Essay English Spm. Spm 2015 English Paper 1 Sample Answer

Essay English Spm
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Essay English Spm Essay English Spm

Isotope Anomalies Across The Frasnian Famennian
Extinction...
Isotope anomalies across the Frasnian Famennian extinction boundary:
Implications for resolving Late Devonian mysteries
Abstract
The cause of the Late Devonian mass extinction near the Frasnian Famennian
boundary remains uncertain. Anomalies of stable isotope values have been observed
at the Frasnian Famennian boundary commonly, indicating the abrupt changes of
environments during the crisis. These changes include marine anoxia possibly
triggered by land plant evolutions, global cooling, and global warming probably
induced by multiple bolide impacts. In this study, the variations of isotope
compositions are summarized to investigate the possible major causes of F F mass
extinction.
Introduction
The transition from the Frasnian to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Verzer and others (1998) complied 87Sr/86Sr values during the Devonian. They
found that the values increased from the end of Middle Devonian to Famennian, and
a spike of 87Sr/86Sr occurred around the Frasnian Famennian boundary (Figure 1).
Heavy strontium isotope (87Sr) commonly occurs in continental rocks (Hurley,
1968). Thus, maximum values at the boundary indicate higher intensity of continental
weathering and enhanced delivery of terrestrial influx into marine.
Increased terrestrial influx could have served as nutrients for algae and plankton and
stimulated high bioproductivity at surface water. The oxygen in surface water would
have been over consumed by respiration and decaying of marine organisms, which
was thought to trigger marine anoxia (Algeo et al., 1995). In this process, lighter
isotope of carbon was preferentially taken up by aquatic organisms and therefore
removed from the system, producing heavy carbon anomalies (Wang et al., 1996).
Consequently, positive excursions in Оґ13C values were observed across the F F
boundary (Figure 2). In addition, higher bioproductivity would bring about elevated
burial rate of organic carbon (Wang et al., 1996; Chen et al., 2002)
As reported by Wang and others (1996), the positive Оґ13C excursions coincide with
positive shifts of Оґ34S around the F F boundary (Figure 2), providing direct
evidence for

My Mother s Three-Month-Old Orangutan
On the Malaysian island of Sumatra, a veterinary paramedic enters a rescue center
with a small bundle in his arms. Swaddled in bloodstained cloth is a three month old
orangutan, whose left arm ends not at the tips of her fingers, but at a mangled stub
that was once recognizable as her wrist. The infant was maimed on an oil palm
plantation, where she and her mother were attacked by cultivators whose crops are
threatened by scavenging animals. The young orangutanВґs natural reaction to danger
was to cling tightly to her motherВґs back, even after her mother was mortally
wounded. In order to pry her off, the humans amputated her left hand. Her hardships
earn her the name Kesi at the rescue center, a Swahili name meaning ВЁchild born in
difficult

The Giver Tone
What would happen if you could not make your own choices? In Lois Lowry s The
Giver, the community does not get the choice of how they live. Jonas was one of the
only different people in the community and he worked with the Giver to receive the
community s memories. After learning about all the memories kept from the people
in the community, Jonas decides to release his knowledge so everyone can know the
truth. The truth changed the way people thoughtand help them realize what they were
doing when they did not know the truth. The theme of this book is that it is important
to be able to make your own choices and create your own memories. This is shown
through tone, characterization, and the plot.
First, The Giver is shown through tone because of the way they talk to each other.
The tone of the way they talk to each other is very serious. For example Jonas s
mom says precision of language, when Jonas s mom says that it makes the book
more serious and shows that they do not get the choice of what they say. The
memories that Jonas were receiving changed the way Jonas saw the world. After
Jonas saw color he want to be able to make more choices in his life, even if it was
just the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Jonas was very brave and took risked to make sure everyone had a choice. When
Jonas agreed to release the memories he showed that he was scared, I ll do it. I
think I can do it. I ll try, anyway. But I want you to come with me. Other characters
followed the rules and did not do anything that they chose to do. For example,
Jonas s dad always did what he was told even if it did not help him or his family.
Jonas s father was the nurturer that released people in the community. When Jonas
first found out what being released meant and watched his father release a baby he
thought he killed it. My father killed it. That is how The Giver is shown in

Aesop And Its History Analysis
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AESOP and its History
PRODUCTS
PACKAGING
SUSTAINABLITY PRACTICES
AESOP S CUSTOMERS
PRICING STRATEGY
PROMOTION
DISTRIBUTORS
COMPETITORS
RECOMMENDATIONS
CONCLUSION
REFRENCES
Appendix
AESOP AND ITS HISTORY
Aesop was established in Melbourne in 1987 with a quest to create a range of
superlative products for the skin, hair and body. The company is committed to using
both plant based and laboratory made ingredients of the highest quality and proven
efficacy particularly those with the greatest anti oxidant properties.
The company was started by a hairdresser Dennis Paphitis who used to work in a
salon. Product wise he started adding essential oils to the commercial hair color, as
the smell of ammonia is quiet overwhelming his clients responded well to these less
aggressive aromas. He then took this up as a passion and started understanding these
ingredients and started working with a chemist on a small range of hair products.
Eventually the hair product extended to a hand and body product category and finally
skin care.
Dennis felt this was an opportunity that was approaching his way. Finally in 1996 he
quit the salon and began his extensive research and development in the field of
cosmetics. He felt that the marketing of his product was limited just to the salon.
The next few years he along with the chemist intensely spent time setting up a
foundation for a product line and development. All this was done

Philosophy 108 (Death and Dying)
Transcending Death
Introduction
The anthropology of death is a fascinating field of study which depicts the
conceptualization of death, the modes of death, and from various funerary rites
/rituals that a Western society might even find repulsive or enchanting. Why is it that
the most appealing form of media among kids is about superheroes overcoming
adversity or death, and then the hero comes in to save the day? The answer is quite
simple, because humans find death interesting. Is it due to the fact that no one lives
forever? Humans know this fact of life but they still wish for this goal of cheating
death. A common occurrence is through funeral and mortuary rites where there is the
belief in a future life and in the survival of the ... Show more content on
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One important note that can be positively taken from this context is that through
these tales of death and rebirth helps humans in understanding more about the
concept of death. Cross cultural studies with death has highlighted that the majority
of each culture believes that biological death is not the end of one s existence.
Folktales and myths are an important aspect of one s culture, because it is through
this interpretations have helped in solidifying their belief of transcending death or
the thought of rebirth or reincarnation. The Northern Cheyenne believe that the
physical death does not equate to spiritual death. The foundation for this belief is
due in part to the Cheyenne s The Journey of Life. This signifies the notion of
rebirth through this cycle of life wherein one can choose to be resurrected or stay in
the spiritual plane (Straus 73). In addition, Duncan notes that a suggestion that death
is only a dissolution of the individual back into the collective soul from which they
came, from which they ll re emerge in a new form (Duncan 1). Another support to
Duncan s statement is the Cheyenne way that death is defined as transformation, not
termination of selfhood (Straus 76). It is then possible to transcend death because
death is a process / journey; and according to Duncan and Strauss that if death is a
process then it opens the avenue of reversing or averting death.

Rite Mason Symbolism
It is obvious to any York Rite Mason that the degrees conferred by the organizations
composing the system are replete with layered symbolism. Not only does each
degree build on one another within each body, but each body builds on the one that
came previous. Through this compounding method, the symbolism of the York Rite
builds to a crescendo in the Order of the Temple. However, that peak would not be
possible without a solid base, which is found in the Royal Arch Chapter. In analyzing
the tracing board provided, I broke down my thoughts into three distinct categories
the room, the furniture, and the banners. Starting with the room, I start with what
appears to be the entrance to the room, seven stairs. As a Pennsylvania Mason, these
stairs have little meaning in our symbolic Lodges, as it s not a motif that is used.
However, I do understand that many other jurisdictions use them to denominate the
several liberal arts and sciences. They have also been known to allude to the number
of years it took to construct the Temple, the Sabbatical years, and the planets. It was
interesting to note that the stairs here are portrayed as straight, as opposed to
winding, leading me to believe that it implies a straight... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The square and compass represent the Mark Degree, with its focus on construction
and the completion of the Temple. The Bible represents the Most Excellent,
calling to memory the importance of a devotion to God and his worship. The
sword and trowel presumably relate to the Virtual Past Master Degree, but as a
Pennsylvania Royal Arch Mason, I have no direct ties to their symbolism in light
of the degree. Finally we come to the spade, pick, and crow and scroll, the working
tools of a Royal Arch Mason. The symbolism of each of these tools is explored in
depth during the degree, with the scroll alluding to the finding of the lost word, long
buried and

Circumcision After Birth Care
Circumcision, Infant, Care After
These instructions give you information about caring for yourself after your
procedure. Your doctor may also give you more specific instructions. Call your
doctor if you have any problems or questions after your procedure.
HOME CARE
Give your baby over the counter and prescription medicines only as told by your
baby s doctor.
Follow instructions from your baby s doctor about how to take care of your baby s
penis. Make sure you:
в—‹ Wash your hands with soap and water before you change your baby s dressing.
If you cannot use soap and water, use hand sanitizer.
в—‹ Remove the dressing at every diaper change, or as often as told by your baby s
doctor. Make sure to change your baby s diaper often. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Ask your baby s health care provider if you should use a mild soap. Do not pull back
on the skin of the penis when you clean it.
в—‹ Apply ointment to the tip of the penis. Use petroleum jelly or the type of
ointment that your doctor recommends.
в—‹ Cover the penis gently with a clean gauze dressing, as told by your baby s doctor.
If your baby does not have dressing on his penis:
в—‹ Clean your baby s penis each time you change his diaper. Do not pull back on
the skin of the penis.
в—‹ Apply ointment to the tip of the penis. Use petroleum jelly or the type of
ointment that your doctor recommends.
If your baby was circumcised using a plastic bell shaped device, the plastic ring will
fall off in 10вЂ’12 days.
в—‹ Let the ring fall off by itself. Do not pull the ring off.
Check your baby s penis every time you change his diaper. Check for:
в—‹ More redness or swelling.
в—‹ More blood after your baby has already stopped bleeding.
в—‹ Draining of cloudy

The s Discipline And Punish
In Focult s Discipline and Punish (1977), he stated that laws were made for the
rich to serve their needs. Its applicability and the way it s administered and enforced
caters to the rich and not the poor (Foucault, 1995). When crimes are committed by
the rich, they have an arsenal of attorneys who are able to keep them from jail in
addition to keeping the information away from the media. The poor do not have the
luxury of retaining adequate representation. Inequalities do not end with once a guilty
verdict is delivered. They continue on through the penalty phase as lower class
citizens are processed through the penal system. The incarceration rates of those in
the lower socioeconomic class have increased significantly over... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
These inequalities are not a recent phenomenon; Edwin Sutherland (1947) in
Principles of Criminology presented an argument on how crime rates are low in
egalitarian societies and high in inequitable societies due to lower socioeconomic
groups propensity to have high rates in offending. There have been numerous studies
conducted since Sutherland s book. The results of studies conducted vary with some
failing to show a consensus between economic class and crime, and with others
showing a direct link between the two (Sutherland, 1947). In Poverty, Income
Inequality, and Crime authors Hsieh and Pugh conducted a meta analysis of over 30
aggregate data studies. The studies reported variables such as crime, poverty and
income inequality. The results of their study showed that poverty and income
inequality had a bearing on crime (Hsieh Pugh, 1993). Although the few studies
mentioned in this paper are not representational of all studies ever conducted on
crime causation, many do share commonalities. The most significant is the rich and
powerful are given considerable latitude when it comes to laws and the criminal
justice system.
Future Research Future research on social class, inequality and crime is needed in
order to build upon what s already known about crime causation. With the passage of
time, some variables will remain constant while others will fluctuate. Regardless of
the

Should Children Follow Corporal Punishment As A Means
Of...
Physical punishment has been around for decades. However, many falsely believe
that the use of this parenting style has slowly faded away. Unfortunately, it has
become more common and ranges from minor to severe depending on the parent.
This method of correction has been passed down through generations and the history
of it is a major contribution to the problem. Just because it happens does not mean it
is acceptable. The desired results are rarely achieved and the children are negatively
impacted for the rest of their lives. Corporal punishmentneeds to be eliminated as a
means of behavior modification due to its ineffectiveness and cruelty. In relation to
the variations of physical punishment, this aspect is one that makes it so... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Smith, physical discipline among children was proven to cause
aggression, damage to social relationships, poorer academic achievement, weak
parent child relationships, and development of internal problems such as anxiety or
depression (n.d., para 1.). The negative long term effects that physical punishment
produces are not worth the short period of time that a child complies. If more parents
were informed on the damages that follow corporal punishment, this means of
guidance and instruction could possibly decrease ensuring a higher quality of life for
children in the future. With this in mind, a child who withstands physical punishment
has a likelihood of growing up to be emotionally unstable. Undergoing this type of
treatment reaches the child to the core and begins to deteriorate their ability to
function as an independent member of society. Physical punishment that is
considered child abuse can lead to low self esteem, brain damage, attention disorders
and substance abuse, states the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
(Case, 2014, para.5). Whether the inflictions are severe enough to cross the line of
abuse or not, any form of this misconduct must be eliminated to spare the child of
obstacles they will face in the future due to the emotional deficiency. Cognitively
speaking, children who experience physical punishment have a reduced ability to
expand

Changes In The Ottoman Empire
There have been a series of reforms within the Ottoman Empire initiated with the first
decree Hatt i Sharif of Gulhane in 1839. This has the beginning of the Tanzimat Era.
The reforms have been influenced by European ideas. Changing the Ottoman
theocratic government into a modern state. With the implement of freeing imprisoned
non Muslims and easing up the tensions of the conquered subjects of the Ottoman
Empireto prevent nationalistic uprisings, such as with the Greeks in 1821. The
Ottoman government has become more secular state for the non muslims
communities. This degree eliminated taxations of farming into a regular system of
assessing taxes, guaranteeing property to the subjects, reforming their military
structure to be more western

Nazi Ideas In Adolf Hitler s Necessary Evil
Hitler had the ideas to commit horrible things, but how did he convince the public to
help him do those things? We need to understand this to prevent things like it from
happening again. Hitler gained the power of dictator, brainwashed the public with
speeches, and Gave away copies of Mein Kampf to further brainwash the public.
Hitler persuaded and made loyal to him most of the people in Germany.
Hitler was arrested for treason in 1923 because during the Beer Hall Putsch a
group of Nazis and he tried to overthrow the government (How Was). People treated
him like a hero, so while he spent nine months in jail his friend Rudolph Hess and
he wrote Mein Kampf, which explained Nazi ideas (Mein Kampf). Hitler later ran
for president in 1932 and

Metaframeworks Perspective Analysis
The metaframeworks perspective extracts concepts from various modalities that
complement its unique way of dealing with systems, while unburdening itself from
the constraints of previous models. Metaframeworks places emphasis on six separate
domains that is believed to assist a therapist in understanding the client.
Metaframeworks draws from familysystems theory, when observing an individual,
but it expands family systems in order to include the individual s internal processes
(EFEF). Metaframeworks holds the position that family systems thinking has made
the therapist focus on either the entire family, the subsystems of the family system, or
the family s interactions with systems besides its own (EEEE). By pairing the
external and internal... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The opinion of metaframeworks is that each individual has multiple subpersonalities
or parts that consist of the self. Each of these parts interact with one another on a
daily basis, switching continuously back and forth dependent upon the individuals
context. When an individual finds themselves in a situation that is uncomfortable or
filled with tension, then the parts are capable of becoming extreme (polarization).
The belief is that these polarized parts have taken the reigns from an individual s true
self and in order to regain control an individual must depolarize. When clients enter
therapy they are in a situation in which a part of themselves has become polarized.
The individual s polarized part wants to return to homeostasis, but it is enmeshed
within the roles it has taken on. In order to fully revert the part must recognize the
self as having the ability to maintain effective leadership and it must change its
interactions with the self and other parts (EEEE). In this manner of changing, it is
believed that internal change happens at a faster rate. This also enables the therapist
to trust the client to be able to make the changes necessary for themselves without the
need for reframes. Breunlin, Schwartz, and Kune Karrer (1997) also emphasize their
shift in focus from Minuchin s structural family therapy in regards to how change
occurs. Instead of introducing a crisis, focusing on a family systems pattern

Stopping Deforestation In The Amazon
Deforestation is a permanent destruction of forests, and an estimated of 18 millions
acres of forest is destroyed every year. In recent decades, the forest is losing at a
rapid rate, and deforestation is a man made problem because human cut down trees
for economic development and social development. Governments and environmental
agencies have recognized the problems of deforestation, and they set up different
policies to regulate business companies and manufacturers for furthering damage the
forest. One of the most outstanding policies is to restrict illegal commercial activities
in public forest areas, and new policies of reclaiming unregistered forest land and
regulating activities on private forest are also effective methods to stop deforestation.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the regulation that Brazilian government and environmentalists put on
regulating deforestation is restricting commercial use of cutting forest. In Jeff
Tollefson s article, Battle for the Amazon, he states federal government designated
areas in the Amazon basin for protection, cracked down on ranchers, farmers and
land speculators, and put pressure on local government, while environmentalists
ramped up campaigns against companies that were exporting beef, leather, and
soya beans from illegally cleared land . From here, we see both government
agencies and environmentalists have actively put effect on stopping illegal
deforestation in Amazon forest, and the result is remarkable. In the latter
paragraph, it states Brazil has lowered its carbon dioxide output more than any
other country through a historic effort to slow forest loss. The deforestation rate
here last years was roughly 75% below the average for 1996 to 2005 just shy of
Brazil s pledge to achieve an 80% reduction by 2020. In other words, it can be said
that the policy on restricting illegal activities in Amazon forest is workable for
stopping deforestation, and government should strengthen the enforcement on

Teenage Pregnancy And Teenage Pregnancies
The amount of teenage pregnancies in America has skyrocketed in the last few
decades. Young, uneducated children are having sexual intercourse without a clear
understanding of the serious consequents behind their actions, but it is not entirely
their fault because their parents and school s curriculum have failed to bestow a
clear and concise grasp of sex. Sexual educationis typically incorporated into an
academic setting either in middle school or high schoolwhen an adolescent is hitting
puberty. But, teaching sexual education to teenagers when their hormones are off
the roof is like telling a child not to eat a cake after they had just consumed it not
very helpful. If a child is taught at an early age about sexual education, staring in
elementary school, rather than in high school or middle school, it will reduce the
risk of teenage pregnancies, help kids is less self conscience of his or her body, and
gain a clear understanding of sexual transmitted diseases. Risky sexual behaviors
among youth are high. According to the 2011 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey
data, nearly half (47%) of high school students reported having sexual intercourse
(Barr). Now, just imagine how much the percentage would increase if all students
were truthful and the survey were retaken in 2015. In another study conducted on
middle school students, twenty percent of sixth graders have already their first sexual
encounter, and forty two
Pitones 2 percent of eighth graders reported engaging in

The Importance Of Communication
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The ANZAC Legend Essay
The ANZAC Legend
ANZAC stands for Australian and New Zealand Army Corps. The soldiers in those
forces quickly became known as ANZACS, and the pride they soon took in that name
endures to this day.
The ANZAC legend began with the landing at Gallipoli on April 25 1915, signaling
the start of the disastrous Dardanelles campaign on the Turk Peninsula. This
campaign saw thousands of ANZAC fatalities before its conclusion in January 1916.
Significantly, the ANZAC legend is the result of a devastating loss, rather than a
great victory. The soldiers are remembered for maintaining courage and determination
under hopeless conditions.
The ANZAC legend owes much to wartime correspondents who used the ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In wartime propaganda, the ANZAC forces were portrayed as the loyal sons of the
British Empire, fighting as much for the mother country as for their own. Beyond the
military campaign, the ANZAC soldiers represented the ethos of their rural
Australian background. The values of equality, good humor and mateship were
transplanted to the situation in Turkey.
It is easy to understand why the ANZAC legend became so popular. The Gallipoli
campaign was described as the baptism of the newly federated Australia, and a chance
for Australian soldiers to prove themselves to the world. They were not ultimately
victorious, but the soldiers came to represent the character traits of the new country:
fit and healthy, duty bound and courageous, good humored and egalitarian. The
ANZAC image allowed Australians to both demonstrate loyalty to Britain, and claim
an identity of their own.
There is much to challenge the factual accuracy of the ANZAC image. The idea that
Australians were loyal Britons was questionable even in 1915. At the time, over 80%
of Australians were Australian born, not English. Archbishop Mannix expressed the
discrepancies in the ANZAC image in a wartime statement that England is not my
motherland ... indeed it is my stepsister . Publications in existence from the
nineteenth century, such as The Bulletin , rejected

Othello Is A Fool
Othello is honestly is getting more crazy in jealousy and rage. He actually starts to
believe Iago s stupid lies and proofs. Iago is like becoming the master of Othello
thoughts and is basically telling him what to think. And it s sad, because of Othello
s lack of esteem, he believes all of it. Iago tells Othellothat Cassio has even told Iago
that Desdemonaand Cassio slept together. To which they both devise a plan to
make Cassio outwardly say he has, so Othello hides while Iago and Cassio talk
about Desdemona but in reality he was talking about Bianca the whole time.
Because Othello is starting to believe Iago, he is making a fool of himself. He is
becoming more irrational and not trustworthy of his own wife, going as far to hit her

Subway Swot Analysis Paper
Subway
Introduction
Subway is the largest restaurant franchise in the United States. The Subway chain
has been established for about 38 years and it has reached number one in increased
percent sales and consumer awareness over time. Subway s accomplishments are
mainly due to its brand awareness, product image and diversity in the fast food
industry. However, in the presence of strong competitive pressure from its rivals,
Subway has to make some strategic changes in order to prosper in the market place.
This paper is aimed to give a thorough situational and SWOT analysis based on the
facts presented in the case as well as internet updates. Additionally, some
recommendations on Subway s marketing strategies that are specifically on ... Show
There have been attempts to build store volume by experimenting with a breakfast
menu at some stores. Other thoughts to increase volume consist of targeting
consumers for the dinner and late meals as well as increased marketing to children.
Growth is still a priority for Subway, one it hopes to achieve by expanding its non
traditional sites.
Updated Information Subway is a leader in its industry with many accolades.
Subway has been rated the number one franchise opportunity by Entrepreneur
Magazine for 11th time in the past 15 years. It is ranked the number one franchise
by Franchise 500, ranked number two as the fastest growing franchise, and ranked
number one as America s top global franchise. Currently with 13,247 locations in the
United States and 1,800 restaurants in Canada, Subway has surpassed McDonald s
by 148 in number of locations and now is the world s largest submarine sandwich
chain. Besides the United States, Canada and Australia are the two largest markets
for the Subway brand and the Benelux countries are also considered to be an area
with tremendous growth potential. Appendix one, table one shows the number of
Subway locations opened over the years. In August 2003, Subway was presented with
the Customer Loyalty Award in the Quick Serve Food category. Subway s customer
retention is due to its healthy menu options and menu variety (Kane, para 2).
According

Analysis Of Paul Bloom s First Person Plural
A man walks into a bar and begins to converse with a local the man is not from the
area. Intrigued by the unfamiliar face, the first thing the local asks is: where are you
from? Instead of asking for the travelers name, he seeks to identify a larger
organization. These simple conversations display the tendency for humans to
associate with groups. Democrat or Republican, lower, middle, or upper class, family,
education, ancestry, these communal affiliations are what define an individual.
Governments are run by a community of people, and those that are not often collapse,
as displayed by many failed dictatorships and monarchies. Even the most intimate
component of a human, the mind, is divided into a community of different selves, as
explored in the article First Person Plural by Paul Bloom. As demonstrated by Edna
Pontellier in The Awakening, the rule of one body or persona is neither permanent
nor healthy, regardless of the setting; true success comes from a conglomerate of
distinct perspectives with a mutual goal in both a governmental and personal setting.
According to recent psychological studies described in First Person Plural the human
mind may not be characterized by I, but we. In other words, there are different
individuals with varying desires and motivations that control human decisions within
the brain when influenced by certain stimuli. These personas fight for control, such as
the selfthat wants to eat junk food or the self that wants to stay on a

Reflection Paper On Ted Talk
For this assignment, I chose to watch a Ted Talk that focused on the importance of
understanding differences. It is entitled Love No Matter What and is the
culmination of years of research done by Andrew Solomon. I chose this Ted Talk
because I thought it would be interesting to hear about different lived experiences
that people have endured. One of the huge ideas I have learned throughout this
leadership course and all our topics and conversation is that we all have different
lived experiences. It is our lived experiences that make us special and individual.
Love No Matter What focused on this essential idea and how important differences
are. The topic of this TedTalk completely reflects what has been said in our
leadership class as well as what I think a student leader at Western Oregon
University should be. Solomon s talk is centered around the relationship of parents
and children and accepting and loving children, but the ideas expressed in his talk
can be applied to any human relationship. I believe Western is a university that
deeply prides itself in its student diversity and acceptedness of said diversity. The
Western that I know, and love, understands the true necessity of diversity and
wishes to be accepting of diversity in all of its forms. To me, listening to this Ted
Talk was very emotional and personal. I have been incredible blessed with parents in
my life that love and acceptme the way I am. However, I have not, or at least not
much, challenged them in

Catholic Christian Tradition
The vision for society according to the Catholic Christian Tradition is based on
their beliefs in a loving God. Adherents believe that this God provides a redemptive
and pure love to all people, and that we are made in his image and likeness.
Consequently, this tradition instils a belief in adherents, that all humans deserve to
be treated by others with dignity and respects; this is enforced through a Gospel
scripture in John s gospel, ...Love one another. As I have loved you... (John 13: 34).
Beliefs outlined above along with gospel values, provide a foundation for the
Catholic Social Doctrine, which endeavours to promote adherents to live as Christ
did for one another. Catholics believe that all humans are called to share, shape and
experience... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These organisations also believe asylum seekers have the right to work, access to
basic services, and to some financial support if they can t find work. All
organisations are entrusted to serve, without discrimination, the universally uprooted
and displaced people, on the guideline of Catholic scripture; For I was hungry and
you gave me something to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I
was a stranger and you invited me in, (Matthew

A Visual Analysis Essay On Nina Beal
Nina Beal is an artist that has created many different pieces of amazing art work one
of which is called the Waiting. The painting can be seen as a very dark piece of art
that gives a whole new view on what can be described as a swamp. The mood all of
the dark colors give the painting is depressing while the white of the cranes and the
lightblue boat give off a feeling of peace, those of which contradict the emotions
given off by the dark colors. The cranes appear to be very detailed along with the
boat being detailed as well. The emotions given off by the paintingmake the viewer
feel as if she is trying to make the swamps look dirty while the cranes and the boat let
the viewer believe that there is something slightly majestic about it. There

Japan s Laws Of The Trafficking Of Women And Children
Is...
Japan is a Tier 2 source, transit, and destination country for forced labor, sexual
exploitation, and forced marriages. Men, women, and children are all susceptible
to trafficking. The government actively participates in the exploitation of its
people, especially through the program of TITP, or the Technical Intern Training
Program. The proliferation of the sexual trafficking of women and children is
driven by sex tourism. Runaway girls are among the victims of this horrific trade.
Japan does not meet the minimum standard of the 2000 UN TIP Protocol and is
the only G 8 member who did not accede to neither its standards nor the 2000
Transnational Organized Crime Convention. There are no convictions for
perpetrators of forced labor and no laws enacted to prosecute traffickers. Japan s
laws are not collusive with international definitions of trafficking. In 2015, Japan had
a modest increase in the enforcement of ant trafficking laws. However, Japan s laws
do not exclude all forms of trafficking, rather there are large gaps in their criminal
laws. Under the 1956 ProstitutionPrevention Law, Articles 7 through 12 criminalizes
the procurement of prostitutes and forced prostitution. Article 226 2 also criminalizes
the buying and selling of humans. Under the 1947 Employment Security Act, it
criminalizes the engagement of labor recruitment through violence, intimidation, or
confinement. It also criminalizes the recruitment of labor for work that is harmful to
public health and moral

How Does Yamanaka Use Similes In The Lemon Tree
Billiards...
John Green once stated, If you don t imagine, nothing ever happens at all. When
the author uses Descriptive adjectives and Similes their goal is to create an image
in the reader s head, because if they didn t it would be dull, and boring. In the story
The Lemon Tree Billiard House Cedric Yamanaka uses similes, and descriptive
adjectives to describe, mood, settings, and the characters in the story. In the story
The Lemon Tree Billiards House Cedric Yamanaka used descriptive adjectives to
express the setting, mood, and characters. In the story the author used descriptive
adjectives to describe Locust Cordero by saying, Wearing, of all things, a purple
tuxedo with a red carnation on the lapel. This allowed the reader to imagine what
Locust was wearing. The author made it easy to guess that Locust had an expensive
taste, and made him sound rich. The author uses this technique to make the book
sound interesting.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is very important in the story, because the story included many billiards
games, and without the simile it wouldn t be as exciting as when it was included.
Lastly, the author uses a simile to describe Mitch s negativity by saying, If you
beat em, da curse going be pau. But if you lose, da rest of your life going shrivel up
like one slug aftah you pour salt on top. This helps, describe that the curse Mitch
believes he had can destroy him, but if he beats it the curse will be done. These are
the reasons on how the author used Descriptive Adjectives and similes to describe
different aspects of the

Inflammatory Bowel Disorder Essay
Overall Scientific premise: Inflammatory bowel disorder (IBD) affects an
estimated 1 1.3 million people in the US alone, according to the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC). Although immune intolerance in the gut is
considered one of the factors driving disease progression, the origins of IBD remain
unknown. Enteric infections play a major role and could potentially be an
underlying cause of IBD (PMID:15256979). Staphylococcus aureus, an ESKAPE
pathogen, one of the major causes of foodborne enteric infections. Nevertheless,
there is a considerable knowledge gap as to how S. aureus can cause dysregulation
and inflammation at enteric mucosal surfaces that could lead to IBD. Previous
studies along these lines led to the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To address this issue, we will be using NARSA (Nebraska Transposon Mutant
library) library consisting of single transposon insertion mutants covering almost 90%
of S. aureus USA 300 genome. We will use a translational reporter line of C. elegans,
in which HLH 30 has a GFP tag to monitor nuclear accumulation. Identification of the
S. aureus genes involved in HLH 30 activation will allow us to pinpoint the PAMP
/DAMP which is recognized by the host. Achieving this aim will allow us to
manipulate this conserved innate signaling pathway and further our fundamental
understanding of how the host detects pathogen.
Scientific Premise for Specific Aim 2 Identification of the acetylcholine receptors
in immune cells and intestinal epithelial cells involved in the activation of TFEB. A
recent screen in C. elegans to determine the receptor involved in the detection of a
pathogenic signal activating HLH 30 led to the identification of two G protein
linked acetylcholine receptors (GARs) GAR 2 and GAR 3. GAR 2 and GAR 3 are
homologous to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). RNA i experiments in
C. elegans showed that GAR 2 and GAR 3 expressed in the intestine are critical in
activating HLH 30. From this observation, we hypothesized that TFEB activation in
mammals could also involve acetylcholine receptors AChRs. Acetylcholine
suppresses the immune system by limiting the production of pro inflammatory
cytokines according to previous studies.

Tang Song And Song Dynasty Analysis
Speaking of ancient China and its enormous influence in East Asian history, the first
dynasty that comes into people s mind must be Tang dynasty. Tang is universally
acknowledged as one of the most powerful dynasties in Chinese history, attracting
many vassal states to study the political system and culture of Tang dynasty. Almost
every main country in East Asian history has the slight trace of Tang; and even today,
Chinese often proudly call themselves Tang people . Contrasting to Tang, Song
dynastyis not that memorable because of its lack of military strength and several
humiliating defeats. However, Song, in history, is a dynasty that raised Chinese
civilization to a higher level and even exceeded Tang dynasty. Song itself also
provided a model for its neighboring countries to imitate. Take KoryЕЏ for a perfect
example. As the market economy, the technology, the citizens living standard and the
education all came to a new climax during Song dynasty, China, meanwhile, deeply
influenced KoryЕЏ in these four aspects. To begin with, a strikingly market
economy was developed rapidly during Song dynasty, leading China into a period
of unprecedented economic prosperity. This is first reflected by a wide variety of
market goods. As Patricia Ebrey describes, here we find pearl, jade, talismans,
exotic plants and fruits, seasonal catches from the sea, wild game all the rarities of
the world seem to be gathered here. (Ebrey, 178) The goods were not limited to
commoners

Essay On How My Dream Came True
BRITISH STUDIOS FORGOTTEN ROLLS ROYCE how My Dream Came
True...by Pascal Liger
This is the story of the most famous Rolls Royce in film; a car once loved, then
forgotten for three decades. If you were born in the sixties or the seventies, you
probably saw it many times...
Somehow, people lost track of it with time. I guess most of the previous owners
never knew that so many famous people had travelled in it.
When I was a young teen, I spent countless hours watching television series on
Saturday afternoons. These shows are where I caught my first glimpse of the
legendary car. Seeing that Rolls Royce Silver Shadow for the first time invoked
indescribable emotions in me. As a youth, my father took me to the nearby Paris
Motor ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I read that the car was delivered to Robert B. Massey s garage in Market Weighton,
East Yorkshire. It was used as a demonstration model, then sold to James Harrison s
Building Company in Edinburgh in March 1968. The file also contained a black
and white picture of the car (shown on the first web page) with an insurance paper
mentioning the cost of some repairs, on which was written Insured by MGM
British Studios . I didn t even know that MGM had studios in the UK, but I ve been
in touch with them ever since. This information began my quest to find out more
about the car. I have since learned that the first registration number was MWF
435F, which was changed to OPH2 in the seventies, which has naturally changed
several times since. If you look closely at the front, you will notice the side light on
the wings. They are not originals. They were fitted later to make the car look
newer. Rolls Royce only fitted those from 1971, I think...(from 1966 to 1980, the
factory made 2000 modifications to this model!) During the first 2 years of
production, Rolls Royce only made 3 or 4 cars per day. 4141 cars were produced
with the Chippendale Dashboard.
In the following weeks, I discovered that from September 1968, the car was owned
by Kingsbury Motors at Kingsbury Road, London NW9. They were a massive rental
company that was popular

Religious Language In The Handmaid s Tale
Language is a building block when it comes to writing. It covers most aspects of
writing, such as word choice, syntax, phrasing, etc. It s the process that engages the
audience. Ranging from a 10 volume series of World War II analysis to Dr. Seuss,
language is malleable, in which it s shaped to fit the theme at hand. It s a powerful
tool that can affect the emotion of the reader and the overall atmosphere drastically.
If the writingis boring, with simple and empty words, no imagery, of course it would
pain you to flip to the next page. On the other hand, if the writing has expressive
word choice, has imagery that paints a vivid, living world in your head, you would
race through the story to find out what happens next. Specifically I would like to
bring attention to the fact that languageis power, and in the novel, The Handmaid s
Tale by Margaret Atwood, this is a prominent idea that is illustrated throughout the
entire book. Atwood made it so that power is created through religious language,
freedom of speech, the speech... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This concept is evident throughout the entire book. In Gilead, religious language
is what sustains the theocratic government. It also plays into the freedom of
speech, where individuals are compelled to use when communicating and
interacting, making it normal in their daily lives. There are many religious
references in the book, such as the positions, the roles of individuals in the book,
like the Angels, Guardians, Jezebels, Marthas, and the assigned names for the
Handmaids that take away their sense of identity in the autocratic state of Gilead.
The store names, as well, such as Daily Bread and All Flesh. Bread is a reference to
the bible, where bread is considered a celestial food. As for flesh, it is a reference to
a quote in the bible that people go through the stages of life, being born and carrying
on until their death, like a flower in the field that sprouts and

Difference Between A Leader And A Boss
The hardest element while being an entrepreneur is leading a team. Take special
notice of what was said there; lead and team. As one goes about life trying to climb
the ladder within a workplace, he/she will often lose sight of what is genuinely
important: attitude and servitude. One will become so caught up in the success that
he/she will become a bossfigure; except when this happens, the person is not
successful. This alters one s future and relationships, not only in the workplace but
also in the home life, in essence affecting the community as a whole. Leaders and
bosses run communities, but there is a definite difference between the two styles. In
today s society, a boss must work to become a great leader.
So the question is, what is the difference between a leader and a boss? The answer
is easy; it s the way they think. If one searched Leader vs. Boss on the internet, the
person would probably find the quote Bosses push while leaders pull by Dave
Ramsey. What that means is that a boss will tell a team what to do while a leader
will do it with them. This is because he/she will participate in the workload and take
the fall for them if something goes wrong. Andy Stanley s tells in his podcast that
someone should always try to never over complicate situations. He says, One must
aspire to be the dumbest person in the room . This will push the person to surround
himself/herself with smarter people; this will help the person grow because one can
never be finished.

Importance Of Opportunity Cost Of Higher Education
Education is important and a vital role in the development of an economy. It is
even better if the government can provide it in some way. The opportunity cost of
higher education has proven to better develop the economic as it provides better
job opportunities that pay more if it is a job not a competitive field. It can be
considered under getting a technical degree or professional degree, it is jobs needed
in the country to help the economy flow. That is a look at higher education. What
about early education? Is the opportunity costof not providing excellent early
education beneficial to the economy?
Understanding what opportunity cost is would be an important factor in answering
the question. Investopedia would define Opportunity cost as it refers to a benefit that
a person could have received, but gave up, to take another course of action. (Staff
2016) It better use as to weight out options that would be better economy. To this will
always be applied when it comes to higher education. Business would use this will it
comes calculating the productivity. When technology advancement occurs, people
must be current. It would include getting certification annually. As applied to higher
education meaning a person determination to get the knowledge and education to
pursue their career field.
Opportunity Cost= Return of Most Lucrative Option Return of Chosen Option The
above is the formula for calculating the opportunity cost. In the article journal Degree
v. Diploma, it is

Biblical Perspectives on Conflict Management and
Peacemaking
OUTLINE
I. Introduction
II. Basic Conflict Concepts
III. Peacemaking
IV. The Author s Life Lessons
BIBLICAL PERSPECTIVES ON CONFLICT MANAGEMENT AND
PEACEMAKING
Introduction As descendants of Adam and Eve, one has a few realities to grapple
with. This reality is based in the fact that one has a sin nature. Sin is present and
influences everyday life. The world is evil, life is hard and conflict happens because
sin is a reality of this world. One does not accept the world just as it is but makes
an effort to reform it. Life is difficult but one seeks means by which to lighten the
load along the broken road of life. One is motivated to exert resources toward ... Show
they hold the most amount of influence. Therefore, it behooves leaders to assess the
types of conflict management so that, as the situation requires the leader can adapt
the approaches for the most positive outcome for all involved.
In his book, Creative Conflict Management, Donald Palmer identifies five main
conflict management styles. Each of these styles has certain pros and cons as well as
appropriate times for use. These five styles are: avoiding, accommodating,
collaborating, compromising and attacking. (Donald Palmer, Creative Conflict
Management, 25 31)
Avoiding
This style involves simply staying out of conflict. It requires very little investment
toward relationships, passivity and unassertiveness on the part of the avoider. The
avoider will run, hide or simply withdraw to alleviate any pain that may potentially
be accrued. The outcome is often that conflict goes unresolved and bitterness may
occur. However, this may be an appropriate response when others in conflict are too
immature to respond well, when conflict cannot possibly result in positive outcomes
or as a stalling tactic to allow time needed to settle emotions thus bringing clarity.
Accommodating
This style is implemented when an individual s focus is to maintain relationships
even at unhealthy costs. The style often necessitates sacrificing the interest of the
accommodator to appease the interests of others. This style often

Pachucos Research Paper
There are many characteristics of Pachucos. Write down three characteristics found in
the chapter. Vigil states that the Pachucos characteristics involved dress, manners,
and social attitudes, and Pachucos took much pride in their creations (220). Further,
the zoot suit (a suit that the hip urban crowd wore in the 1940s) became the Pachuco,
with male and female versions (Vigil 220). Consequently, I think that is interesting
that the Pachucos had a suit that represents them characteristic wise. Moreover, I can
only think of a few clothing characteristics that represent Americans, but not a special
suit. Furthermore, the second characteristic is The Pachuco dialect, for example,
although it included Hispanicized English, Anglicized Spanish, and invented words
in Nahuatl and Archaic Spanish, was mainly made up of Calo Spanish gypsy slang,
supposedly popularized by bullfighters (221). Furthermore, I think it is interesting
that the Pachucos had a Spanish gypsy slang because I have never heard of Spanish
gypsy slang before. Lastly, the third characteristic is Many of the Pachuco generation
escaped the worst effects of marginality and, as a result, became... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Write down some examples of this concept. Notable, some examples of this could
include the words like Ay te watcho, which means I ll be watching you, chante,
meaning shanty, daime means dime, brecas means breaks, bote means jail, and
ganga means gang (Vigil 220). Furthermore, In Texas there evolved a Tex Mex
argot, often created by adding a Spanish sound at the beginning or end of an English
word (cookiar, watchiar, parkiar, marketa, and so on) (Vigil 220). Indeed, that is
extremely interesting that the languages were combined, I feel like sometimes in
America people will try to imitate another language by combining it with the English
language. For example, people in America will try to imitate the way Asians speak
through writing

Doris Day Research Paper
Born on April 3, 1924, Doris Mary Ann von Kappelhoff, also known as Doris Day,
was one of the most popular actresses and singers in American history. Starting her
career by working with a number of local bandleaders including Barney Rapp and
Bob Crosby at the age of 17, Day s work with Les Brown made her a popular
singing sensation right after World War II. Co written by Les, Doris first hit
Sentimental Journey was recorded at the ideal time because what she possessed,
beyond her beauty and physical grace, was a resplendent voice that conveyed
enormous warmth and feeling to the homecoming troops after war service. Later,
she stepped into Hollywood and became a star actress by appearing in several famous
movies such us My Dream Is Yours

Effects Of Extracurricular Activities Essay
Extracurricular activities refer to activities that provide opportunities for students to
develop specific skills or knowledge, and take place outside of school hours.
Extracurricular activities offer experiences of teamwork and support the development
of many social, cognitive, and physical skills of the students. By joining
extracurricular activities, the students learn to manage their time, relieve stress and
learn to strive for excellence in more than one thing.
Extracurricular activities are found in all levels of our schools in many different
forms. They can be sports, clubs, debate, theatre, school publications, students
newspaper, music, art, dance, scout, and other social events. Extracurricular are
totally voluntary, so the students ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The positive effects that extracurricular activities have on students are behavior, better
grades, school completion, positive aspects to become successful adults, and a social
aspect (Massoni, 2011). Students that actively participate in extracurricular activities
have reduced behavior problems. The students who participate in extracurricular will
show good self discipline. They also have responsibility to perform the task correctly.
When students perform these things correctly, they are rewarded for their good
behavior and they take pride in their accomplishments. Because of the pride they
achieve, they gain better self respect, self esteem, and self confidence.
The other effect of extracurricular activities for students is the social aspect. Students
that are involved in extracurricular activities meet many new people. By joining
extracurricular activities, the students will meet people that they share interests with.
In extracurricular activities, students also learn about group work, and sometimes
they end up having less conformity to gender

The Eltanin Civilizations, The Civilizations Of The Middle...
Welcome to Crash Course Civilizations 101! Today we will discuss one of the most
prominent civilizations of the middle kingdom, the Eltanin civilization. Now before
we jump in let s talk about what exactly is a civilization. Textbook definition defines
it as: the process by which a society or place reaches an advanced stage of social
development and organization, but a civilizationis more than just that. It is the
culture a group of people possesses which is sustained over a period of time which
shapes history in one way or another. Most civilizations all stemmed from one life
changing event, the agricultural revolution. As the first agricultural revolution
occurred from 10,000 BC to 2000 BC, people started to settle and cultivate land by
planting crops and raising animals. Although blossoming from different areas around
the world, they all had certain similar aspects such as developing unique ways of
supporting themselves and upholding their society. The start of this transition is
known as the middle kingdom. Today we will be discussing one of the most
prominent civilizations of the middle kingdom, the Eltanin civilization, who lasted
what scientists like to call, A LONG TIME..Before we dive into who they were and
how they impacted history, let s talk about how they originated.
The Eltanin civilization originated from the foothills of the Andes Mountains in 2055
BC, where they migrated northeast to modern day south Brazil and north Argentina,
slowly transitioning

Saskatchewan Roughriders Research Paper
The Saskatchewan Roughriders have been an organization in Regina for over 100
years. Though operating as a non profit, the organization generates millions of
dollars in revenue annually along with millions of dollars of profit. The goals of
non profit organizations do not aim to make a profit but year in and year out the
Riders turn out in the positive. By applying for profit business principles the
Saskatchewan Roughriders are able to manage their expenses and turn out at the end
of the year in the green. Popularity, success, and licensed goods such as hats, jerseys,
or anything with an official logo on it play important roles in how well the
organization does financially. The main reason this particular organization generates
profits and

Literature Review On Teenage Depression
A study of national trends in depression among adolescents and young adults
published in the journal pediatrics on November 14 found that teen depression
jumped from 8.7% in 2005 to 11.5% in 2014 thats a 37 percent increase so in this
report i will be talking about the study that was conducted by the AAP news and
journal gateways and the article i found it on was times health.
Despite the rise in teen depression the study which analyzed data from the national
surveys on drug use and health reported that there really isn t mental health
treatment for adolescents and young adults but there is a growing number of young
people who go un treated or under treated and for those who did get help, treatment
tended to be really intense often involving specialized care or prescribed medication.
According to the department of health and human resources more than 3 million
adolescents aged 12 17 reported at least one major depressive episode in the past year
and more than two million reported to have severe depression that messed up their
daily functioning or in other words it affected their schedules.
Anxiety and Depression are affecting kids behavior and their ability to learn which
can lead to dropping out or being home schooled, a woman named Ellen Chance is
working to get more counselors trained to be able to identify mental health disorders
but it wont be easy because thats going to be a lot of kids to check individually and
check them to see if they have any mental illness which

Heart Of Darkness Kurtz Isolation
Separation Enables Comprehension When an individual is immersed in a society,
he is unaware of its true nature. In Joseph Conrad s Heart of Darkness, Kurtz
epitomizes the ideals of European culture. He is a man who exemplifies Western
civilization...a man of talent who reads poet...on a mission...for international society
of savage customs...a hollow man who becomes frenzied by his greed for ivory
(Nassab 24). However, those within the continent of Europe and those with close
ties to it have a flawed understanding of Kurtz s character; they prefer to view him as
pristine rather than seeing his flaws. With geographic separation from Europe also
comes a greater understanding of Kurtz s character. As Marlow s proximity to Kurtz
and distance... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As he isolates himself from the influences of European society, his understanding
of the ideological base of European society also shifts. Initially Marlow s view of
Europe Kurtz, is relatively neutral and uniformed. Despite being of English
descent, as a ship captain, his alliance to Europe is not very strong. However, upon
hearing the numerous positive views of Kurtz possessed by those native to Europe
in the Congo, Marlow becomes obsessed with the idea of meeting Kurtz. Following
the death of his helmsman, Marlow throws his shoes overboard, not in mourning
for the dead man but instead because I was cut to the quick at the idea of having
lost the inestimable privilege of listening to the gifted Kurtz (Conrad 120). Marlow s
throwing his shoes overboard is justified by not meeting a man rather than the
tragedy that had just befell his fellow shipmate. The obsession with Kurtz, and
similarly enchantment with Western society, surpasses any moral values. Like his
European companions along the Congo, Marlow s obsession with Kurtz has little
basis in fact or experience. Despite the presence of Europeans within the Congo,
Marlow s emotional distance from them allows him to distance himself from the
clouded view of European ideology and approach a clear understanding of Europe as
he nears Kurtz. During his time on the ship, he spends much of his time in solitude,
working on the

Theoretical Frameworks Of Learning, Discipleship And...
Discuss how children learn with a focus on one area from a selection of current
priorities drawing on relevant literature, research and practice from a critical
perspective
This essay will discuss two theoretical frameworks of learning, Behaviourism and
Constructivism. Then examine the orginin, need and importance for ability grouping
specifically to aid the gifted student. It will then analyse evidence of a child from
block School Experience (BSE) 1 and relate theory to practice.
Learning can sometimes appear to be a very simple thing, understanding how we
learn is not as straightforward as it may seem. Numerous definitions and theories of
learning indicate the complexity of the process.
David Fontana (1985) considered learning as a relatively persistent change in an
individual s behaviour due to experience, associating the outcome of learning as the
behaviour. In contrast Norah Morgan and Juliana Saxton (1991) argue effective
teaching depends upon recognizing that effective learning takes place when the
students are active participants in what s going on demonstrating a more
constructivist approach to learning where more attention is paid to what is going on
inside the child s head and the mental processes taking place.
Behaviourism ignored the need to consider internal mental states or consciousness,
describing all behaviour as being caused by external stimuli. The works of
behaviourists Ian Pavlov (1849 1936) and Burrhus Frederic Skinner (1904 1990)
explored

20,000 Leagues Under the Sea Essay
Born on February 8, 1828, Jules Verne had spent most of his child hood in the
small, seafaring town of Nantes, France. He was the son of a wealthy provincial
lawyer, Pierre Verne and Sophie Allote de la FuГ
їe, a local woman from generations
with maritime history and Scottish ancestry. In 1829, the Verne family relocated to
Quai Jean Bart. In the same year, Verne s brother Paul was born. Following his
brother would be three more sisters, Anna, Mathilde, and Maria in 1836, 1839, and
1842, chronologically. Through most of his childhood, Verne had repeatedly
dreamed on endeavoring on great adventures on the high seas. His early life was
marked with one unfortunate occasion, he had climbed out of his window of his
house and ran down to... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The couple already had two children, Suzanne Morel and Valentine Morel, from the
account of Honorine was a widow. Four years after his marriage, Verne had missed
the birth of his only biological son Michel Verne. Verne held many careers before
and after his marriage. To gain the approval of the Morels to marry Honorine,
Verne had to accepted her brother s offer to create a brokerage. His father
begrudgingly approved and Verne would become a stockbroker. While he was
occupied by the extensive hours of work at the Paris exchange, he also prepared
for his first major literary piece. He had adopted a meticulous timetable to
accommodate his literary labors. Verne would begin writing and researching as early
as five, before arriving at the Bourse to become occupied with his regular occupation
as a stockbroker. In the following years, the increasingly popular author published his
first long fiction book, Five Weeks in a Balloon. This book fascinated to many since
Central Africa was a vast and unexplored territory. Verne, soon after, would retire and
devote his time to create stories that many will now called the greatest works in
science fiction ( Jules Verne). His works were soon interrupted in the years 1870 71,
a time that would be known as the Franco Prussian war. The severity of the dispute
had resulted in Verne having to leave his personal life and serve with the French coast
guard and manning the cannons ( Verne,

Why Is Tata Steel Important
Tata Steel:
Tata Steal is one of the largest steel production all over the world. It has an annual
steel capacity of 27.5 million tonnes per annum. Tata Steel is the world s second
Steel producer which has operations in 26 countries worldwide. Is has a turnover of
Rs 1,17,420 crore (US $18.12 billion). Tata Steel has 74000 employees across all over
the world.
Tata Steel plant founded by Jamsetji Tata in 1907. It is situated in Jamshedpur, India
s first Steel city. It is well known for Steel which is growing challenging and
changing the world.
Tata steel has an objective of larger geographical area to provide the best service to
the customers. Tata Steel is fast growing company collaborated with European and
South east Asian countries. It has ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Tata Motors limited shortly named as TELCO (Tata engineering and Locomotives),
which is worldwide and their product are manufactured according to the customer
preference like commercial cars, sports cars, vans, trucks, buses, military vehicles and
construction equipments.
Tata Motors is the market leader. it is known for commercial vehicles and the top
three in passenger vehicles in the world . It is the world s fourth largest bus and fifth
truck manufacturer company. Tata Motors passenger vehicle and commercial
vehicles are being marketed in several parts of the countries like Africa, Europe,
South Asia, the Middle East, South America, South East Asia, CIS and Russia. Tata
Motors has a Joint Venture/ franchisee assembly operation in Ukraine Senegal and
Bangladesh.
Tata Motors founded in 1945, headquarter in Mumbai, India. It has 4500 engineers,
research and development centre in India, Italy, Spain, UK, and South Korea. it has
worldwide network.
Tata Motors appointed Natarajan Chandrasekaran as a Chairman and Guenter
Butschek as CEO. Tata Motors has a total revenue of Rs 2.697 Trillion in 2016 and
has 60000 employees. Tata Motors has subsidiaries with Land Rover and Jaguar car ,
Tata Daewoo and Tata

Joker In The Dark Knight
The Dark Knight opens with a classic robbery scene that makes the argument, that
there is a code among criminals that should be adhered to. Towards the end of the
scene we see the bank manager talking to the Joker exclaiming that criminals used to
have honor and respect for one another, an honor among thieves. The Jokerdoes not
share this same honor and will do what he wants, like murder the people who help
him rob the bank, to bring chaos and mayhem to Gotham. This argument could be
made by both the Joker and the Director of the film in order to show how different
the Joker is from any normal criminal. As shown later on in the film when he burns
large piles of money, the Joker does not care for money and material things like most
mobsters... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The mobsters in this film have respect for one another and know not to tamper
with someone else s territory. However, the Joker is not a mobster, he is a
psychopath that knows how to manipulate people by using money and scare
tactics. The Joker does not rob the mob s banks because of the money, he robs
them to show the mob that respect only goes as far as the dollar you are giving. In
Gotham, every criminal knows their place in the large scheme of things and they
do try and break the mold because of the fear and respect they have for the mob
bosses. When the bank manager says that the Joker has no respect for who he is
robbing, the audience should see the Joker as the worst of criminals because he does
not adhere to any code. The audience should think that the Joker is the worst of the
criminals in Gotham because he has no respect for the people helping him with his
plans, they are just pawns in his larger scheme. The general audience should know
that the Joker is the main villain to Batman, but what this scene shows is that he
does not like to work with others because of their differences in goals. The people
that were employed by the Joker went blind because of the money they were going
to get and failed to realize that they were working for a

Essay A Western Identity Crisis
This country was founded by immigrants and is known for its population from a
wide array of cultural backgrounds. Living in a westernized society that is so
diverse, we are forced to choose an identity for ourselves at one point or another in
our lives. Some choose to identify by their outer qualities, while others may identify
by their inner qualities. One may identify by their looks, gender, sexuality, political
views, or their beliefs. Some may have an identity that is dynamic and ever changing
depending on the events faced in life, or some my identify by a single aspect
throughout their whole life. Some may even struggle finding an identity due to the
countless influence both conscious and unconscious. In the Borderlands of Chicano...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Saenz, our identities are shaped by our surroundings. He describes a
student: He did not produce himself. He is a product. And the word product here
should not be confused with victim. Though we may all occupy different positions
in the material world, we are all products of the cumulative discourse around us
(Saenz 71). We are products of our environment, and the course each of us takes in
life is dependent on how we allow the discourse to shape us and our beliefs.
Choosing an identity is necessary, and many of us are forced to have more than
one identity. We have an identity that we choose, a private identity, and are forced
to also have a public identity. Our public identity is shaped by politics and our
cultural surroundings. According to Saenz, the West s obsession began with Plato
and Aristotle and was extended by (among others) Thomas Aquinas, Augustine,
Descartes, Locke, Hume, Heidegger and Marx (75). This obsession with political
identity continues into present day and the West s obsession has a great impact on
our public identity. Our public identity is not one that we may necessarily choose,
but rather is forced upon us by others. While some say we are all the same. We all
love, we all hate, we all dream, we all will die. We feel. We all feel (73). There is so
little truth behind such a statement. We are not all the same, not genetically,

The Main Obstacles To The Settlement Of Israel
Jews have lived in Judea and Samaria (the West Bank) and the Gaza Strip throughout
recorded history, until the 1948 War of Independence, when they were forced to flee
the invading Arab armies.
When Israel captured the West Bank in the 1967 Six Day War, no Israeli citizens
lived in the territory. The following year, a small group of religious Jewsrented rooms
at the Park Hotel in Hebron for Passover, saying they wanted to be near the Tomb of
the Patriarchs, one of the holiest sites in Judaism (as well as Islam and Christianity).
The Israeli government reluctantly allowed them to stay temporarily. From that
beginning, hundreds of thousands of Israeli Jews now reside in the West Bank, citing
religion, history and Israel s security among their reasons for being there. But the
Palestinians, along with the rest of the world, see their presence as one of the key
obstacles to a peace agreement and the creation of a Palestinian state. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The evidence points to the opposite conclusion. From 1949 67, when Jews were
forbidden to live on the West Bank, the Arabs refused to make peace with Israel.
From 1967 77, the Labor Party established only a few strategic settlements in the
territories, yet the Arabs showed no interest in making peace with Israel. In 1977,
months after a Likud government committed to greater settlement activity took
power, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat went to Jerusalem. One year later, Israel
froze settlements, hoping the gesture would entice other Arabs to join the Camp
David peace process But none would. In another Camp David summit in 2000, Ehud
Barak offered to dismantle most settlements and create a Palestinian state in exchange
for peace, and Yasser Arafat rejected the

The Importance Of DOT Compliance
The Department of Transportation (DOT) governs the commercial vehicles that
traverse the nation s roadways. DOT compliance is a major concern for transportation
companies of all sizes. Three areas of compliance that many trucking companies
struggle with are driver requirements, DOT permits, and documentation practices.
That s why many turn to outside companies to help guide them and assure they are
fully compliant.
Driver Requirements
Federal law requires all commercial vehicle drivers to undergo a thorough background
check to assure the individual doesn t have a disqualifying criminal background.
What s more, the DOT requires drivers to undergo alcohol and drug screening prior to
employment and subsequently in the event of an accident or other incident. Properly
obtaining background checks and performing drug testing is vitally important. These
vital compliance tasks are often outsourced to a company that specializes in pre
employment screening to assure compliance with regulations and fairness to drivers.
Obtaining Permits
The first, and most important permit that any trucking company needs is a USDOT
number. The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) requires that all
commercially operated vehicles that use federal roadways obtain and maintain a valid
USDOT number. In addition, some states have ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Literally everything that your company s drivers do, and everything about your
trucks has to be logged. Failing to adequately and accurately complete a logbook can
result in fines and other penalties. The same holds true for your driver and vehicle
files, all of which should be up to date and ready for an audit at all times. The truth is,
these tasks are time consuming and tedious, albeit necessary. Outsourcing them to an
experienced compliance company means your time can be spent where it matters
most, running your

Emotions In Kate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour
People s attitudes and emotions are far more diverse and intricate than what we
think. Every individual is prone to feel different emotions such as sadness,
happiness, and even a mixture of both, as we are all unique in our own way.
Because of these complicated emotions, we end up responding to these feelings
negatively, which lead us into complicated positions in the long run. In the short
story, The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin, we conflict with a similar type of
situation where the main character, Louise Mallard, ironically, in a timespan of an
hour, undergoes several stages of mixed emotions after hearing the news of her
husband s death. The three key emotions expressed through Ms. Mallard s character
is grief, impending doom, and then an unexpected exhilaration, leading up to her
unfortunate fatality due to an unexplained, monstrous joy. To start off with, Ms.
Mallard deals with the first feelingof grief, when she is told by her sister Josephine,
that her husband s name has been the name that led the list of... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
She can sense an unpleasant feeling coming her way, yet, she doesn t exactly know
what that feeling is. Like in the quote, as she [stands], facing the open window she
now feels a dull stare in her eyes that is not a glance of reflection, but rather
[indicates] a suspension of intelligent thought . This reveals that something is
creeping up towards her from outside the window, but doesn t know what exactly
that something is. Ms. Mallard tries hard to reject this strange feeling of
impending doom by [striving] to beat it back with her will as she [begins] to
recognize this thing that [is] approaching to possess her , but she can t seem to let
go of this ominous feeling. Perhaps it is signifying that the presence of her reality
and fate of her husband s truth is approaching closer, as she feels something coming
to her and [is] waiting for it,

House Cricket Experiment Essay
House Cricket Experiment
Introduction The topic of house cricket aggression in response to residency has
been previously studied. (Alexander 1961) split this aggression behavior into five
levels: 1) no aggression, dominance, or retreat; 2) no aggression with a retreat by one
cricket; 3) mild one sided aggression with mild repercussion; 4) moderate to intense
aggression from both crickets; or 5) sustained combat. Interestingly, in Polistes
wasps (Pardi 1948a), Sphecius wasps (Mr Norman Lin, personal communication), and
crayfish (Bovbjerg 1953; Lowe 1956) aggressive behavior has been split into four or
five levels. (Alexander 1961)
The experimental organism in this experiment was Acheta domesticus, more
commonly known as the house ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The containers were plastic and 18 by 15 by 6 centimeters long. Prior to the
experiment being performed, the crickets had spent a week in these residencies.
Along with the crickets in the plastic containers, there was wet pieces of paper
towel and a slice of carrot. The procedure started with placing the intruder cricket
into another cricket s residence. The intruder was distinguished from the resident by
marking its body with a colored marker provided for the experiment. Once the
intruder was in the container, a trial of ten minutes started. The object was to tally
the winner each time the two crickets interacted in aggressive behavior. The loser
was determined by which cricket backed up from the interaction first. After the ten
minutes were up, the winner of the trial was the cricket with the most tallies. If the
score was tied, the crickets were watched for an additional minute. This procedure
was repeated twice for the remaining four crickets. A Chi square test was used for
hypothesis testing. This is used to determine that the observed number of wins of the
resident from the trials is different from what would be observed by chance. The null
hypothesis was observed wins will be equal to that expected by chance. On the other
hand, the alternative hypothesis was observed wins will not be equal to that expected
by chance. The class hypothesis was proven correct that resident male crickets have a
greater motivation to defend

Canagliflozin Research Paper
Canagliflozin Awaken A Transformation Introduction Molecular Weight : 453.53
Formula: C24H25FO5S1/2 H2O Chemical Name : (1S) 1,5 anhydro 1 [3 [[5 (4
fluorophenyl) 2 thienyl]methyl] 4 methylphenyl] D glucitol hemihydrate Brand
Name : Invokana Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease occurred due to the
metabolic impairment of insulin secretion in the body. It plays a important role in the
development cardiovascular, neurological, and renal complications, which are
considered the main causes for morbidity and mortality in people with diabetes
mellitus. There are three types of diabetes out of which type 2 diabetes is common
worldwide and also known as non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. There are
many medications available... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People who have the disorder have their glucose levels lower known as
hypoglycemia. Studies revealed that this is caused by mutations in the gene for
SGLT 2 which gave an opinion that SGLT 2 could be turned off, decreasing blood
sugars without causing hypoglycemia. This made it to be a good target for SGLT 2
inhibitors. This symporter mainly targets the kidneys, reducing the blood glucose by
eliminating excess sugar through urine. Mechanism of Action Sodium glucose co
transporter 2 (SGLT2), present in the proximal renal tubules, is important for the
reabsorption of filtered glucose from the tubular lumen. Canagliflozin acts by
inhibiting SGLT2 co transporter. It diminishes reabsorption of filtered glucose and
cuts off the renal limit for glucose (RTG), by additionally expanding the urinary
glucose release (UGE). FIG: Mechanism of action of action of SGLT 2 inhibitors. The
left panel depicting the nephron was reproduced from Secretion and reabsorption of
various substances throughout the

Euthanasi A Moral Dilemma
Shubhpreet Janda
Prof. Anthony Fraser
English Comp 1
May 5, 2015
Euthanasia: A Moral Dilemma
In a brightly lit, cold white room, Dr. Jesse is discussing the extent of the life
threatening disease that a patient, Mark, has. Mark has a chance of survival, but
only for about two torturous months where he will have to separate himself from
his normal life and engage in chemotherapy every day. When first hearing about his
situation, Mark immediately decides that plowing through two painful months is
not worth his time or effort, and he wishes to end his life on a positive note
without wearing down his body since he will have to depart sooner or later
anyways. Now when confronted with Mark s decision, Dr. Jesse freezes and
rationalizes with his beliefs to try and figure out the morally correct resolution to
this problem. Like Mark, many other ill patients ask for life termination to relieve
themselves from suffering and many other doctors, like Dr. Jesse, are also placed in
this position where they must choose to either follow the patients requests, or to try
and keep the patient living despite their wishes. Who has the power to make this
decision about ending a patient s life, and to what extent? A terminally ill patient has
the right to request the act of euthanasia as long as he or she is deemed as consciously
aware.
According to the online Princeton Wordnetweb dictionary, consciousnessis an alert
cognitive state in which you are aware of yourself and your situation

Panera Bread Case Study Essay
BUS 480 Strategic Audit Michelle Herndon (2012) Case Number and Title Case 32:
Panera Bread Company (2010): Still Rising Fortunes? CURRENT SITUATION
Panera Bread s intention is to make Panera Bread a nationally recognized brand name
and to be the dominant restaurant operator in the specialty bakery cafГ© segment.
Panera experienced competition from many numerous sources in its trade areas.
Their competition was with specialty food, casual dining and quick service cafes,
bakeries, and restaurant retailers, including national, regional, and locally owned. The
competitive factors included location, environment, customer service, price, and
quality of products. Panera learned from its competitors, none of its competitors had
yet... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Panera was a Delaware corporation and its
corporate headquarters were located in Saint Louis, Missouri. Board of Directors
Divided into three classes of membership, At the time of the May 2010 annual
meeting, the Board consisted of six members. The board has established three
standing committees, each of which operated under a charter approved by the
Board. Ronald M. Shaich is the only internal member and he created the company
s starter. He was the master baker who combined the ingredients and cultivated the
leavening agent that catalyzed the company s phenomenal growth. Mr. Shaich has
been the vision and driving force behind Panera s success from the company s
beginnings until his resignation as CEO and Chairman effective May 13, 2010.
William Moreton succeeded Mr. Shaich as Chief Executive Officer, and the Board
intended to appoint him as President and elect him to the Board. He re joined
Panera in November 2008 as Executive Vice President and Co Chief Operating
Officer. His previous experience includes Potbelly Sandwich Works and Baja
Fresh, a subsidiary of Wendy s International Inc. Larry Franklin was a Director
since 2001. His experience includes Franklin Sports Inc. and Bradford Soap
International Inc. Fred Foulkes was a director since 2003. He had been a Professor
of Organizational Behavior and Founder and Director of the Human Resources Policy

Therapy Pets
The health professional can always contribute to the welfare of the patients by
encouraging them to maintain bonds with their pets. The therapy pets are well
trained often for specific purposes. Therapy pets provide support to decreased
tension, anxiety, loneliness, companionship and even improved overall mood. In the
article Pets and Health: The Impact of Companion Animals Casciotti makes a point
that Children s exposure to companion animals may also ease anxiety. For example,
one study measure the blood pressure, heart rate, and behavioral distress in healthy
children aged 3 to 6 at two different doctor visit for routine physicals . Casciotti also
argues that animals are very important to the humans especially dogs. They save lives
and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the article How Nature Resets Our Minds and Bodies Alter makes a point that
Researchers have found that patients enjoy a wide range of benefits like lower
blood pressure, lower pulse rates and a maker of reduced stress. Natural
environments promote calmness and well being in part because they expose people
to low levels of stress . And in the article pets and Health: The Impact of companion
Animals Casciotti makes a point that These finding suggest that the social support a
pet provides can make a person feel more relaxed and decreased stress . It is true
because patient benefit from the therapy dogs. The therapy dogs take less stress. It
makes the patient take exercise to reduce the blood pressure and stress. Also
having a pet is really a huge effect on the health, both physical and mentally. It
helps with depression by lowering the stress level. And also the natural
environment can help too from workplaces. And also you can reduce stress in your
life by nurturing yourself. If regularly make time for fun and relaxation, you will be
a better place to handle life s stressors. For example, my aunt have a therapy dog and
she been complaining lately that she stress up and her blood pressure high. So one
day, she went to see her doctor and he told her to relaxed and be taking exercises.
Since that day, she and her dog been going for walk. And now she s relax

Pope Pius XII s Neutrality Essay
Is it possible for a Pope to be infallible? When one looks at events, such as the
Holocaust, the answer of this question becomes twofold. Were Pope Pius XII s
actions an attempt to save the Catholic Church from persecutions or were they a
lack of understanding of Hitler s ethnic cleansing? Nearly six million Jews were
slaughtered during the Holocaust, and when the world became aware of the mass
murders that were taking place in Europe, World War II became a moral obligation
rather than a fight for power. The Allied powers, Nazi resistance group, and even
some Catholic groups invaded Germany to not only save Jews, but also to force the
Nazis out of power in Germany. Surprisingly, the Vatican did not assist these
resistance groups.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If the BVP could be diminished, the Nazi Party would be able to grow and
eventually gain complete control of Germany. By 1937, the German government
violated the Reich Concordat of 1933. Pius XI, with help from Cardinal Michael
Faulhaber and editing by Pacelli, wrote Mit Brennender Sorge, an encyclical read
to all German churches on Palm Sunday of 1937 in response to the German
violations (Sanchez 17). This encyclical objected to the German government abuse
of the Reich Concordat and criticized the Nazi doctrines of racism and statism (Mit
Brennender). There were no further actions made regarding Germany s infraction of
the agreement. Two years later and just before the outbreak of World War II, in
February 1939, Pope Pius XI died. Cardinal Pacelli was then elected Pope and
became Pope Pius XII. Due to his previous anti Nazi ideals, the future Allied powers
were confident that Pius XII would fully support their part in WWII; however, Pope
Pius XII would remain neutral throughout the war (Sanchez 17). At the beginning of
his papacy, Pius XII told Vatican officials that to me the German question is the most
important; I will reserve handling it to myself. He added, Naturally I will follow
German matters closer than all others (Phayer 44). Pius XII hoped that remaining
neutral in the war would evade battles in Vatican City. At

Visual Merchandising in Line with Apparel, Book and
Shoe...
Index Preface Acknowledgements Index Visual merchandising: Overview Indian
Scenario Current scenario/Components Lifestyle Store Crossword Store ShoeMart
Store Visual Merchandising: Observation Study Recommendation Visual
Merchandising: Overview Visual Merchandising (VM) is the art of presentation,
which puts the merchandise in focus and in perspective too. It educates the
customers, creates desire and finally augments the selling process. This is a nascent
stage for the Indian retail industry; therefore a professional program on Visual
Merchandising will go a long way in... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In a world where we can find identical merchandise in more than one store, layout
and presentation become key differentiating factors. Create Your Store for Your
Target Customer You can have the most unique, creative and different store on the
planet, but if doesn t conform to what your customers want and expect, then it is of
no value. Retail has always been, and will always be, about the consumer. Your
entire store concept must be built around your target customer. Succeed at
satisfying this shopper and you win the game. Build and design a store that looks
beautiful but doesn t fit the marketplace and the only people who will be happy are
the architect and contractors. Take a Strategic Approach Unfortunately, the days
of running a traditional Ma and Pa operation, lacking any real business
sophistication, are long gone. A haphazard approach to store layout generates less
than desired results. You must squeeze every ounce of potential out of your store
to make it a winner. How you present your store is a very strategic part of your
business. In order to position every item in its proper location, you must have a far
more detailed plan than the usual It was the only place left available, so that s
where it ended up! Give your best selling merchandise the most favourable display
areas in your store. There s no point in making the job of selling products any more

Victorian Era Women
During the Victorian era most Victorians had a strong belief in romantic love. It
definitely was not a normal for people to sleep with one another before they were
married. Younger women were generally expected to remain a virgin until they
were married. Sometimes even though two people were married, it was not because
they were in love. The upper and middle class women were monitored, and were
never left alone with any of the young men. Romance for the Victorians could be a
dramatic and dangerous affair according to newspaper articles of the Victorian time
era. During the Victorian eraQueen Elizabeth reigned. The Victorian period was a
time in which many different changes in England took place. At this time England
was finally considered... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If a man were to meet a lady that he wished to become better acquainted with, he
had to find a mutual friend between the two of them so that the mutual friend could
introduce him. During the Victorian time period flirting was permitted at most
social events. Some flirting techniques during the Victorian time period included
the use of various personal accessories such as fans, parasols, and gloves to relay
messages of interest or disinterest. Once a man and woman are formally introduced,
a gentlemen was allowed to offer to walk a young woman home by presenting her
with a card that asked if he could be her escort. The woman would then present a
card to the gentlemen giving him her answer. During an evening a woman could
collect many cards from different gentlemen but the one that she prefers the most
would get a card from her and this meant that she had accepted his offer to be
escorted home. Even during the walk home the gentlemen and the woman had to
walk apart from one another. A gentlemen was only allowed to offer a woman his
hand while walking over rough spots. This was the only contact that they could have
with one another since the woman was not his

The Input Learner Learners Forward Throughout...
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION
Input is what drives language acquisition ... Without input, language acquisition
cannot happen because it contains the linguistic information, or data, needed for a
learner s second language system to develop over time (p. 627). ... In order to
acquire a language successfully, learners must connect (or map) a wide range of
linguistic forms to their meanings (Barcroft Wong, p. 635).
The Research Problem The question of what in the input guides learners forward
throughout interlanguage development (Young Scholten Piske, 2009) has fueled
empirical investigations in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) for decades. Such
interest over the strength of second language (L2) input gets transpired into a variety
of research ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ellis, 2002). In contrast, the extent to which input exposure may qualify as
meaningful has remained somewhat an under explored territory until recently .
Despite the surge of theoretical (e.g., Andersen, 1983) and empirical (e.g., Shirai
Andersen, 1991) research on how meaning gets encoded through learners use of L2
forms on the output end, there exist significantly fewer such studies on the input end.
One plausible explanation for this discrepancy is: L2 input is often assumed to
mirror the target language in every way by default, including the discourse contexts
and distributional patterns involved. Whether this holds true empirically, and if so,
to what degree, is still an open question. How does meaning get encoded through L2
forms in the input, and where does frequency of occurrence come into the picture?
More importantly, how might meaning (in)consistencies in the input and the
corresponding frequency effects be gauged collectively? Given the weight of
meaning in determining L2 input strength, I will first review how conception over
the role of meaning in L2 acquisition has evolved over the years, focusing on how it
relates to L2 forms in the input where appropriate. Ultimately, it will be shown that
meaning impacts the use of L2 forms at both the local level of morphosyntax, as well
as the more global level of discourse functions. An adequate account

Essay English Spm. Spm 2015 English Paper 1 Sample Answer

Essay English Spm. Spm 2015 English Paper 1 Sample Answer

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