ESR
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This document outlines a module on erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The module is part of a general physiology course for medical laboratory technology students. It will teach students how to perform ESR, packed cell volume, and blood cell function tests. Specifically, the module will cover the principle and mechanism of erythrocyte sedimentation, factors affecting ESR, methods for estimating ESR, the clinical significance of ESR, and sources of error in the ESR test. The module contents include ESR tubes and abnormalities.
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The document discusses the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) test, which is a common screening test for inflammation. ESR measures how fast red blood cells settle in a tube, which increases when inflammatory proteins like fibrinogen cause the cells to stick together and form stacks. While non-specific, ESR is inexpensive and widely available, making it a useful initial screening test or tool to monitor treatment response. The document provides details on how to perform the test, normal ranges, factors that impact results, and examples of conditions where ESR may be elevated.
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
1. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) measures the rate at which red blood cells settle in a tube of blood over one hour. It is a non-specific test used to detect inflammation.
2. ESR works by fibrinogen proteins adhering to red blood cells, neutralizing their negative charge and allowing them to stick together and fall faster as rouleaux. Conditions with elevated fibrinogen like infection, inflammation, and malignancy increase ESR.
3. ESR is measured using the Westergreen, Wintrobe, or automated methods. The Westergreen method is the reference standard. ESR values are interpreted based on age, sex and clinical context.
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The document discusses the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), a common medical test. It defines ESR as the rate at which erythrocytes settle in an hour. There are several methods to measure ESR, including the Westergren and Wintrobe methods. The Westergren method uses a specially designed tube to measure settlement in millimeters after one hour. ESR can be increased in infections, inflammation, and cancers or decreased in anemias and other blood abnormalities. Normal ranges are 0-10 mm for men and 0-20 mm for women and children.
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1. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) measures the rate at which red blood cells settle in a tube of blood over one hour. It is a non-specific test used to detect inflammation.
2. ESR works by fibrinogen proteins adhering to red blood cells, neutralizing their negative charge and allowing them to stick together and fall faster as rouleaux. Conditions with elevated fibrinogen like infection, inflammation, and malignancy increase ESR.
3. ESR is measured using the Westergreen, Wintrobe, or automated methods. The Westergreen method is the reference standard. ESR values are interpreted based on age, sex and clinical context.
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
The document discusses the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), a common medical test. It defines ESR as the rate at which erythrocytes settle in an hour. There are several methods to measure ESR, including the Westergren and Wintrobe methods. The Westergren method uses a specially designed tube to measure settlement in millimeters after one hour. ESR can be increased in infections, inflammation, and cancers or decreased in anemias and other blood abnormalities. Normal ranges are 0-10 mm for men and 0-20 mm for women and children.
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1) This document provides information about estimating uric acid levels including the normal ranges and clinical significance. It describes the enzymatic colorimetric method used which involves uricase cleaving uric acid and producing a quinonemine dye that is measured photometrically.
2) Elevated uric acid can cause gout and is associated with increased production or decreased excretion, while low levels can be caused by decreased enzyme activity or various acquired disorders and medications.
3) The estimation involves incubating serum, plasma or urine samples with reagents containing uricase, peroxidase and other compounds to produce a dye, then measuring absorbance and calculating concentration against a standard.
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (esr)
The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a non-specific screening test used to indicate inflammation. There are two methods to determine ESR - Westergren and Wintrobe, with Westergren being most widely used. The ESR test measures how far red blood cells fall in a vertical tube over one hour, and an increased rate can indicate conditions involving inflammation like kidney disease, pregnancy, rheumatoid arthritis, and infections. Precise procedure and standardization of factors like anticoagulant used and tube filling are required to obtain an accurate ESR result.
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Esr
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Esr
The document discusses the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), including its definition, history, factors that influence it, normal values, and methods of measurement such as the Westergren and Wintrobe methods. It also describes the zeta sedimentation ratio (ZSR) and its advantages over traditional ESR measurement, such as being unaffected by anemia. The clinical significance of ESR is that it can help follow the course of disease, establish prognosis, and support diagnoses, though it is a non-specific test.
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
This document discusses the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) test, including the objectives, principle, mechanism, factors affecting ESR, clinical significance, and methods of estimating ESR. ESR is a non-specific test that measures how far red blood cells fall in one hour, indicating inflammation. The rate depends on factors that promote or resist sedimentation and is affected by physiological conditions and test variables. An increased ESR may indicate infection, inflammation or disease while a decreased ESR can occur in certain blood disorders. Common estimation methods include Wintrobe's, Westergren's and automated techniques.
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Estimation of uric acid levels in blood
1) This document provides information about estimating uric acid levels including the normal ranges and clinical significance. It describes the enzymatic colorimetric method used which involves uricase cleaving uric acid and producing a quinonemine dye that is measured photometrically.
2) Elevated uric acid can cause gout and is associated with increased production or decreased excretion, while low levels can be caused by decreased enzyme activity or various acquired disorders and medications.
3) The estimation involves incubating serum, plasma or urine samples with reagents containing uricase, peroxidase and other compounds to produce a dye, then measuring absorbance and calculating concentration against a standard.
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Esr
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The prothrombin time (PT) test measures the time it takes for plasma to clot after the addition of tissue factor and calcium chloride. This indicates the efficiency of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. The test involves warming citrated plasma to 37°C, mixing it with tissue thromboplastin and calcium chloride, then timing clot formation. An abnormally prolonged PT suggests deficiencies in factors II, V, VII, or X, vitamin K deficiency, liver disease, or anticoagulant therapy. Sources of error include improper blood collection, reagents, tubes, or water bath temperature.
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This document discusses the determination of red blood cell indices including packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). It describes the macrohematocrit or Wintrobe tube method for determining PCV which involves centrifuging a blood sample and measuring the ratio of packed red cells to total blood volume. Formulas are provided for calculating MCV from PCV and RBC count, MCH from hemoglobin and RBC count, and MCHC from hemoglobin and PCV. Normal ranges are listed for each index.
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It is fluid which is present
in the pericardial cavity of
heart b/w parietal pericardium n visceral pericardium.
The pericardial cavity is a
potential space lined by
mesothelium of the visceral n parietal pericardium.
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51_Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and its applications.pdf
This course provides an in-depth understanding of the fundamentals, applications, and future trends of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of medical lab technology. It covers the role of AI in clinical lab diagnostics, predictive analysis, big data interpretation, precision medicine, and ethical considerations in AI deployment. Through case studies, students will gain practical insights into the use of AI in healthcare.
Created by: Mr. Attuluri Vamsi Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of MLT, UIAHS, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab. For more details website: https://www.mltmaster.com
53_MLT Internship.pdf
This Medical Lab Technology Internship syllabus is intended to provide students with the opportunity to apply and enhance their knowledge and skills in the context of real-world laboratory settings. Over the course of six months, interns will gain hands-on experience in essential and advanced laboratory techniques, laboratory safety practices, quality assurance processes, and professional and ethical considerations in the field. Through practical learning and critical examination of case studies, students will emerge better prepared for their careers as Medical Lab Technologists.
Created by: Mr. Attuluri Vamsi Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of MLT, UIAHS, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab. For more details website: https://www.mltmaster.com
48_Blood Bank and Genetics.pdf
This course aims to provide students with an in-depth understanding of blood banking, including the concepts of blood grouping, compatibility testing for transfusion, and the management of blood resources. It also delves into the fundamental principles of genetics, focusing on inheritance patterns, chromosomal basis of inheritance, and the role of DNA and RNA in protein synthesis. Through practical exercises, students will gain hands-on experience on various techniques used in blood banking and genetics.
Created by: Mr. Attuluri Vamsi Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of MLT, UIAHS, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab. For more details website: https://www.mltmaster.com
47_Medical Mycology and Virology.pdf
This course in "Virology and Mycology" (701) is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the medically important fungi and viruses. The content includes an introduction, general characteristics, life cycle, laboratory diagnosis, and the various techniques used in the identification and study of these microbes. This course will also equip students with practical skills, from preparing culture media to processing clinical samples for diagnosis.
Created by: Mr. Attuluri Vamsi Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of MLT, UIAHS, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab. For more details website: https://www.mltmaster.com
50_Research methodology and Biostatistics.pdf
This syllabus covers the foundational aspects of Research Methodology and Biostatistics. The course is designed to equip students with the necessary understanding and skills to formulate research problems, address ethical considerations, design research studies, comprehend the basic concepts of Biostatistics, and understand the relationship between data and variables. The aim is to enhance the students' ability to construct, summarize, and analyze data in biostatistics effectively.
Created by: Mr. Attuluri Vamsi Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of MLT, UIAHS, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab. For more details website: https://www.mltmaster.com
46_Clinical Laboratory Visit - V.pdf
This course is designed to provide Medical Lab Technology students with a comprehensive understanding of the medical microbiology laboratory's operation. It starts with foundational knowledge in laboratory safety, equipment, and microbial classification and then advances to diagnostic microbiology techniques, immunology, and serology. Lastly, it explores more sophisticated lab procedures such as molecular diagnostics, virology, and recent trends in the field. Each unit comes with real-life case studies to further reinforce the application of theoretical knowledge.
Created by: Mr. Attuluri Vamsi Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of MLT, UIAHS, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab. For more details website: https://www.mltmaster.com
44_Program Elective course - III (Introduction to NABL).pdf
This course provides an in-depth understanding of the National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) accreditation process, its quality management system (QMS), and the practical aspects of implementing the NABL standards. The course includes an analysis of case studies to enhance the understanding of real-world applications of the NABL accreditation process.
Created by: Mr. Attuluri Vamsi Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of MLT, UIAHS, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab. For more details website: https://www.mltmaster.com
49_Immunopathology and Molecular Biology.pdf
This course aims to provide students with an in-depth understanding of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, with a focus on the immune system's role in health and disease, transplantation immunology, hypersensitivity, autoimmunity, and immune tolerance. Additionally, it introduces molecular biology, DNA structure, and replication, with practical applications of molecular techniques such as PCR, gel electrophoresis, and western blotting.
Created by: Mr. Attuluri Vamsi Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of MLT, UIAHS, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab. For more details website: https://www.mltmaster.com
41_Applied Clinical Biochemistry – II.pdf
This course, Applied Clinical Biochemistry- II, is designed to impart in-depth knowledge about the techniques and methods used in clinical biochemistry. The curriculum focuses on automation in clinical biochemistry, methods of estimation and assessment, enzyme principles and estimation, gastric analysis, renal function tests, qualitative tests, and chemical examination. The students will engage in practical applications of these concepts through hands-on experimentation.
Created by: Mr. Attuluri Vamsi Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of MLT, UIAHS, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab. For more details website: https://www.mltmaster.com
45_Program Elective course - III (Laboratory and Hospital information syste...
The elective course "Hospital Information System and Laboratory Information System" aims to provide medical lab technology students with a comprehensive understanding of the design, implementation, and usage of health and laboratory information systems in the healthcare sector. It emphasizes the significance of these systems in ensuring effective patient care, data interoperability, and the integration of various systems for optimized healthcare delivery.
Created by: Mr. Attuluri Vamsi Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of MLT, UIAHS, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab. For more details website: https://www.mltmaster.com
43_Program Elective course - III (Community medicine).pdf
This syllabus covers the principles and applications of Community Medicine and Epidemiology. Students will gain a comprehensive understanding of community health, disease control, health promotion, and the role of medical social work. They will apply knowledge to real-world case studies, fostering skills in critical analysis, problem-solving, and ethical decision-making.
Created by: Mr. Attuluri Vamsi Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of MLT, UIAHS, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab. For more details website: https://www.mltmaster.com
42_Cytopathology.pdf
This course aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the field of Cytopathology. It begins with the basics of cryostat sectioning and enzyme cytochemistry, proceeding towards an in-depth study of cytological investigations, including vital staining and aspiration cytology. The course then focuses on advanced topics like exfoliative cytology, automation in cytology, liquid-based cytology, and immune-cytochemistry. Finally, it allows students to apply their theoretical knowledge to practical applications and master various techniques and staining methods used in a Cytology lab.
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Build Trust and Security:
Establish a safe and supportive environment where children feel comfortable expressing themselves.
Encourage Expression:
Enable children to articulate their thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
Promote Emotional Understanding:
Help children identify and understand their own emotions and the emotions of others.
Enhance Listening Skills:
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Foster Positive Relationships:
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Support Learning and Development:
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Here is a summary of Pneumothorax:
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ESR
- 1. Module-2 Topic name ERYTHROCYTE SEDEMENTATION RATE ESR Sub code: BMLT1002 Sub Name: General physiology – (T) Department: Department of MLT, SMAS Faculty: A. Vamsi Kumar Designation : Assistant professor
- 3. Reference
- 4. Course outcomes On completion of this course, the student can be able to: • Perform ESR, PCV, & Teach blood cell functions
- 5. Learning outcomes On completion of this course, the student can be able to: • What is ESR? • Explain the principle of erythrocyte sedimentation. • Discuss mechanism of ESR? • What are the factors affecting ESR? • What are methods of estimating ESR? • What is the clinical significance of ESR? • What are the source of error while doing the test?
- 6. Contents „
- 11. ESR tubes