Generalization involves grouping entities together based on similar characteristics, such as classifying cows, oxen, and goats as animals. Specialization is the opposite, where a group is divided into subgroups based on distinguishing characteristics, like identifying a person as both a student and teacher.

2. Generalization: - In generalization, a number of entities are brought
together into one generalized entity based on their similar
characteristics. For example, Cow, Ox, and Goat can all be generalized as
Animals.

3. Specialization: - A group of entities is divided into sub-groups based on
their characteristics. Specialization is the just opposite of generalization.
For example a person can be identified as student and teacher.