?
3. Does the introductory paragraph have a THESIS STATEMENT (a controlling idea)?
4. Does each paragraph have a clear TOPIC SENTENCE?
5. Do the topic sentences of the developmental paragraphs SUPPORT THE THESIS STATEMENT?
6. Do the ideas in each developmental paragraph support the topic sentence of the
paragraph?
7. Are the DETAILS (examples, facts, descriptions, personal experiences) clear?
8. Is there a CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH?
9. Does the concluding paragraph give (A) an opinion, preference, prediction, or solution
and (B) reasons?
10. Does the essay end with a CONCLUDING STATEMENT?
11. Does the essay ANSWER ALL PARTS OF THE QUESTION?
12. Is your essay interesting?
Grammar and Spelling
13. Check your spelling.
14. Check your grammar.
15. Read your essay again.
16. Make sure each sentence has a subject.
17. Make sure your subjects and verbs agree with each other.
18. Check the verb tenses of each sentence.
19. Make sure that each sentence makes sense.
Style and Organization
19. 20. Make sure your essay has an introduction, supporting paragraphs, and a summary
paragraph.
21. Check that you have a thesis statement that identifies the main idea of the essay.
22. Check that all your paragraphs follow the proper paragraph format.
Summary
Introduction Paragraph
What is an introduction paragraph?
The introduction paragraph is the first paragraph of your essay.
What does it do?
It introduces the main idea of your essay. A good opening paragraph captures the
interest of your reader and tells why your topic is important.
How do I write one?
1. Write the thesis statement. The main idea of the essay is stated in a single sentence
called the thesis statement. You must limit your entire essay to the topic you have introduced
in your thesis statement.
2. Provide some background information about your topic. You can use interesting
facts, quotations, or definitions of important terms you will use later in the essay.
Example:
Hockey has been a part of life in Canada for over 120 years. It has evolved into an
extremely popular sport watched and played by millions of Canadians. The game has gone
through several changes since hockey was first played in Canada.
Development Paragraphs
What are development paragraphs?
Development paragraphs make up the main body of your essay.
What do they do?
They develop the main idea of your essay.
How do I write them?
20. 1. List the points that develop the main idea of your essay.
2. Place each supporting point in its own paragraph.
3. Develop each supporting point with facts, details, and examples.
To connect your development paragraphs, you should use special transition words. link
your paragraphs together and make your essay easier to read. Use them at the
beginning and end of your paragraphs.
Conclusion Paragraph
What is a conclusion paragraph?
The summary paragraph comes at the end of your essay after you have finished
developing your ideas. The summary paragraph is often called a "conclusion."
What does it do?
It summarizes or restates the main idea of the essay. You want to leave the reader with a
sense that your essay is complete.
How do I write one?
1. Restate the strongest points of your essay that support your main idea.
2. Conclude your essay by restating the main idea in different words.
3. Give your personal opinion or suggest a plan for action.
Example:
Overall, the changes that occurred in hockey have helped to improve the game. Hockey is
faster and more exciting as a result of changes in the past 120 years. For these reasons,
modern hockey is a better game than hockey in the 1890s.
WRITING SUCCESSFULLY
WRITING is a very difficult process-especially for non-native speakers. When students start
writing, they worry about many things. Maybe they are right. Sometimes, it is not easy to
write a well designed essay. Some can take an hour to write a masterwork, while others
slave over a well-designed essay for five hours. There are just a few steps to take and you
will find yourself complete with essay in hand and time in the future.
• Here is some advice about writing successfully:
• While writing, one must pay attention to grammar and vocabulary.
• Make sure you accurately understand what it is asking. People often write an essay
that has nothing to do with the topic.
• Go to the library, internet, read some books, look over your notes.
• The thesis statement is the foundation of your essay. Write that one sentence that
argues the point, the debate, and the root of your essay.
21. • Just write. It does not have to be a masterpiece as you write that first draft. Just get
something on paper that you can eventually mold into a final product.
• Edit the paper to make sure you are staying on target, following your thesis, and have
enough supporting evidence to prove your thesis.
Prewriting Essays
Six Prewriting Steps:
1. Think carefully about what you are going to write. Ask yourself: What question am I going to
answer in this paragraph or essay? How can I best answer this question? What is the most
important part of my answer? How can I make an introductory sentence (or thesis statement)
from the most important part of my answer? What facts or ideas can I use to support my
introductory sentence? How can I make this paragraph or essay interesting? Do I need more
facts on this topic? Where can I find more facts on this topic?
2. Open your notebook. Write out your answers to the above questions. You do not need to
spend a lot of time doing this; just write enough to help you remember why and how you are
going to write your paragraph or essay.
3. Collect facts related to your paragraph or essay topic. Look for and write down facts that
will help you to answer your question. Timesaving hint: make sure the facts you are writing are
related to the exact question you are going to answer in your paragraph or essay.
4. Write down your own ideas. Ask yourself: What else do I want to say about this topic? Why
should people be interested in this topic? Why is this topic important?
5. Find the main idea of your paragraph or essay. Choose the most important point you are
going to present. If you cannot decide which point is the most important, just choose one
point and stick to it throughout your paragraph or essay.
6. Organize your facts and ideas in a way that develops your main idea. Once you have chosen
the most important point of your paragraph or essay, you must find the best way to tell your
reader about it. Look at the facts you have written. Look at your own ideas on the topic.
Decide which facts and ideas will best support the main idea of your essay. Once you have
chosen the facts and ideas you plan to use, ask yourself which order to put them in the essay.
Write down your own note set that you can use to guide yourself as you write your essay.
22. MORE ESSAY SAMPLES
TYPES of FAMILIES
Families have been on earth since the beginning of time. According
to my ad, family is the most important unit in society. A family includes
“all the descendants of a common ancestor, a house, or a lineage. Generally we can classify
families into three categories according to their way of living and their finances: wealthy
families, average families, and poor families.
A wealthy family is a family that can afford their needs and wants without any struggle. A
wealthy family usually went through a lot of things before they become wealthy. They are the
well-educated people, businessmen, and leaders in the government. These people value their
education and they are the ones that have Masters and Ph.D. degrees. These people also know
how to budget their money wisely. They spend their money wisely. They spend their money on
things that will benefit the whole family. I have an uncle who is a cabinet member. He bought
his son a car, built him a house, and the son owns a lot of things. Even the wife got her own
car. They are happy most of the time because they have everything that they need. This is
because of their wealth.
An average family is a family that can afford their needs but
struggles with their wants. They are the teachers, office workers or
white collar workers. Their level of education is from high school and
BA degrees. They finish their college educations and receive jobs
that are equal with their level of education. An average family
usually manages their money but they spend it quickly. A good
example of an average family is my family. We always spend our
money on things that we like at that moment, but we always regret it
because we could have used it on things that are more necessary to
the family. They are only happy when they have big amount of money in the family.
A poor family is a family that struggles with their needs. They don’t even think about their
wants because they cannot afford it. They are the farmers, construction workers or blue collar
workers. They are also the people who are walking on the road, doing nothing to support their
family. They are the ones who finish only elementary education. These people don’t budget
their money because they need all the money they make. They also spend their money on
23. things that cannot benefit the whole family. They are selfish people who think about
themselves only. An example of this family lives in my village. The parents of this family really
like bingo. They go to bingo every night. The oldest son has the role of taking care of the
family. The boy is only nine years old and every night he takes care of his younger siblings.
Every night the children cry and the neighbors go the house and help them. The couple always
attends bingo even if they have only a dollar. The children really suffer from their actions.
They are not happy because most of the time they are starving.
In conclusion, families are very important and they form our society. If families are good,
then society will be good. We need a society that can work together and make our country a
better place to live. In general, there are many types of families but categorizing them into
wealthy, average, and poor family can help us differentiate a good family from a bad family.
STUDYING ABROAD
I've been in America studying English since this April. It's certainly the most significant
event in my life. I came to study at university in America because the Japanese university I
went to was disappointing and did not give me any benefits. It was also boring. Most Japanese
university students study hard before entering a university, but at the university they hardly
study. Instead of studying, they spend a lot of time playing and drinking. Therefore, there are
some advantages why I came to America.
The first advantage of studying at an American university is to get global ideas. If I live
only in Japan, my sight will be limited. To communicate with Americans or many foreigners will
be very helpful for me to get global ideas. I’ve already experienced many things in America. At
school, I can talk with many foreign students, and I learned different ways of thinking and
differences of culture. Now I live in an apartment with a French student named Alex. I am
living comfortably and I can learn many things from him. For example, sometimes he cooks
French food for me, and teaches me the French language. He can speak Japanese a little, and
sometimes I teach him Japanese. Learning a foreign language is also learning a foreign culture,
so learning each language is good for us. And now, we have a good relationship. Also, to
experience many things in America will be good for me.
Another benefit of studying in America is that I have a chance to visit many different
places. During the three months since I've arrived, on weekends I went to many places and
events such as Los Angeles, baseball games, the beach, fireworks and so on. I’ve been to
baseball games, the beach and fireworks in Japan, but it is somehow different. Especially the
atmosphere of the baseball game was very different. The audience was very enthused, and
they cheered hard, so I felt unification. It was very fun.
24. As a result, I’m studying English to achieve my goals. My goals are to speak English
well and graduate from a university in America. Also I want to get global ideas. Studying
English is hard and I’m exhausted, but every day I gain significant and valuable experiences.
A Useful Link: http://buckhoff.topcities.com/for_university_students.htm
WHY SHOULD PEOPLE EXERCISE
In the past, I have never been inclined to participate in sports. Frankly, I didn’t like it,
but many people whom I lived with kept telling me every day how good sports were. Since the
peer pressure was growing, I decided to go to the gym. After that I could really understand
people when they said exercise really helps a person get organized and keeps you healthy,
both physically and mentally.
To begin with, when you are a lazy person, it is difficult to take the first step, but it is
all a matter of committing yourself to something that will provide you a lot of positive
feedback. Once you start doing exercise and observing positive results, you actually enjoy it. It
takes a lot of effort and strong will, but it's worth it. The principal thing to do is to participate
in an activity you like. If you do, you’ll start organizing your day in a way that enables you to do
everything you have to, including exercising. As a result of this, you will no longer be a
stressed-out person without time to do all your activities.
Second, it is obvious that once you exercise you will be in better condition. You will be
physically healthier. It is probable that you will lose weight and your muscles will get stronger
and stronger. When your body feels well and full of energy, it will respond immediately to any
action you want to do. Furthermore, any activity will be done in high spirits.
The third reason why exercising is good is that it affects you positively in a
psychological way. Doing exercise helps you set specific goals which, along with a strong will,
can be achieved. When you do that, you are aware of your abilities, you accept your
25. weaknesses, and your self-esteem goes up. Any sport distracts you because it helps you to not
think about school, friends, problems, and other things. Thus, it brings you time to think about
yourself and no one else. It also helps you keep your mind busy and avoid dangerous habits.
As a result of my experiences, I can say that doing exercise is very important to any
person of any age. The positive effects of exercising, which I’ve already mentioned, are like a
chain. Once you do a sports activity that you like, you get organized; therefore, you start doing
things the right way and get enormous benefits which make you feel good as a whole human
being. You start living your life happily.
Maru Mercado Advanced English Erlyn Baack
incline: to have tendency, lean
distract: take your attention away from something
USEFUL PHRASES
INTRODUCTION:
a) Examine the statement and define what it means.
Let's examine what .... means.
It is generally believed that...
Most people think that...
At first sight this statement seems to be true.
b) Say how you are going to deal with the problem.
The first thing that comes to my mind is...
In the first place I'd like to say that...
First of all, let's get the facts straight.
Let's begin with the fact that...
Let me make quite clear from the start that...
The first question we have to answer is if / wh....
First, we must define what we mean by...
DEVELOPMENT:
a) Decide what your point of view is going to be.
I'm of the opinion that...
b) First look at the opposite point of view.
It might be argued that...
One could well say that...
It is often generally accepted that...
There is some evidence to suggest that...
On the one hand .. but on the other hand ...
c) Then develop your own argument in a logical way.
Nevertheless...
However...
It is only partly true that...
Although...
Every argument has two sides.
Take for example...
26. There seems to be a contradiction here.
Let us now return to...
d) Each paragraph you write or say must add something new to your
argument.
This brings me to the next point.
A further point to consider is...
We have to admit that...
It is important to realize that...
In addition to this point I want to stress that...
Moreover...
There can be no doubt that...
Everybody knows that this is so.
CONCLUSION:
a) State the conclusion which follows from your arguments.
It is for this reason that I believe that...
The simple truth is that...
It is only fair to say that...
b) Suggest a solution but point out that it is only one of a number of
alternatives.
My own view of the matter is...
So all in all I believe that...
LINKING WORDS and USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
Transition words and phrases are vital to the success of any essay. They are the bread and
butter of writing. They are the glue that holds all essays together. Think of bricks building a
house without mortar. Transitions hold the same importance. We need these words and
phrases to join sentences and thoughts together in a coherent fashion.
Here are a few tips on how and when to use transition words and phrases:
• Always use a transition phrase at the beginning of a new body paragraph
• Always use a transition word in between thoughts within a paragraph
• Never use a transition word to begin an essay
• Never use a transition word to begin a paragraph (but you can sometimes use a transition
phrase at the start of a new body paragraph)
EXAMPLES
after all as an illustration
especially for example
for instance in other words
in particular in short
it is true like
namely of course
specifically such as
that is thus
to illustrate truly
LISTING / ADDITIONAL
afterward besides in addition to this / that
again eventually in the first place
also finally in the past
and first last
and then further lately
apart from this / that furthermore meanwhile
before in addition moreover
27. next secondly thirdly
shortly to start/begin with
not to mention the fact since too
that so far what is more
second soon
CONTRASTING POINTS
although despite that in spite of regardless
and yet even so instead still
at the same time even though nevertheless though
but at the same for all that on the contrary while
time however on the other yet
despite in contrast hand
in spite of otherwise
CONCLUDING / SUMMARY
all in all
all things considered
as has been said
as was previously stated
finally
in brief
in conclusion
in other words,
in particular
in short
in summary
on the whole
taking everything into
account
that is
therefore
to put it differently
to sum up
to summarize