In this study a favorable relationship between Lawn mower, environment and the operator’s comfort is examined. An anthropometric survey was conducted to determine the anthropometric data in order to reduce stresses of the lawn mower operators in Rivers State, Nigeria. To achieve this, measurements of randomly selected 10 mower operators within ages of 21 to 45 including students both males and females were taken and the parameters were analyzed. The results of the 5th and 9th percentile were discussed. The average age of operator was 38 years, body weight was 67 kg, functional leg height was 846 mm, Arm reach length was 558 mm and Chest expansion was 380 mm. The average comfort rating from 10 points scales for 5th and 95th percentile were 8.3 and 9.1 respectively for comfortable operations. These values when strictly adhered to by the designer will ensure comfort ability and reduce physical stress of lawn mower operators
1. The document describes the design of a solar-powered paddy harvester to address issues with traditional manual harvesting such as labor shortages and high costs.
2. The proposed harvester uses a solar panel to charge a battery that powers a DC motor turning a circular blade at high speeds to cut crops. It is designed to be affordable for small farmers and easy to operate.
3. An evaluation of the harvester found that it fulfilled its objectives of being simple, compact, efficient and low-cost while testing showed it performed harvesting functions as expected.
IRJET- A Review on Design and Development of Coconut Deshelling MachineIRJET Journal
The document reviews several designs for coconut de-shelling machines. It summarizes 7 different designs:
1. A machine with two cutters mounted on a shared shaft with gear drive that can de-shell 300 coconuts per hour.
2. A power-operated machine that can de-shell 200 nuts or 400 cups per batch in 4 minutes, 4 times faster than manual methods.
3. A semi-automatic young coconut cutting machine that can cut 480 fruits per hour at a cost of $2.63 per 1000 fruits.
4. A motorized groundnut sheller that can shell 78% of nuts and has a throughput of 345.4kg per hour.
TECHNICAL INNOVATIONS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: THE CASE OF A HUMAN-POWERED F...IAEME Publication
There are several electric blenders available in the market today which uses
electric motor to drive a blade in order to blend food items, but product availability
and reliability are important factors for sustainability. A human-power blender uses
alternative power generation sources to operate the blender. Having highlighted
areas of possible applications of human powered machines, the aim of this work is to
design a manually operated blender which has an efficient operation. In this design,
the electrical components of a typical blender are replaced by a gear train system
designed to multiply human efforts for maximum efficiency. The driving mechanisms
of this blender are gears and shafts which were cast and machined respectively. When
tested, the blades of the blender were able to achieve speeds that were 8 times more
than the input speed
Study on Discomfort in Mobile Crane OperationIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on discomfort experienced by mobile crane operators. The study found that operators experience high rates of musculoskeletal discomfort in the neck, shoulders, and lower back. Operator discomfort was associated with poor cabin ergonomics. Twenty operators from 7 different crane models were observed. Most operators reported neck discomfort from needing to closely observe loads, followed by shoulder and lower back discomfort. Discomfort levels varied by crane model. The study concluded that crane cabins need improvement to reduce musculoskeletal disorders in operators by modifying cabin characteristics to enhance safety and health.
Testing and ergonomically evaluation of tractor mounted and self mounted coco...eSAT Publishing House
This summary provides an overview of the key points from the document:
1. The document discusses the development and testing of a Tractor Mounted and Self Propelled Coconut Climber (TMSPCC) to improve the efficiency of coconut harvesting over traditional manual climbing methods.
2. Ergonomic evaluations were conducted to assess the physiological cost, safety, and ease of operation of the TMSPCC compared to manual climbing. Heart rate, oxygen consumption, and discomfort levels were measured for operators of both methods.
3. Testing results found the TMSPCC to be safer and less physically demanding for operators compared to manual climbing. It was able to harvest 100-120 coconut trees per day
IRJET- Power Generation using GYM EquipmentIRJET Journal
This document proposes a system to generate electricity from human power using gym equipment. The system uses a rack and pinion mechanism to convert the reciprocating motion of a pull-up/pull-down gym machine into rotational motion. A chain drive increases the rotational speed, which turns an alternator to produce electricity. The alternator charges a battery, which can power small appliances. The system aims to utilize otherwise wasted human energy during workouts and provide a renewable source of electricity.
Design and Development of Two in One Foldable Stretcher Cum Wheel ChairIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a two-in-one foldable stretcher and wheelchair. It was developed to reduce mobility problems for patients by allowing them to be transported between a stretcher and wheelchair without needing to be moved. The design consists of three rectangular couches connected by adjustable joints to allow folding into different configurations. It is made of stainless steel for durability and ease of cleaning. Dimensions were based on anthropometric data from Indian standards to suit the needs of patients. Analysis showed the initial concept design was unbalanced, so a revised concept using a square steel pipe in the middle for added support was developed. The final product aims to improve patient transport and mobility at a lower cost than conventional stretchcher and
IRJET- Safety Enhancement in Vehicle Design to Prevent Neck Injury Due to Rea...IRJET Journal
1) The document describes a study that uses finite element analysis to simulate rear impact crashes and predict whiplash injuries in order to enhance vehicle seat design safety.
2) Three seat models were designed and simulated - without a headrest, with a basic headrest, and with a taller headrest. The simulation integrated a crash dummy model and subjected it to rear impact conditions.
3) The results showed reduced neck displacement and acceleration with each design modification, indicating less risk of whiplash injury. Increasing the headrest height was the most effective at limiting dangerous neck motion during rear impact.
1. The document describes the design of a solar-powered paddy harvester to address issues with traditional manual harvesting such as labor shortages and high costs.
2. The proposed harvester uses a solar panel to charge a battery that powers a DC motor turning a circular blade at high speeds to cut crops. It is designed to be affordable for small farmers and easy to operate.
3. An evaluation of the harvester found that it fulfilled its objectives of being simple, compact, efficient and low-cost while testing showed it performed harvesting functions as expected.
IRJET- A Review on Design and Development of Coconut Deshelling MachineIRJET Journal
The document reviews several designs for coconut de-shelling machines. It summarizes 7 different designs:
1. A machine with two cutters mounted on a shared shaft with gear drive that can de-shell 300 coconuts per hour.
2. A power-operated machine that can de-shell 200 nuts or 400 cups per batch in 4 minutes, 4 times faster than manual methods.
3. A semi-automatic young coconut cutting machine that can cut 480 fruits per hour at a cost of $2.63 per 1000 fruits.
4. A motorized groundnut sheller that can shell 78% of nuts and has a throughput of 345.4kg per hour.
TECHNICAL INNOVATIONS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: THE CASE OF A HUMAN-POWERED F...IAEME Publication
There are several electric blenders available in the market today which uses
electric motor to drive a blade in order to blend food items, but product availability
and reliability are important factors for sustainability. A human-power blender uses
alternative power generation sources to operate the blender. Having highlighted
areas of possible applications of human powered machines, the aim of this work is to
design a manually operated blender which has an efficient operation. In this design,
the electrical components of a typical blender are replaced by a gear train system
designed to multiply human efforts for maximum efficiency. The driving mechanisms
of this blender are gears and shafts which were cast and machined respectively. When
tested, the blades of the blender were able to achieve speeds that were 8 times more
than the input speed
Study on Discomfort in Mobile Crane OperationIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on discomfort experienced by mobile crane operators. The study found that operators experience high rates of musculoskeletal discomfort in the neck, shoulders, and lower back. Operator discomfort was associated with poor cabin ergonomics. Twenty operators from 7 different crane models were observed. Most operators reported neck discomfort from needing to closely observe loads, followed by shoulder and lower back discomfort. Discomfort levels varied by crane model. The study concluded that crane cabins need improvement to reduce musculoskeletal disorders in operators by modifying cabin characteristics to enhance safety and health.
Testing and ergonomically evaluation of tractor mounted and self mounted coco...eSAT Publishing House
This summary provides an overview of the key points from the document:
1. The document discusses the development and testing of a Tractor Mounted and Self Propelled Coconut Climber (TMSPCC) to improve the efficiency of coconut harvesting over traditional manual climbing methods.
2. Ergonomic evaluations were conducted to assess the physiological cost, safety, and ease of operation of the TMSPCC compared to manual climbing. Heart rate, oxygen consumption, and discomfort levels were measured for operators of both methods.
3. Testing results found the TMSPCC to be safer and less physically demanding for operators compared to manual climbing. It was able to harvest 100-120 coconut trees per day
IRJET- Power Generation using GYM EquipmentIRJET Journal
This document proposes a system to generate electricity from human power using gym equipment. The system uses a rack and pinion mechanism to convert the reciprocating motion of a pull-up/pull-down gym machine into rotational motion. A chain drive increases the rotational speed, which turns an alternator to produce electricity. The alternator charges a battery, which can power small appliances. The system aims to utilize otherwise wasted human energy during workouts and provide a renewable source of electricity.
Design and Development of Two in One Foldable Stretcher Cum Wheel ChairIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a two-in-one foldable stretcher and wheelchair. It was developed to reduce mobility problems for patients by allowing them to be transported between a stretcher and wheelchair without needing to be moved. The design consists of three rectangular couches connected by adjustable joints to allow folding into different configurations. It is made of stainless steel for durability and ease of cleaning. Dimensions were based on anthropometric data from Indian standards to suit the needs of patients. Analysis showed the initial concept design was unbalanced, so a revised concept using a square steel pipe in the middle for added support was developed. The final product aims to improve patient transport and mobility at a lower cost than conventional stretchcher and
IRJET- Safety Enhancement in Vehicle Design to Prevent Neck Injury Due to Rea...IRJET Journal
1) The document describes a study that uses finite element analysis to simulate rear impact crashes and predict whiplash injuries in order to enhance vehicle seat design safety.
2) Three seat models were designed and simulated - without a headrest, with a basic headrest, and with a taller headrest. The simulation integrated a crash dummy model and subjected it to rear impact conditions.
3) The results showed reduced neck displacement and acceleration with each design modification, indicating less risk of whiplash injury. Increasing the headrest height was the most effective at limiting dangerous neck motion during rear impact.
This document reviews various methods that have been developed to control wheelchairs. It begins by discussing preliminary studies on wheelchair interfaces and needs of elderly users. It then categorizes the different control methods that have been proposed, including hand control using gloves or joysticks, voice control, hybrid control combining multiple inputs, and control methods for users with reduced strength. The document also examines powered wheelchairs, communication-based control using technologies like Bluetooth, and stair-climbing wheelchairs. Finally, it briefly discusses some tests that have been conducted to evaluate wheelchair control interfaces and stability.
Optimization of Agriculture Tractor Seat Vibration Using Passive Suspension S...ijtsrd
Operators of agricultural tractor perform various tasks at work that expose them to a variety of risk factors. During their work, agricultural tractor operators are exposed to different negative influences, due to which vibrations are especially harmful. Long term exposure of tractor driver to vibrations induced by agricultural tractor operations may lead to various health problems. It is widely recognised that agricultural tractor operators are exposed to high level of whole body vibration WBV during specific farm operations. WBV may leads to Low back Pain LBP and spinal cord related diseases, therefore the objective of the study is to reduce the level of ride vibrations experienced by tractor seats appear to be necessary and some possible methods of achieving significant improvements. In the present study, The vibration transmitted through the seat of a four wheel drive tractor equipped with front suspension axle and shock absorber for the implement, were measured using OR34 2, 4 Channel FFT analyser and then analysed in terms of root mean square RMS accelerations according to the ISO standard. Several tests were conducted in different conditions considering the type of operation harrowing, ploughing and cultivating at different road conditions on road, sugarcane field and flat field with two different running speeds. Then we developed a new suspension system for tractors seat using spring and dampers to reduce the vibration energy and frequencies up to a suitable range for the operator. The vehicle dynamics model of tractor with tandem suspension is modelled and simulated in analysis software ANSYS and optimize the parameters of the seat to achieve rms acceleration in the range of -˜Health guidance caution zone’ HGCZ so that it gives the ride comfort for the operator. Prof. G. N. Kadam | Yashwant A. Deshmukh "Optimization of Agriculture Tractor Seat Vibration Using Passive Suspension System and Modelling and Simulating in Ansys" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45092.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/45092/optimization-of-agriculture-tractor-seat-vibration-using-passive-suspension-system-and-modelling-and-simulating-in-ansys/prof-g-n-kadam
Role of Biomedical Technologies in Prosthetics and OrthoticsRohan Gupta
The document discusses biomedical technologies that help people who are unable to stand, walk, run, or hold objects on their own. It outlines technologies like prosthetic limbs, orthoses, functional electrical stimulation, microprocessor-controlled limbs, and powered wheelchairs that improve mobility and independence. Emerging areas discussed include osseointegration, artificial intelligence, thought-controlled prosthetics, 3D printing, soft wearable robots, and biosensors that will continue to advance assistive technologies. The author concludes that such advances in prosthetics and orthotics not only help individuals but also strengthen society by enabling more people to contribute.
DESIGNING AND MANUFACTURING OF “FOOT OPERATED STEERING” FOR DISABLED PEOPLEIAEME Publication
Transportation has become an integral part of people’s everyday life. At certain times, in large countries like India, people are forced to travel more than 200 km from their work place to their place of residence. People with disabilities in lower extremities and hands have difficulties in travelling and cannot travel these long distances. They use devices such as wheel chair, crutches and artificial limbs for mobility. These however cannot be used for long distance outdoor transportation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to design and fabricate ‘Foot operated system’ for armless people.
This document discusses a whiplash protection system designed to reduce injuries from rear-end collisions. It begins with an overview of whiplash injuries, which occur when the head is quickly jerked back and forth during a rear impact. It then describes the Whiplash Protection System (WHIPS) developed by Volvo, which controls the motion of the seat back and head restraint during a collision to limit movement of the head. The system has two phases - an initial sinking motion followed by a controlled rearward motion. It also discusses reactive head restraints that move forward on impact to "catch" the head. In conclusion, the WHIPS and active head restraints effectively reduce whiplash injuries by controlling differential motion between the
Low Cost Self-assistive Voice Controlled Technology for Disabled PeopleIJMER
The document describes a proposed voice-controlled wheelchair and home automation system for disabled individuals. The system uses a microcontroller connected to a voice recognition module to recognize spoken commands. The commands control the motion of an electric wheelchair and operation of home appliances like lights. The system was tested for accuracy of wheelchair motion and home appliance control in response to voice commands, achieving 80% accuracy in a silent environment. The goal is to allow disabled people to control a wheelchair and home devices independently using only their voice.
Review paper on “Various aspects of Weeders for Economical Cultivation”IJMER
This document provides a review of various aspects of weeders for economical crop cultivation. It discusses the challenges of manual weeding, including the high labor costs that account for 33% of total cultivation costs. Various weeding equipment, materials, and methods are analyzed, including their advantages and limitations. Key points made include the need for ergonomic design, adjustability, durability, and low cost. The summary discusses improving weeder efficiency while reducing farmer fatigue and expenses.
The document describes the design and evaluation of a corn sheller machine. It discusses how existing corn de-husking methods are not effective for small Indian farmers. The designed machine uses a DC motor to rotate sharp cutting blades that remove corn kernels from cobs as they are fed through. An evaluation of the machine found it was able to shell 20kg of corn in under 3 minutes with a threshing efficiency of 78.93% and separation efficiency of 56.06%. The machine was concluded to satisfactorily shell corn and could process about 1 tonne per 9 hour shift, providing an innovative solution for efficient corn processing by small Indian farmers.
Design and Simulation of Multipurpose AutomatorIRJET Journal
1. The document describes the design and simulation of a multipurpose automator device. The automator is intended to be attached to wheelchairs and small carts to help power their movement and reduce strain on users.
2. Key calculations are shown for determining the necessary motor torque and battery capacity based on the expected load of a wheelchair or cart. Dimensions are also analyzed from real wheelchairs.
3. The proposed design involves a chassis with a handle, perpendicular support arm, and wheel plate that can be detachably fixed to wheelchairs and carts using an adjustable fixture frame. This is intended to allow independent mobility while reducing physical demands.
Design and Analysis of Universal Reaper Machineijtsrd
In today's scenario, many research's are been done in the agriculture field and there is also a wide scope for more advancement in the technology. So therefore our objective is to design and fabricate agricultural reaper machine which would be used for cutting various crops like wheat, rice, etc. The reaper machine is being designed to compensate the increasing demand of workers for harvesting of crops. The machine would cover a large area and will require a person for handling. The CAD model is being prepared in SOLIDWORKS 2018 considering AA 6063 tubes. In this machine 4 wheels are been used. And considering various loads and forces the analysis of the machine has been done. The FEA has been done on SOLIDWORKS 2018 Software. Sachin Kumar Sharma | Gautam Kumar | Saurabh Awasthi | Prashant | Vivek Tyagi | Vineet Pal | Saurabh "Design and Analysis of Universal Reaper Machine" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31590.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/31590/design-and-analysis-of-universal-reaper-machine/sachin-kumar-sharma
Design and Development of Humanscale Wheelchair Cum StretcherIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and development of a wheelchair that can convert into a stretcher. Three undergraduate students and a professor designed the device using PRO-E software. Their goals were to create a more affordable and adjustable wheelchair that eliminates issues with transferring patients between wheelchairs and stretchers. Key features of the design include easy conversion between the wheelchair and stretcher modes using mechanisms. Analysis in the software focused on strength, weight, and stability. The design was meant to improve patient handling and comfort while reducing space needs and risks of damage during transfers.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET- Cleaning Mechanism for Cylindrical TankIRJET Journal
The document describes the development of a mechanical cleaning system for cylindrical water tanks. The system uses a threaded shaft that provides both rotational and linear motion. Brushes are mounted on the threaded shaft to clean the interior surfaces of the tank as it rotates and moves up and down. Water is also pumped through the system via pipes and a pump to aid in the cleaning process. The system aims to reduce human labor for tank cleaning by providing an automated mechanical solution. It analyzes existing tank cleaning methods and designs a prototype using components like a GI pipe, bearings, pulleys, an induction motor and threaded shaft to power rotational and translational brush movement for effective interior surface cleaning of cylindrical tanks.
Design and Fabrication of a Recreational Human-Powered Vehicleinventionjournals
This document summarizes the design and fabrication of a human-powered recreational vehicle. The vehicle was designed with a recumbent seat, 1.5m wheelbase, and 1m track width. CAD software was used to design the frame, drivetrain, and fairing. Finite element analysis showed a safety factor above 1.5. Standard parts like the seat, pedals, wheels and tires were used, with custom parts like the frame and hub fabricated from mild steel. Testing showed the vehicle functioned well and safely for human power. The goal of designing and fabricating a functional prototype using available off-the-shelf parts was achieved.
Fabrication of Multi-Purpose Variable Length Plucking/Cutting MachineIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and fabrication of a multi-purpose variable length plucking/cutting machine. The machine consists of multiple hollow cylinders that slide inside one another via a pulley system powered by an electric motor, allowing the device to extend to different heights. A high speed motor powers a multi-point cutting tool mounted on the top cylinder to cut branches or pluck coconuts from trees. The machine is mounted on a wheeled framework for portability between trees. It aims to provide a safer and more efficient alternative to manually climbing trees and harvesting crops.
IRJET-Design And Development Of Sugar Cane Sprout Cutter Machine By Human Pow...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a sugar cane sprout cutter machine powered by human energy. The machine uses a pedal-operated flywheel motor concept to store human power and then supply it intermittently to cut sprouts. The design includes a chain drive system to transfer power from the pedals to the flywheel and then to cutting components. Analysis is provided for gear ratios, shaft sizes, and forces. The human-powered flywheel motor concept could power rural agricultural machines and provide employment while avoiding reliance on electricity. The proposed sugar cane cutting machine would be affordable and help farmers without requiring fuel or large threshing equipment.
Design And Development Of Sugar Cane Sprout Cutter Machine By Human Powered F...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a sugar cane sprout cutter machine powered by human energy. The machine uses a pedal-operated flywheel motor concept to store human power and then supply it intermittently to cut sprouts. The design includes a chain drive system to transfer power from the pedals to the flywheel and then to cutting components. Analysis is provided for gear ratios, shaft sizes, and forces. The human-powered design could provide an affordable option for small farmers compared to electric machines. It aims to reduce labor while preventing damage to sprouts during cutting.
Review on Design and Development of Pesticide Sprayer For Arecanut TreeIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and development of pesticide sprayers for arecanut trees. It provides background on the need for such sprayers given the risks of manually climbing tall trees. It then reviews 19 previous studies on developing devices for climbing arecanut trees and spraying pesticides. These studies used various mechanisms like mechanical linkages, springs, and electronics. The document proposes developing a simple, low-cost, robust device that does not require climbing trees or external power. It concludes more work is needed to address challenges and develop effective pesticide sprayers for arecanut farmers.
IRJET- Development and Application of Rotorcraft -Unmanned Aerial VehicleIRJET Journal
This document describes the development and application of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for spraying pesticides on crops. Specifically:
1. The UAV was designed with a rotorcraft frame and sprinkling system to spray pesticides at low weight.
2. Components like batteries, motors, propellers, and a flight controller were selected to provide stability and control.
3. The UAV is intended to reduce labor needs for spraying by farmers and avoid health issues from manual spraying. It can spray pesticides evenly and efficiently over large crop areas.
4. Testing showed the UAV design with aluminum and ABS materials met requirements for stiffness, strength and low weight to carry a 2000g payload for
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Cocoa Pod Splitting and Bean Extraction ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a cocoa pod splitting and bean extraction machine. It aims to simplify the process of removing beans from cocoa pods, which is currently done manually requiring significant human labor. The machine was designed to be operated manually, constructed from locally available materials to keep costs low, and easy to assemble/disassemble so it can be shared among farmers. Components of the machine like the frame, bearing, spring, and cutting/extracting tools are modeled. The working mechanism involves placing the cocoa pod in a holder, using the handle to cut open the pod with a knife, then pressing the handle to push a tool that extracts the beans. The design of a spring used in the machine is also detailed. The
IRJET-Production of Hybrid Aluminium Matrix Composite with Welding Slag and F...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a multi-purpose tooling machine. The machine allows five operations - drilling, shaping, cutting, buffing, and grinding - to be performed simultaneously using a single machine. This is more efficient than separate machines for each operation as it saves space, time, and costs for industries. The machine uses a belt drive system connected to pulleys and bevel gears to transfer power from an electric motor to shafts that drive the various tools. A scotch yoke mechanism is also used to convert rotational motion to reciprocating motion for shaping. The machine aims to improve productivity while reducing production costs for industries.
Study of Fabrication of Multipurpose Tooling MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a multi-purpose tooling machine. The machine allows five operations - drilling, shaping, cutting, buffing, and grinding - to be performed simultaneously using a single machine. This is more efficient than separate machines for each operation as it saves space, time, and costs for industries. The machine uses a belt drive system connected to pulleys and bevel gears to transfer power from an electric motor to shafts that drive the various tools. A scotch yoke mechanism is also used to convert rotational motion to reciprocating motion for shaping. The machine aims to improve productivity while reducing production costs for industries.
This document reviews various methods that have been developed to control wheelchairs. It begins by discussing preliminary studies on wheelchair interfaces and needs of elderly users. It then categorizes the different control methods that have been proposed, including hand control using gloves or joysticks, voice control, hybrid control combining multiple inputs, and control methods for users with reduced strength. The document also examines powered wheelchairs, communication-based control using technologies like Bluetooth, and stair-climbing wheelchairs. Finally, it briefly discusses some tests that have been conducted to evaluate wheelchair control interfaces and stability.
Optimization of Agriculture Tractor Seat Vibration Using Passive Suspension S...ijtsrd
Operators of agricultural tractor perform various tasks at work that expose them to a variety of risk factors. During their work, agricultural tractor operators are exposed to different negative influences, due to which vibrations are especially harmful. Long term exposure of tractor driver to vibrations induced by agricultural tractor operations may lead to various health problems. It is widely recognised that agricultural tractor operators are exposed to high level of whole body vibration WBV during specific farm operations. WBV may leads to Low back Pain LBP and spinal cord related diseases, therefore the objective of the study is to reduce the level of ride vibrations experienced by tractor seats appear to be necessary and some possible methods of achieving significant improvements. In the present study, The vibration transmitted through the seat of a four wheel drive tractor equipped with front suspension axle and shock absorber for the implement, were measured using OR34 2, 4 Channel FFT analyser and then analysed in terms of root mean square RMS accelerations according to the ISO standard. Several tests were conducted in different conditions considering the type of operation harrowing, ploughing and cultivating at different road conditions on road, sugarcane field and flat field with two different running speeds. Then we developed a new suspension system for tractors seat using spring and dampers to reduce the vibration energy and frequencies up to a suitable range for the operator. The vehicle dynamics model of tractor with tandem suspension is modelled and simulated in analysis software ANSYS and optimize the parameters of the seat to achieve rms acceleration in the range of -˜Health guidance caution zone’ HGCZ so that it gives the ride comfort for the operator. Prof. G. N. Kadam | Yashwant A. Deshmukh "Optimization of Agriculture Tractor Seat Vibration Using Passive Suspension System and Modelling and Simulating in Ansys" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45092.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/45092/optimization-of-agriculture-tractor-seat-vibration-using-passive-suspension-system-and-modelling-and-simulating-in-ansys/prof-g-n-kadam
Role of Biomedical Technologies in Prosthetics and OrthoticsRohan Gupta
The document discusses biomedical technologies that help people who are unable to stand, walk, run, or hold objects on their own. It outlines technologies like prosthetic limbs, orthoses, functional electrical stimulation, microprocessor-controlled limbs, and powered wheelchairs that improve mobility and independence. Emerging areas discussed include osseointegration, artificial intelligence, thought-controlled prosthetics, 3D printing, soft wearable robots, and biosensors that will continue to advance assistive technologies. The author concludes that such advances in prosthetics and orthotics not only help individuals but also strengthen society by enabling more people to contribute.
DESIGNING AND MANUFACTURING OF “FOOT OPERATED STEERING” FOR DISABLED PEOPLEIAEME Publication
Transportation has become an integral part of people’s everyday life. At certain times, in large countries like India, people are forced to travel more than 200 km from their work place to their place of residence. People with disabilities in lower extremities and hands have difficulties in travelling and cannot travel these long distances. They use devices such as wheel chair, crutches and artificial limbs for mobility. These however cannot be used for long distance outdoor transportation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to design and fabricate ‘Foot operated system’ for armless people.
This document discusses a whiplash protection system designed to reduce injuries from rear-end collisions. It begins with an overview of whiplash injuries, which occur when the head is quickly jerked back and forth during a rear impact. It then describes the Whiplash Protection System (WHIPS) developed by Volvo, which controls the motion of the seat back and head restraint during a collision to limit movement of the head. The system has two phases - an initial sinking motion followed by a controlled rearward motion. It also discusses reactive head restraints that move forward on impact to "catch" the head. In conclusion, the WHIPS and active head restraints effectively reduce whiplash injuries by controlling differential motion between the
Low Cost Self-assistive Voice Controlled Technology for Disabled PeopleIJMER
The document describes a proposed voice-controlled wheelchair and home automation system for disabled individuals. The system uses a microcontroller connected to a voice recognition module to recognize spoken commands. The commands control the motion of an electric wheelchair and operation of home appliances like lights. The system was tested for accuracy of wheelchair motion and home appliance control in response to voice commands, achieving 80% accuracy in a silent environment. The goal is to allow disabled people to control a wheelchair and home devices independently using only their voice.
Review paper on “Various aspects of Weeders for Economical Cultivation”IJMER
This document provides a review of various aspects of weeders for economical crop cultivation. It discusses the challenges of manual weeding, including the high labor costs that account for 33% of total cultivation costs. Various weeding equipment, materials, and methods are analyzed, including their advantages and limitations. Key points made include the need for ergonomic design, adjustability, durability, and low cost. The summary discusses improving weeder efficiency while reducing farmer fatigue and expenses.
The document describes the design and evaluation of a corn sheller machine. It discusses how existing corn de-husking methods are not effective for small Indian farmers. The designed machine uses a DC motor to rotate sharp cutting blades that remove corn kernels from cobs as they are fed through. An evaluation of the machine found it was able to shell 20kg of corn in under 3 minutes with a threshing efficiency of 78.93% and separation efficiency of 56.06%. The machine was concluded to satisfactorily shell corn and could process about 1 tonne per 9 hour shift, providing an innovative solution for efficient corn processing by small Indian farmers.
Design and Simulation of Multipurpose AutomatorIRJET Journal
1. The document describes the design and simulation of a multipurpose automator device. The automator is intended to be attached to wheelchairs and small carts to help power their movement and reduce strain on users.
2. Key calculations are shown for determining the necessary motor torque and battery capacity based on the expected load of a wheelchair or cart. Dimensions are also analyzed from real wheelchairs.
3. The proposed design involves a chassis with a handle, perpendicular support arm, and wheel plate that can be detachably fixed to wheelchairs and carts using an adjustable fixture frame. This is intended to allow independent mobility while reducing physical demands.
Design and Analysis of Universal Reaper Machineijtsrd
In today's scenario, many research's are been done in the agriculture field and there is also a wide scope for more advancement in the technology. So therefore our objective is to design and fabricate agricultural reaper machine which would be used for cutting various crops like wheat, rice, etc. The reaper machine is being designed to compensate the increasing demand of workers for harvesting of crops. The machine would cover a large area and will require a person for handling. The CAD model is being prepared in SOLIDWORKS 2018 considering AA 6063 tubes. In this machine 4 wheels are been used. And considering various loads and forces the analysis of the machine has been done. The FEA has been done on SOLIDWORKS 2018 Software. Sachin Kumar Sharma | Gautam Kumar | Saurabh Awasthi | Prashant | Vivek Tyagi | Vineet Pal | Saurabh "Design and Analysis of Universal Reaper Machine" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31590.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/31590/design-and-analysis-of-universal-reaper-machine/sachin-kumar-sharma
Design and Development of Humanscale Wheelchair Cum StretcherIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and development of a wheelchair that can convert into a stretcher. Three undergraduate students and a professor designed the device using PRO-E software. Their goals were to create a more affordable and adjustable wheelchair that eliminates issues with transferring patients between wheelchairs and stretchers. Key features of the design include easy conversion between the wheelchair and stretcher modes using mechanisms. Analysis in the software focused on strength, weight, and stability. The design was meant to improve patient handling and comfort while reducing space needs and risks of damage during transfers.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET- Cleaning Mechanism for Cylindrical TankIRJET Journal
The document describes the development of a mechanical cleaning system for cylindrical water tanks. The system uses a threaded shaft that provides both rotational and linear motion. Brushes are mounted on the threaded shaft to clean the interior surfaces of the tank as it rotates and moves up and down. Water is also pumped through the system via pipes and a pump to aid in the cleaning process. The system aims to reduce human labor for tank cleaning by providing an automated mechanical solution. It analyzes existing tank cleaning methods and designs a prototype using components like a GI pipe, bearings, pulleys, an induction motor and threaded shaft to power rotational and translational brush movement for effective interior surface cleaning of cylindrical tanks.
Design and Fabrication of a Recreational Human-Powered Vehicleinventionjournals
This document summarizes the design and fabrication of a human-powered recreational vehicle. The vehicle was designed with a recumbent seat, 1.5m wheelbase, and 1m track width. CAD software was used to design the frame, drivetrain, and fairing. Finite element analysis showed a safety factor above 1.5. Standard parts like the seat, pedals, wheels and tires were used, with custom parts like the frame and hub fabricated from mild steel. Testing showed the vehicle functioned well and safely for human power. The goal of designing and fabricating a functional prototype using available off-the-shelf parts was achieved.
Fabrication of Multi-Purpose Variable Length Plucking/Cutting MachineIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and fabrication of a multi-purpose variable length plucking/cutting machine. The machine consists of multiple hollow cylinders that slide inside one another via a pulley system powered by an electric motor, allowing the device to extend to different heights. A high speed motor powers a multi-point cutting tool mounted on the top cylinder to cut branches or pluck coconuts from trees. The machine is mounted on a wheeled framework for portability between trees. It aims to provide a safer and more efficient alternative to manually climbing trees and harvesting crops.
IRJET-Design And Development Of Sugar Cane Sprout Cutter Machine By Human Pow...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a sugar cane sprout cutter machine powered by human energy. The machine uses a pedal-operated flywheel motor concept to store human power and then supply it intermittently to cut sprouts. The design includes a chain drive system to transfer power from the pedals to the flywheel and then to cutting components. Analysis is provided for gear ratios, shaft sizes, and forces. The human-powered flywheel motor concept could power rural agricultural machines and provide employment while avoiding reliance on electricity. The proposed sugar cane cutting machine would be affordable and help farmers without requiring fuel or large threshing equipment.
Design And Development Of Sugar Cane Sprout Cutter Machine By Human Powered F...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a sugar cane sprout cutter machine powered by human energy. The machine uses a pedal-operated flywheel motor concept to store human power and then supply it intermittently to cut sprouts. The design includes a chain drive system to transfer power from the pedals to the flywheel and then to cutting components. Analysis is provided for gear ratios, shaft sizes, and forces. The human-powered design could provide an affordable option for small farmers compared to electric machines. It aims to reduce labor while preventing damage to sprouts during cutting.
Review on Design and Development of Pesticide Sprayer For Arecanut TreeIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and development of pesticide sprayers for arecanut trees. It provides background on the need for such sprayers given the risks of manually climbing tall trees. It then reviews 19 previous studies on developing devices for climbing arecanut trees and spraying pesticides. These studies used various mechanisms like mechanical linkages, springs, and electronics. The document proposes developing a simple, low-cost, robust device that does not require climbing trees or external power. It concludes more work is needed to address challenges and develop effective pesticide sprayers for arecanut farmers.
IRJET- Development and Application of Rotorcraft -Unmanned Aerial VehicleIRJET Journal
This document describes the development and application of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for spraying pesticides on crops. Specifically:
1. The UAV was designed with a rotorcraft frame and sprinkling system to spray pesticides at low weight.
2. Components like batteries, motors, propellers, and a flight controller were selected to provide stability and control.
3. The UAV is intended to reduce labor needs for spraying by farmers and avoid health issues from manual spraying. It can spray pesticides evenly and efficiently over large crop areas.
4. Testing showed the UAV design with aluminum and ABS materials met requirements for stiffness, strength and low weight to carry a 2000g payload for
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Cocoa Pod Splitting and Bean Extraction ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a cocoa pod splitting and bean extraction machine. It aims to simplify the process of removing beans from cocoa pods, which is currently done manually requiring significant human labor. The machine was designed to be operated manually, constructed from locally available materials to keep costs low, and easy to assemble/disassemble so it can be shared among farmers. Components of the machine like the frame, bearing, spring, and cutting/extracting tools are modeled. The working mechanism involves placing the cocoa pod in a holder, using the handle to cut open the pod with a knife, then pressing the handle to push a tool that extracts the beans. The design of a spring used in the machine is also detailed. The
IRJET-Production of Hybrid Aluminium Matrix Composite with Welding Slag and F...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a multi-purpose tooling machine. The machine allows five operations - drilling, shaping, cutting, buffing, and grinding - to be performed simultaneously using a single machine. This is more efficient than separate machines for each operation as it saves space, time, and costs for industries. The machine uses a belt drive system connected to pulleys and bevel gears to transfer power from an electric motor to shafts that drive the various tools. A scotch yoke mechanism is also used to convert rotational motion to reciprocating motion for shaping. The machine aims to improve productivity while reducing production costs for industries.
Study of Fabrication of Multipurpose Tooling MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a multi-purpose tooling machine. The machine allows five operations - drilling, shaping, cutting, buffing, and grinding - to be performed simultaneously using a single machine. This is more efficient than separate machines for each operation as it saves space, time, and costs for industries. The machine uses a belt drive system connected to pulleys and bevel gears to transfer power from an electric motor to shafts that drive the various tools. A scotch yoke mechanism is also used to convert rotational motion to reciprocating motion for shaping. The machine aims to improve productivity while reducing production costs for industries.
This document describes the design, analysis, and performance evaluation of a mechanical gyrator vehicle. A mechanical gyrator is a three-wheeled vehicle with two large outer wheels and an inner frame that can oscillate. The document outlines the subsystems of the gyrator such as the wheels, chassis, transmission, seat, and electrical system. It discusses the material selection, modeling, and analysis done to optimize the design. The goal was to develop an efficient personal transportation vehicle for disabled individuals that is stable, easy to operate, and has a low turning radius.
Design, analysis and performance evaluation of a mechanical gyratorIjrdt Journal
The project focuses on the development of an efficient and safe system for navigation for disabled people. Such a system should enable the user to control with minimum effort and should be stable in all practical situations. A gyrator is neither a motorcycle nor a four wheeler. It is a vehicle made up of an inner frame which is encompassed and supported by two large coaxially aligned wheels. The inner frame is supported by a common axle as a result, is free to oscillate back and forth relative to outer wheels. The inherent instability has limited its potential as a commercially available vehicle. But by reducing this oscillation to an optimum value by incorporating internal braking, we could make a very stable navigation system. In order to achieve motion, a shift in the centre of gravity of the inner frame is required. Two independent electric motors provide the driving torque to gearbox which drives the large outer wheels. This unique design gives the vehicle a clear advantage over conventional 4wheeled and 2wheeled vehicles as it has zero turning radius. Key word:- Inflation Pressure, Pressure switch ,Pressure guage, Solenoid control valve, DC Compressor.
The document describes a multipurpose agricultural robot designed by students to improve efficiency in agricultural tasks. The robot can perform multiple functions including plowing, seeding, fertilizing and watering using a single device. It is powered by both battery and solar panels. The robot aims to reduce labor costs and challenges around water access and labor availability. It allows a farmer to remotely operate and monitor the robot from a distance. The students designed the robot with the goal of automating common agricultural operations in a single efficient machine.
Automated Wheelchair Convertible Stretcher – A ReviewIRJET Journal
The document reviews the design of a wheelchair that can convert into a stretcher, which would help patients more easily move between a wheelchair and medical bed. It discusses past designs that use mechanisms, electronics, hydraulics, or pneumatics to enable the conversion. The authors suggest developing a new mechanism-based design that is low-cost, easy to use, requires little maintenance, and improves patient comfort when converting between wheelchair and stretcher.
Similar to ERGONOMIC EVALUATION OF LAWN MOWER OPERATION FOR COMFORT IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
2. S. O. Nkakini and Ndor. M. Vurasi
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 44 editor@iaeme.com
are determined and evaluated. A lawn mower is a mechanical device that uses
revolving blade or blades to share a lawn at an even length. Lawn mower which
employs a blade that rotates about a vertical axis are known as rotary mower, while
those employing blades assembly and rotate about a horizontal axis are known as
cylindrical or reel mowers.
In the Niger Delta region, there is incessant rainfall leading to fast growing tall
grasses which tends to keep our environments bushy, dirty and unhygienic [1]. This
adversely affects farmers and inhabitants of the envirous and is exposed to the danger
of reptiles and mosquitoes breeding in our environment.
The lawn mower mostly used in cutting grasses and aesthetics of our residential
environments, has its ergonomics consideration focused on health, safety and comfort
of the operators which leads to effectiveness and efficiency in mowing operations.
Considering the ergonomic point of view of a mower, it is imperative to initially study
the functionability, stress and risk free implement. This becomes a proper procedure
to evaluating the discomfort, injuries and other inconveniences that might be caused
to the operators leading to extreme danger to the operators.
Lawns clearing operation is done in gardens and the surroundings to ensure
environmental sustainability and cleanliness. Manual lawn clearing operation involves
the use of axes, machetes, brush hooks, power saws, sickle, which seems boring,
cumbersome, stressful and most times inflate injuries to the operator. This manual
grass cutting method is expensive, more time and energy expended.
The first designed lawn mower was the mechanical type, based on cutting tools
used for uniform trimming of carpets [2]. It was a reel-type mower that had series of
blades arranged in cylindrical form. He further reported that various kinds of mowers
such as engine powered, gasoline and steam-powered lawn mower operated with
petrol and paraffin as fuel were earlier manufactured by designers. Most rotary push
mowers are powered by internal combustion engines, of two or four-stroke cycle
engines with petrol or other liquid fuels. Their powers range from 2–7 hp (1.5–6.75
KW). Their engines are usually carbureted and required a manual pull crank to start,
though some models had electric starters. An engine powered lawn mower, was
designed and fabricated by Okoro [3] a research student, but did not consider
ergonomically factors for operators comfort. Study had shown that some mowers
produce the some amounts of pollutants which were four times the amount from a car
per hour. A significant noise pollution causing hearing loss if used without ear
protection was generated from mowers.
Hansson [4] stated that man-machine relationship must be studied using
anthropometric and ergonomic principles to improve efficiency of machine, reduce
risks and enhance operator’s comfort as cited by Nkakini [5]. McCormick [6]
discovered that poorly designed operating arm and leg of machines contributes to
muscle fatigue and discomfort in operation. Yiljep [7] revealed that in Nigeria, most
of the simple agricultural machines and equipment are produced by artisans and do
not consider anthropometric data in their design and fabrication.
It is imperative to know that poor posture and tool design can increase the
discomfort of both the healthy and less fit individuals [8]. It is essential that working
equipment be designed ergonomically and be user friendly, if the health, safety, well
being and improvement in the quality of work life and higher productivity be ensured
[9]. Several researchers, like Mishra et al. [10] had stated that the ergonomically
improved sickle resulted in higher field capacity than simple sickle because of less
required pushing force and reduction in drudgery by using serrated sickle. The
3. Ergonomic Evaluation of Lawn Mower Operation for Comfort in Rivers State, Nigeria
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 45 editor@iaeme.com
prevention or control of vibration in machine is an important ergonomic consideration
against ill-health of mower operator. He further stated that fluctuating stresses by
vibration also caused fatigue failure [11].
The use of manual cutlasses and other locally manufactured implements is not
only inefficient but very tedious, strenuous, time consuming and low output which
causes delay in handling large area of land [12]. Furthermore, the users of these
implements are often exposed to arm pains, muscular disorder and blisters on their
palms being caused during the operational exercise. Many are prone to backache as a
result of bending for a long time.
In an attempt to proffer solution to these problems ergonomic design
consideration becomes necessary. Thus, the ergonomic evaluation of Lawn Mowers
was carried out, taken cognizance of anthropometry of the human body. However,
Mganilwa et al [13] as cited by Nkakini et al [14] stated that anthropometry is
basically the listing of data and information due to variation in human body sizes,
weights, strength and shapes. Weights and statures were taken because they form a set
of useful basic body descriptions allowing the data set to be compared to others [15].
To proffer solutions to remedy the problems associated with the operators of the
Lawn mower, ergonomics considerations of the operators were considered.
Subsequently, in an article by Carlos [2] it was stated that the use of ergonomics
techniques avoid misleading in the machine operations, facilitates its maintenance and
improves the safety and security of its operator. Lawn maintenances remain the most
important constrains to keeping a clean and fresh looking gardens and environments.
In view of the literatures reviewed, it is clear that much has not been done to
ascertain ergonomic or comfort considerations of the lawn mowers operator especially
the locally fabricated mowers.
Thus, the objective of this research is to evaluate human factors, comfort, safety
and efficiency of the lawn mower operator.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Site selection: The experimental test was conducted at the field between Faculty of
Engineering car park and ICT, Rivers State University of Science and Technology,
Port Harcourt.
Description of Lawn Mower : The engine powered Lawn Mower used for this
research consists of the following functional parts: The Frame, Mower pan, Engine,
Rotary blade, Drive wheels ,Chassis, Axle, Cutting depth adjuster, Handle bar
Frame: The Frame is a supportive component to the pan which has a lifting screw for
adjustment and other parts are fastened to it. It is made of cast aluminum sheet or
plate. It is designed to withstand different working conditions of vibration, stress and
other hazard during operation.
The Mower pan: The Pan of the mower serves as the housing to the rotary blades. It
protects sand, grass and other impediments from having contact with the operator
during operation.
The Engine: The engine supplies power required to drive the machine. It is of small
horse power rating due to the small nature of the machine.
Rotary blade: The main function of the blade is to cut the grasses. However, the size
and cutting efficiency of the mower depends on the blade quality.
Drive wheel: The mower consists of 4-wheels arranged in order of two rear and two
front wheels of various sizes which makes mobility easy during operation. It protects
4. S. O. Nkakini and Ndor. M. Vurasi
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sand, grass and other impediments from having contact with the operator during
operation.
Axle: The axle consists of front and rear axles that support the wheel for movement.
Cutting depth adjuster: The Cutting depth adjuster made adjustment either by
increasing or decreasing the depth of cut of the machine. It operates with the principle
of screw jack and it is made up of pipe and screw device.
Handle bar: This is made up of pipe and serves as component where the operator
places his hands and directs the machine to his desired direction. Its inclination is in
accordance to operators’ position during operation.
Test procedures: An anthropometric and ergonomic data were obtained from 10
randomly selected people males and females in the Department of
Agric/Environmental Engineering and campus lawn mower operators. The ages were
selected at random ranging from 21 – 45 years. The type of grasses grown and the
average height of grasses population were noted. Times of operation were recorded
before and after the exercise. An area of 50 m × 25 m was mapped on this field. Lawn
mowing operation was carried out by each of the participating operators involved in
the procedure [16]. The instruments used to carry out the field test are: Engine
powered Lawn Mower, Measuring tapes, Bathroom scale. Plate 1, shows the engine
powered Lawn Mower used for the field experiment.
Plate 1 Field operation of the Lawn Mower
Figure 1 shows the body dimensions of selected Anthropometric variables. The
anthropometric measurements of operators include: 1)Standing height (mm), 2) Chest
expansion (mm), 3) Arm reach (mm), 4)Functional leg height (mm), 5) Body weight
(kg), and Age (yr),
5. Ergonomic Evaluation of Lawn Mower Operation for Comfort in Rivers State, Nigeria
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At the end of the operation, each of the operators gave information concerning
comfort rating within the range 0 to 10 i.e. uncomfortable to very comfortable rating.
Based on their comfort ratings the comfort scale –10point scale was obtained from the
answers given by the operators
Figure 1 Body dimensions of selected Anthropometric variables.
Figure 2 shows the components of the Lawn mower which are as follows: (1)
handle bar (2) drive wheel (3) engine (4) rotary blade (5) mower pan (6) depth
adjuster
5
4
6
2
3
1
Figure 2 Experimental Lawn Mower
Statistical Analysis: The data were statistically analyzed using arithmetic mean and
percentile calculations.
Arithmetic Mean 11
1
1
1
1 xf
n
f
f
n
i
n
i
X
∑
∑
∑ ==
−
=×=
where;
6. S. O. Nkakini and Ndor. M. Vurasi
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X
−
= Mean Notation
n = Total Frequency
1x = The class mid-point
1f = Frequency of the ith class
Percentile
−+= 11
1
11
100
PF
fP
N
LP
where
1L = The LCB of the ith percentile class
F1 P1 = Cumulative frequency immediately before the ith percentile class
N = Total frequency
1fP = Frequency in the ith percentile class
2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
To evaluate the lawn mower through ergonomic point of view, 10 respondents in the
age group of 21- 45 years were selected at random and average age of the respondents
engaged in the mowing operations was 31 years, standing height 1510 mm, body
weight 169 kg, chest expansion 375 mm, arm reach length 607 mm and functional leg
height 849 mm, respectively(Table 1). Table 1, depicts the anthropometric data for the
operators, in respect to their ages and various anthropometric parameters.
Table 1 Shows anthropometric parameters for the operators
Number
of persons
(n)
Age
(yr)
Standing
height
(mm)
Body
weight
(kg)
Chest
expansion
(mm)
Arm
reach
length
(mm)
Functional leg
height (mm)
1 34 1650 550 300 620 900
2 41 1520 630 420 600 870
3 30 1300 60 350 550 760
4 21 1340 50 270 550 750
5 45 1600 70 440 600 900
6 27 1500 55 380 640 850
7 24 1350 65 420 500 700
8 29 1450 68 320 650 830
9 28 1800 69 450 740 1050
10 32 1590 75 400 620 880
Mean 31 1510 169 375 607 849
Table 2 shows the average percentile for all the operators’ ages and their
dimensional elements. The average percentile of operators’ ages was 38 years,
measured standing height 1614 mm, body weight 67 kg, functional leg height 846
mm, arm length 558 mm and chest expansion 380 mm.
7. Ergonomic Evaluation of Lawn Mower Operation for Comfort in Rivers State, Nigeria
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Table 2 Anthropometric data showing 5th, 50th and 95th Percentile for lawn mower
operators.
Table 3 shows the difference between 5th and 95th percentile of the dimensional
element as age 2 years, body weight 20 kg, functional leg height 20 mm, arm length
120 mm, chest expansion 100 mm and that of standing height 60 mm.
Table 3 Shows differences between 5th and 95th Percentile
Dimensional Elements
5th
Percentile
95th
Percentile
Difference Between 5th
and 9th Percentile
Age (yr) 35 33 2
Body Weight(kg) 55.5 75.5 20
Functional Leg Height (mm) 900.5 880.5 20
Arm Reach Length (mm) 620.5 500.5 120
Chest Expansion (mm) 300.5 400.5 100
Standing Height (mm) 1650.5 1590.5 60
Comfort rating: At the end of each operation, operators were asked on their
respective feeling (otherwise known as comfort rating) within the range of 0 to 10
point scale (uncomfortable to very comfortable), of their individual reactions to
handle bar, drive wheel and depth adjuster. Based on this comfort rating, the comfort
scale -10 point scale was obtained from the answers given by the operators.
Table 4, describes basically the average 5th and 95th percentile to be 8.3 and 9.1
respectively on 10 points scale operation. It is also shown on the table average
difference between 95th
and 5th
percentiles as 0.8. Operators’ anthropometric
parameters were obtained and analyzed for average 5th, 50th and 95th percentile
distribution.
Table 4 Comfort Rating values for Lawn operation control at 10 points scale
Dimensional elements
Value of 5th
Percentile
Value of
50th
Percentile
Value of
95th
Percentile
Diff. between 95th
and 5th Percentile
Handle bar 8.5 9.0 9.5 1.0
Drive wheel 8.5 9.0 9.5 1.0
Depth adjuster 8.0 8.0 8.5 0.5
Average 8.3 8.6 9.1 0.8
The ergonomic parameters for the lawn mower are indicated in Table 5, and all
the functional values are in millimeters (mm) and the weight in (kg). The study of
Dimensional Elements
Value of
5th
Percentile
Value of 50th
Percentile
Value of
95th
Percentile
Average
Percentile
Age (Yr) 34.5 46 32.5 38
Standing Height (mm) 1650.5 1601 1590.5 1614
Body Weight (Kg) 55.5 71 75.5 67
Functional Leg Height (mm) 900.5 756 880.5 846
Arm Reach Length (mm) 620.5 552 500.5 558
Chest Expansion (mm) 300.5 441 400.5 380
8. S. O. Nkakini and Ndor. M. Vurasi
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ergonomics in the design and manufacture of the lawn mower has fostered the
required knowledge in man-lawn mower relationship (MLR). Also the ergonomic
data for the functional parts of experimental lawn mower were obtained and found
suitable for design of lawn mower for operator’s comfort.
Table 5 Ergonomic data for lawn mower functional parts
Dimensional Element Ergonomic specification
Length of Handle bar (mm) 7500
Length of Mower pan (mm) 6000
Width of Mower pan (mm) 4500
Weight of the Mower (kg) 60
The results shown indicate that ergonomic should be part of the design and
development process of the mower in order to ensure safety, comfort and optimize
performance efficiency.
4. CONCLUSION
This study reveals that the data obtained be used for design of a lawn mower. This is
to reduce physical and mental stresses and improve comfort in operation. The results
obtained indicated that average percentile operators’ age 38 years, body weight 67 kg,
functional leg height 846 mm, arm reach length 558 mm, chest expansion 380 mm
and standing height 1614 mm. In conducting the experiment, it was observed that the
engine was over loaded as a result of tall grasses being common in the south-south
deltaic terrain of the country where there is incessant rainfall. An investigation in this
study proved that lawn mower operators experienced discomfort on their shoulders,
necks, backs (spinal cord) and in their kneels, during operation. To ensure efficiency,
the mower should be designed based on these values obtained.
5. REFERENCES
[1] Goel, A. K., Behera, B. K., Mohanty, S. K. and Nanda, S. K. Development and
Ergonomic Evaluation of Manually Operated Weeder for dryland crops,
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[2] Carlos, B. (2009). The Importance of ergonomics in machine design [online].
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March, 2011.
[3] Okoro, K. Development of locally fabricated engine powered lawn mower.
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[7] Yiljep, Y. D. Characterization of Major Agricultural Tools Manufacturing
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[8] Alka, S., Gautam, U.S., Rajesh, Singh and Dinesh, P.. Ergonomic study of farm
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[10] Mishra, R., Singh, Y. P., Singh, S. and Singh, H. Dissemination of improved
sickles for Female Agricultural workers for crop Harvesting. Technofame, 2(1),:
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[11] Odukoya, P. (2006). Machinery, noise and vibration for Engineers. Machinery
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[12] Ojha, T. P. and Michael, A. M.. Principles of Agricultural Engineering Vol. 1,
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[13] Mganilwa, Z. M., Mpanduyi, S. M., Makungu, P. J. and Dihrnga, H. O.
Promoting Local production of Small Multipurpose Tractors in Tanzania,
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July 17, 2003, pp. 136–137.
[14] Nkakini, S. O., Akor, A. J. and Zibokere, D. S.. Development of ergonomics data
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[15] Onuoha, S. N., Okafor, M. C. and Odum, O..Anthropometry dimensions and
protective wears for foot and head: A case study of selected Polytechnic students
in the South Zone of Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Engineering and
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[16] Yadev, R. and Pund, S. Development and ergonomic evaluation of manual
weeder. Agricultural Engineering International, CIGR e-journal, IX, October,
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