Data modeling is a process used to define and analyze data requirements needed to support the business processes within the scope of corresponding information systems in organizations.
Data modeling is a process used to define and analyze data requirements needed to support the business processes within the scope of corresponding information systems in organizations.
An Entity–relationship model (ER model) describes the structure of a database with the help of a diagram, which is known as Entity Relationship Diagram (ER Diagram). An ER model is a design or blueprint of a database that can later be implemented as a database. The main components of E-R model are: entity set and relationship set
● Data Modeling and Data Models.
● Business Rules (Translating Business Rules into Data Model Components).
● Emerging Data Models: Big Data and NoSQL.
● Degrees of Data Abstraction (External, Conceptual, Internal and Physical model).
An Entity–relationship model (ER model) describes the structure of a database with the help of a diagram, which is known as Entity Relationship Diagram (ER Diagram). An ER model is a design or blueprint of a database that can later be implemented as a database. The main components of E-R model are: entity set and relationship set
● Data Modeling and Data Models.
● Business Rules (Translating Business Rules into Data Model Components).
● Emerging Data Models: Big Data and NoSQL.
● Degrees of Data Abstraction (External, Conceptual, Internal and Physical model).
This documentation have all the details about school management system, even in this document have DFD,ERD,FDD digram that are useful to create database. to get more details about this product plz mail me on (aki_string@yahoo.co.in) thanks.....
Vanson Bourne Data Summary: Shadow IT - BDMsVanson Bourne
Shadow IT - the commissioning and sourcing of core IT products and services by departments other than IT - has been used across organisations for some time, but it is only now that IT decision makers are beginning to fully appreciate the extent of it. It is a way of working that is increasingly becoming the norm for business departments, who are independently deploying solutions with increasing frequency, despite the risks that may be involved.
IT departments must now adapt if they want to retain some element of control over the way technology is utilised within their organisations. We surveyed 200 business decision makers in organisations with more than 1,000 employees, in both the UK and the US.
1. introduction
2. data
3. dbms
4.uses of dbms
5. purpose of dbms
6. types of dbms
7. er-model
8. how to build a dbms
9.description of table in dbms
10. terminology in a dbms
11. advantages
12. disadvantages
Fundamentals of database system - Data Modeling Using the Entity-Relationshi...Mustafa Kamel Mohammadi
In this chapter you will learn
Relational data model concepts
What is entity?
What is attribute and it’s types
What is relationship?
What is an Entity-Relationship data model?
Relational data model constraints
Characteristics of relation
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. To be discussed:-
Entity
Attribute
Types of Attribute
Relationship
ER Diagram Representation
Generalization
Specialization
Inheritance
Codd’s 12 Rule
Relational Data Model
ER Model to Relational Model
3. Entity
An entity can be a real-world object, either
animate or inanimate, that can be easily
identifiable. Example : School Database
Teachers
Students
Classes
Courses offered
Entity set
An entity set is a collection of similar types of
entities. An entity set may contain entities
with attribute sharing similar values.
4. Attributes
Entities are represented by means of their properties,
called attributes. All attributes have
values. Example : Student :- Name, Class, Age
Types of Attributes
Simple attribute − Simple attributes are atomic
values, which cannot be divided further. For
example, a student's phone number is an atomic
value of 10 digits.
Composite attribute − example, a student's
complete name may have first_name and
last_name.
5. Types of Attributes Continue…..
Derived attribute − example, average_salary in a
department should not be saved directly in the database,
instead it can be derived.
For another example, age can be derived from
data_of_birth.
Single-value attribute − Single-value attributes contain
single value. example −: Social_Security_Number.
Multi-value attribute − Multi-value attributes may contain
more than one values.
Example: a person can have more than one phone
number, email_address, etc.
6. Relationship
The association among entities is called
relationship.
Ex: Employee works_at department
Ex: Student enrolls in a course
Relationship Set
A set of relationships of similar type is called a
relationship set. Like entities, a relationship too
can have attributes. These attributes are
called descriptive attributes.
7. Mapping cardinalities
Cardinality defines the number of entities in
one entity set, which can be associated with
the number of entities of other set via
relationship set.
One to one
One to many
Many to one
Many to many
14. ER Diagram Representation Continue…
Multivalued
Studen
t
Nam
e
Roll
Birth_Dat
e
Last
First
Phone_No
15. ER Diagram Representation Continue…
Derived
Studen
t
Nam
e
Roll
Birth_Dat
e
Last
First
Phone_No
Age
16. ER Diagram Representation Continue…
Relationship
Binary Relationship and Cardinality
When two entities participate in a relationship then it
is called Binary Relationship.
Cardinality is the number of instance of an entity from
a relation that can be associated with the relation.
17. ER Diagram Representation Continue…
One to One (1:1)
1 1
Example : Person – Passport
Student – Roll-No
Relationshi
p EntityEntity
18. ER Diagram Representation Continue…
One to Many (1:N)
1 N
Example : Mother- Children
Student - Address
Relationshi
p EntityEntity
19. ER Diagram Representation Continue…
Many to One (N:1)
N 1
Example : Students - Teacher
Relationshi
p EntityEntity
20. ER Diagram Representation Continue…
Many to One (M:N)
M N
Example : - Books - Authors
Relationshi
p EntityEntity
21. ER Diagram Representation Continue…
Participation Constraint
Total participation Partial participation
Relationshi
p EntityEntity
22. The ER Model has the power of expressing
database entities in a conceptual hierarchical
manner. As the hierarchy goes up, it generalizes
the view of entities, and as we go deep in the
hierarchy, it gives us the detail of every entity
included.
Going up in this structure is called Generalization
Reverse is called Specialization
Generalization and Specialization
26. Relational Data Model
Relational data model is the primary data model,
which is used widely around the world for data
storage and processing.
Concepts
Touple
Relation Instance
Relation Schema
Relation key
Attribute domain
28. Key Constraints ….
Key constraints force that −
in a relation with a key attribute, no two tuples can
have identical values for key attributes.
a key attribute can not have NULL values.
Domain constraints
Every attribute is bound to have a specific range of values.
Example : Age can not be negative
Referential integrity constraints
29. Key Constraints ….
Referential integrity constraints
Every relation has some conditions that must hold for
it to be a valid relation. These conditions are
called Relational Integrity Constraints.
I If a relation refers to a key attribute of a different or
same relation, then that key element must exist.
30. ER model to Relational Model
ER model
Entity
Attributes
Mapping Entity
Create table for each entity.
Entity's attributes should become fields of tables with their
respective data types.
Declare primary key.
31. ER model to Relational Model
Mapping Relationship
Create table for a relationship.
Add the primary keys of all participating Entities as
fields of table with their respective data types.
If relationship has any attribute, add each attribute
as field of table.
Declare a primary key composing all the primary
keys of participating entities.
Declare all foreign key constraints.
32. ER model to Relational Model
Mapping Weak entity set
Create table for weak entity set.
Add all its attributes to table as field.
Add the primary key of identifying entity set.
Declare all foreign key constraints.