Epistaxis
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kg_7- Epistaxis, or nosebleed, presents as an emergency and is a sign of an underlying local, general, or idiopathic disease. - It can be caused by trauma, infections, foreign bodies, neoplasms, atmospheric changes, deviated nasal septum, adenoiditis, and other local or general conditions. - Treatment involves identifying the cause, controlling bleeding, and addressing any underlying medical issues through measures like applying pressure, cauterization, nasal packing, or arterial embolization.
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Epistaxis
This document discusses epistaxis (nosebleeds), including its definition, causes, pathophysiology, and management. It notes that nosebleeds can be anterior or posterior based on the source of bleeding within the nasal cavities and outlines the various blood vessels involved. Common causes include trauma, inflammation/infection, tumors, hypertension, and medications. Management involves first aid, cauterization, nasal packing, and potentially surgical intervention. Prevention focuses on controlling risk factors and avoiding behaviors that could cause trauma to nasal tissues.
Epistaxis
This slide was prepared by medical student from medical institute in Nepal. This is the educational material.
Epistaxis
EPISTAXIS
- Bleeding from inside the nose is called epistaxis. It is fairly common and seen in all age groups.
- The main sites of bleeding are Little's area and the posterior nasal cavity. Little's area is located in the anterior nasal septum and is supplied by four arteries that form a vascular plexus.
- Causes of epistaxis include local nasal trauma or infections, as well as general medical conditions like hypertension and liver disease. Management involves first aid measures, cauterization of bleeding sites, and nasal packing to control bleeding.
Epistaxis
Epistaxis, or nosebleed, is bleeding from inside the nose. It is common and can occur in people of all ages. The nose has a rich blood supply from both the internal and external carotid arteries, making it susceptible to bleeding. The most common site of bleeding is Kiesselbach's plexus in the anterior nasal septum. Epistaxis can be classified as anterior or posterior depending on the location and direction of bleeding. Causes include local trauma, infections, vascular abnormalities, and medications. Management involves first aid measures, cauterization, nasal packing, surgery, or ligation of vessels supplying the nose.
Complications of CSOM (Chronic Suppurative otitis Media)
Complications of CSOM are still seen by many ENT doctors. This presentation explains the complications of CSOM in details.
Management_of_Epistaxis_Goal_is_Control
Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, can be caused by local damage to the nasal mucosa or underlying systemic issues. The goal in managing epistaxis is to control the bleeding. Treatment depends on whether the bleeding is anterior or posterior, with anterior bleeds usually responding to local pressure and cauterization and posterior bleeds often requiring balloon packs or other internal packs. Prolonged packing may be needed and complications include necrosis, so careful monitoring is important. Refractory cases may require interventions like embolization. Preventive measures focus on nasal moisture and avoiding further trauma.
Epistaxis
This document provides an overview of epistaxis (nosebleeds), including its definition, anatomy of the nose and blood supply, common causes, sites where it occurs, classifications, and approaches to management and potential complications. It begins with a short outline of topics to be covered, then provides more detailed information on the nose anatomy, definition of epistaxis as blood flow from the nostril with a nasal origin, key blood vessels supplying different areas of the nose, local and systemic causes, the most common sites of epistaxis, classifications, and management techniques including positioning, packing, procedures like flap operations and artery ligation. Rare complications are also listed.
Epistaxis management
This document discusses epistaxis, or nosebleeds. It defines epistaxis and lists common sites of bleeding within the nose. Epistaxis is classified as either anterior, occurring in the front of the nose, or posterior, occurring further back in the nasal cavity or nasopharynx. Anterior epistaxis is more common and usually caused by local factors like trauma or infections, while posterior epistaxis is less common but can be caused by general medical conditions affecting the cardiovascular system or blood. The document outlines evaluation and various medical and surgical treatment options for epistaxis, including cauterization, nasal packing, ligation of bleeding vessels, and lasers. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiect
Recommended
Epistaxis
This document discusses epistaxis (nosebleeds), including its definition, causes, pathophysiology, and management. It notes that nosebleeds can be anterior or posterior based on the source of bleeding within the nasal cavities and outlines the various blood vessels involved. Common causes include trauma, inflammation/infection, tumors, hypertension, and medications. Management involves first aid, cauterization, nasal packing, and potentially surgical intervention. Prevention focuses on controlling risk factors and avoiding behaviors that could cause trauma to nasal tissues.
Epistaxis
This slide was prepared by medical student from medical institute in Nepal. This is the educational material.
Epistaxis
EPISTAXIS
- Bleeding from inside the nose is called epistaxis. It is fairly common and seen in all age groups.
- The main sites of bleeding are Little's area and the posterior nasal cavity. Little's area is located in the anterior nasal septum and is supplied by four arteries that form a vascular plexus.
- Causes of epistaxis include local nasal trauma or infections, as well as general medical conditions like hypertension and liver disease. Management involves first aid measures, cauterization of bleeding sites, and nasal packing to control bleeding.
Epistaxis
Epistaxis, or nosebleed, is bleeding from inside the nose. It is common and can occur in people of all ages. The nose has a rich blood supply from both the internal and external carotid arteries, making it susceptible to bleeding. The most common site of bleeding is Kiesselbach's plexus in the anterior nasal septum. Epistaxis can be classified as anterior or posterior depending on the location and direction of bleeding. Causes include local trauma, infections, vascular abnormalities, and medications. Management involves first aid measures, cauterization, nasal packing, surgery, or ligation of vessels supplying the nose.
Complications of CSOM (Chronic Suppurative otitis Media)
Complications of CSOM are still seen by many ENT doctors. This presentation explains the complications of CSOM in details.
Management_of_Epistaxis_Goal_is_Control
Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, can be caused by local damage to the nasal mucosa or underlying systemic issues. The goal in managing epistaxis is to control the bleeding. Treatment depends on whether the bleeding is anterior or posterior, with anterior bleeds usually responding to local pressure and cauterization and posterior bleeds often requiring balloon packs or other internal packs. Prolonged packing may be needed and complications include necrosis, so careful monitoring is important. Refractory cases may require interventions like embolization. Preventive measures focus on nasal moisture and avoiding further trauma.
Epistaxis
This document provides an overview of epistaxis (nosebleeds), including its definition, anatomy of the nose and blood supply, common causes, sites where it occurs, classifications, and approaches to management and potential complications. It begins with a short outline of topics to be covered, then provides more detailed information on the nose anatomy, definition of epistaxis as blood flow from the nostril with a nasal origin, key blood vessels supplying different areas of the nose, local and systemic causes, the most common sites of epistaxis, classifications, and management techniques including positioning, packing, procedures like flap operations and artery ligation. Rare complications are also listed.
Epistaxis management
This document discusses epistaxis, or nosebleeds. It defines epistaxis and lists common sites of bleeding within the nose. Epistaxis is classified as either anterior, occurring in the front of the nose, or posterior, occurring further back in the nasal cavity or nasopharynx. Anterior epistaxis is more common and usually caused by local factors like trauma or infections, while posterior epistaxis is less common but can be caused by general medical conditions affecting the cardiovascular system or blood. The document outlines evaluation and various medical and surgical treatment options for epistaxis, including cauterization, nasal packing, ligation of bleeding vessels, and lasers. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiect
Epistaxis
This document discusses epistaxis (nosebleeds), including causes, examination, and treatment. It notes that epistaxis is common but rarely life-threatening. The nasal blood supply and local/systemic causes of epistaxis are outlined. Treatment depends on the location and severity, ranging from direct pressure to nasal packing or radiologic embolization. Proper examination, identification of bleeding sources, and follow-up care are emphasized.
Discuss epistaxis kbth
Epistaxis, or nosebleed, is bleeding from inside the nose. The nose is richly supplied by blood vessels. Common causes of epistaxis include local trauma, infections, tumors, high blood pressure, bleeding disorders, and medications like anticoagulants. Symptoms are nasal bleeding and blood draining from the nose or throat. Treatment depends on severity but may include pinching the nose, nasal packs, cauterization, surgery, or embolization to stop bleeding vessels. Proper diagnosis involves history, exam, and tests to identify underlying causes and guide management.
Otitis Media with Effusion
This document provides information about otitis media with effusion (OME), also known as glue ear. It defines OME as a chronic accumulation of mucus or non-purulent effusion in the middle ear cavity lasting more than 12 weeks. The document discusses the etiology, symptoms, examination findings, and treatment options for OME. Treatment may involve watchful waiting, medical management using decongestants or mucolytics, or surgical insertion of ventilation tubes to drain the middle ear.
Epistaxis
Epistaxis, or nosebleed, is bleeding from the nose or nasal cavity. It is a common condition that affects around 10% of the population each year. The nasal cavities have a rich blood supply from both the internal and external carotid arteries, with numerous anastomoses between arteries and veins. The most common site of anterior epistaxis is Kiesselbach's plexus, while Woodruff's plexus is a common site for posterior epistaxis. Treatment depends on the severity but may include nasal packing, cauterization, or ligation of arteries in severe cases.
Complications of otitis media
This document discusses various complications that can arise from otitis media infections, including both intracranial and extracranial complications. It classifies complications into two broad groups: intracranial complications such as extradural abscess, subdural abscess, brain abscess, meningitis, sigmoid sinus thrombosis, and otic hydrocephalus; and extracranial complications including mastoiditis, otitis externa, facial nerve palsy, petrositis, labyrinthitis, internal jugular vein thrombosis, and adhesive otitis media. It provides details on symptoms, causes, and treatments for several of these complications.
Peritonsillar abscess (quinsy)
Peritonsillar abscess, also known as quinsy, is a collection of pus in the peritonsillar space between the tonsil capsule and superior constrictor muscle, usually caused by acute tonsillitis. Clinical features include severe unilateral throat pain, difficulty swallowing, foul breath, and earache. Examination shows swollen tonsils and soft palate, bulging of the soft palate towards the opposite side. Treatment involves hospitalization, IV antibiotics, analgesics, and incision and drainage of the abscess surgically. Complications can include spread of infection to nearby areas if not treated promptly.
Nasal polyp ppt
This document discusses nasal polyps, including their definition, etiology, types, symptoms, complications, and management. Nasal polyps are edematous protrusions of the nasal mucosa that occur due to repeated inflammation. The main types are ethmoidal and antrochoanal polyps, which differ in age of onset, cause, location of origin, growth pattern, and recurrence risk. Common symptoms include nasal blockage, discharge, headaches and loss of smell. Potential complications include fungal sinusitis and orbital cellulitis. Treatment involves medical management with antibiotics, steroids, and decongestants as well as surgical polypectomy or FESS.
Ppt of epistaxis
Epistaxis, or nosebleed, is commonly caused by local trauma or irritation to the nasal mucosa. The most common site of bleeding is Little's area, located in the anterior nasal septum. Epistaxis can also occur from other sites like the posterior nasal cavity (Woodruff's plexus) or retrocolumellar vein. Management involves initial measures like pinching the nose or nasal packing. For persistent or severe bleeding, procedures like electrocautery, arterial ligation or embolization may be needed. Epistaxis should be properly evaluated to identify and treat any underlying local or systemic causes.
Attachment asom
This document discusses acute suppurative otitis media (ASOM), beginning with the stages of the condition:
1) Hyperaemia stage characterized by hyperemia and a "cartwheel" appearance of blood vessels on the tympanic membrane.
2) Exudation stage with high fever, severe earache, deafness, and bulging of the tympanic membrane due to pus buildup.
3) Suppuration stage where ear discharge becomes purulent and mastoid tenderness decreases.
Treatment involves systemic antibiotics, nasal decongestants, analgesics, and ear cleaning. A myringotomy may be performed to drain pus if the tympanic membrane is
Foreign body nose
Children and even mentally retarded adults have the tendency to have habit of putting Foreign Bodies in their Nose themselves or by others. However treating surgeons are likely to forget nasal packs and splints as well.
Complications of sinusitis
Slides prepared and compiled by highly experienced ENT teacher, Dr. Krishna Koirala from Nepal, for teaching undergraduate and postgraduate ENT students in the field of otorhinolaryngology.
A clear and concise explanation of the basic concepts in the subject matter concerned.
He is the Head of department with a sound knowledge in the field of ENT to teach both undergraduate and postgraduate ENT students
Eustachian tube disorders by Dr. Krishna Koirala
The Eustachian tube connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx. It is around 36mm long in adults and made of bone laterally and fibrocartilage medially. It opens with swallowing to equalize pressure and ventilate the middle ear. Dysfunction can cause ear infections and pressure issues. Evaluation involves tests like Valsalva, Toynbee maneuvers and tympanometry. Conditions like patulous Eustachian tube can also occur if it does not close properly.
Epistaxis ent
Epistaxis, or nosebleed, is bleeding from inside the nose. The nasal cavity has a rich blood supply from branches of the internal and external carotid arteries. The most common site of epistaxis is Little's area, located on the anterior nasal septum. Other vascular areas prone to bleeding include the retrocolumellar vein and Woodruff's area on the inferior turbinate. Anterior epistaxis is more common and usually mild, while posterior epistaxis is rarer but more severe. The leading cause of epistaxis is local trauma from nose picking, but it can also arise from systemic issues like hypertension or medications like aspirin. Proper management depends on identifying the source and
Tonsillitis and-adenoiditis
This document discusses tonsillitis, adenoiditis, and epiglottitis. It provides information on the causes, clinical manifestations, treatment, and nursing care for these conditions. Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils caused by viruses or bacteria. Symptoms include fever, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and foul breath. Adenoiditis involves inflammation of the adenoids and may cause snoring, nasal speech, and ear pain. Surgical treatment for recurrent tonsillitis or adenoiditis is a tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy. Post-operative nursing care focuses on comfort, airway management, and monitoring for bleeding. Epiglottitis is a potentially life-
Rhinitis
Rhinitis is inflammation of the nasal mucosa that can be acute or chronic. It is classified based on etiology into infectious and non-infectious types. Common infectious causes are viral infections like the common cold, while non-infectious causes include allergies. Clinical features vary depending on type but may include nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and loss of smell. Treatment involves managing symptoms, treating underlying causes, and antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections. Complications can include sinusitis if left untreated.
Otitis Media
This document discusses otitis media, an inflammation of the middle ear. It begins with an introduction and case presentation of a 4 year old boy with ear pain, fever, and cough. It then covers the epidemiology, anatomy, classification, etiology, risk factors, pathology, clinical features, differential diagnosis, management, and complications of otitis media. The peak incidence is in children aged 1-4 years and is more common in boys. Acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, chronic suppurative otitis media, and adhesive otitis media are subtypes discussed. Pneumoniae, influenzae, and Moraxella are common bacterial causes while viruses like R
E.N.T 5th year, 4th & 5th lectures (Dr. Muaid)
This document discusses various types of otitis media (OM), including:
1. Acute otitis media (AOM), which can be catarrhal, effusion, or suppurative. Catarrhal AOM presents with deafness but no pain. Suppurative AOM causes sudden ear pain and bulging of the eardrum.
2. Chronic otitis media, which includes chronic middle ear effusion (serous or secretory OM) and chronic suppurative OM. Chronic suppurative OM can be tubo-tympanic or attico-antral.
3. Complications of OM including mastoiditis, cholesteatoma,
Epistaxis
Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, can be caused by local factors within the nose or systemic factors elsewhere in the body. The vascular supply and common bleeding sites within the nose are described. Epistaxis is classified as anterior or posterior depending on the location of bleeding. Initial treatment involves local pressure and examination to locate the source before proceeding to cauterization, nasal packing, or other measures. Surgical ligation of arteries or angiographic embolization may be needed for severe or recurrent bleeding. Guidelines for managing epistaxis in children emphasize expectant treatment for mild cases over invasive procedures.
Diseases of the nasal septum
Disease of the nasal septum can cause nasal obstruction, excessive nasal discharge, epistaxis, headache and sinusitis. The diseases could be deviated nasal septum, septal haematoma, septal abscess and septal perforation. All these complaints are treatable.
Foreign body in ENT
This document discusses foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat. It notes that foreign body aspirations most commonly occur in children under 15, especially between ages 1-3. Common foreign bodies include small objects like beads, nuts, and buttons. Symptoms depend on the location of the foreign body but may include obstruction, pain, discharge, or difficulty swallowing. Examination and sometimes imaging can identify the object's location. Removal techniques vary by location but often involve irrigation, suction, or endoscopy under anesthesia if needed. Complications may occur if foreign bodies remain too long.
Epistaxis
This document discusses epistaxis (nosebleeds), including:
1. Epistaxis is a common ENT emergency caused by rupture of blood vessels in the nose from trauma, infections, or systemic diseases. It can be mild and self-limiting or severe and life-threatening.
2. Epistaxis is classified as anterior (originating in front of the nose) or posterior (originating further back). Anterior epistaxis is more common and usually milder.
3. Diagnosis involves history, physical exam including anterior rhinoscopy, and potentially laboratory tests or imaging if the source of bleeding cannot be found or if a systemic condition is suspected.
Epistaxis
This document discusses epistaxis (nosebleeds), including:
- The blood supply and common bleeding sites in the nose, especially Little's area.
- Causes of epistaxis including local factors like trauma, infections, and tumors as well as general factors like hypertension.
- Differences between anterior and posterior nosebleeds.
- Management approaches like first aid, cauterization, nasal packing, and ligation of arteries in severe cases.
- Measures like bed rest, monitoring, antibiotics, and treating underlying causes are also important.
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Epistaxis
This document discusses epistaxis (nosebleeds), including causes, examination, and treatment. It notes that epistaxis is common but rarely life-threatening. The nasal blood supply and local/systemic causes of epistaxis are outlined. Treatment depends on the location and severity, ranging from direct pressure to nasal packing or radiologic embolization. Proper examination, identification of bleeding sources, and follow-up care are emphasized.
Discuss epistaxis kbth
Epistaxis, or nosebleed, is bleeding from inside the nose. The nose is richly supplied by blood vessels. Common causes of epistaxis include local trauma, infections, tumors, high blood pressure, bleeding disorders, and medications like anticoagulants. Symptoms are nasal bleeding and blood draining from the nose or throat. Treatment depends on severity but may include pinching the nose, nasal packs, cauterization, surgery, or embolization to stop bleeding vessels. Proper diagnosis involves history, exam, and tests to identify underlying causes and guide management.
Otitis Media with Effusion
This document provides information about otitis media with effusion (OME), also known as glue ear. It defines OME as a chronic accumulation of mucus or non-purulent effusion in the middle ear cavity lasting more than 12 weeks. The document discusses the etiology, symptoms, examination findings, and treatment options for OME. Treatment may involve watchful waiting, medical management using decongestants or mucolytics, or surgical insertion of ventilation tubes to drain the middle ear.
Epistaxis
Epistaxis, or nosebleed, is bleeding from the nose or nasal cavity. It is a common condition that affects around 10% of the population each year. The nasal cavities have a rich blood supply from both the internal and external carotid arteries, with numerous anastomoses between arteries and veins. The most common site of anterior epistaxis is Kiesselbach's plexus, while Woodruff's plexus is a common site for posterior epistaxis. Treatment depends on the severity but may include nasal packing, cauterization, or ligation of arteries in severe cases.
Complications of otitis media
This document discusses various complications that can arise from otitis media infections, including both intracranial and extracranial complications. It classifies complications into two broad groups: intracranial complications such as extradural abscess, subdural abscess, brain abscess, meningitis, sigmoid sinus thrombosis, and otic hydrocephalus; and extracranial complications including mastoiditis, otitis externa, facial nerve palsy, petrositis, labyrinthitis, internal jugular vein thrombosis, and adhesive otitis media. It provides details on symptoms, causes, and treatments for several of these complications.
Peritonsillar abscess (quinsy)
Peritonsillar abscess, also known as quinsy, is a collection of pus in the peritonsillar space between the tonsil capsule and superior constrictor muscle, usually caused by acute tonsillitis. Clinical features include severe unilateral throat pain, difficulty swallowing, foul breath, and earache. Examination shows swollen tonsils and soft palate, bulging of the soft palate towards the opposite side. Treatment involves hospitalization, IV antibiotics, analgesics, and incision and drainage of the abscess surgically. Complications can include spread of infection to nearby areas if not treated promptly.
Nasal polyp ppt
This document discusses nasal polyps, including their definition, etiology, types, symptoms, complications, and management. Nasal polyps are edematous protrusions of the nasal mucosa that occur due to repeated inflammation. The main types are ethmoidal and antrochoanal polyps, which differ in age of onset, cause, location of origin, growth pattern, and recurrence risk. Common symptoms include nasal blockage, discharge, headaches and loss of smell. Potential complications include fungal sinusitis and orbital cellulitis. Treatment involves medical management with antibiotics, steroids, and decongestants as well as surgical polypectomy or FESS.
Ppt of epistaxis
Epistaxis, or nosebleed, is commonly caused by local trauma or irritation to the nasal mucosa. The most common site of bleeding is Little's area, located in the anterior nasal septum. Epistaxis can also occur from other sites like the posterior nasal cavity (Woodruff's plexus) or retrocolumellar vein. Management involves initial measures like pinching the nose or nasal packing. For persistent or severe bleeding, procedures like electrocautery, arterial ligation or embolization may be needed. Epistaxis should be properly evaluated to identify and treat any underlying local or systemic causes.
Attachment asom
This document discusses acute suppurative otitis media (ASOM), beginning with the stages of the condition:
1) Hyperaemia stage characterized by hyperemia and a "cartwheel" appearance of blood vessels on the tympanic membrane.
2) Exudation stage with high fever, severe earache, deafness, and bulging of the tympanic membrane due to pus buildup.
3) Suppuration stage where ear discharge becomes purulent and mastoid tenderness decreases.
Treatment involves systemic antibiotics, nasal decongestants, analgesics, and ear cleaning. A myringotomy may be performed to drain pus if the tympanic membrane is
Foreign body nose
Children and even mentally retarded adults have the tendency to have habit of putting Foreign Bodies in their Nose themselves or by others. However treating surgeons are likely to forget nasal packs and splints as well.
Complications of sinusitis
Slides prepared and compiled by highly experienced ENT teacher, Dr. Krishna Koirala from Nepal, for teaching undergraduate and postgraduate ENT students in the field of otorhinolaryngology.
A clear and concise explanation of the basic concepts in the subject matter concerned.
He is the Head of department with a sound knowledge in the field of ENT to teach both undergraduate and postgraduate ENT students
Eustachian tube disorders by Dr. Krishna Koirala
The Eustachian tube connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx. It is around 36mm long in adults and made of bone laterally and fibrocartilage medially. It opens with swallowing to equalize pressure and ventilate the middle ear. Dysfunction can cause ear infections and pressure issues. Evaluation involves tests like Valsalva, Toynbee maneuvers and tympanometry. Conditions like patulous Eustachian tube can also occur if it does not close properly.
Epistaxis ent
Epistaxis, or nosebleed, is bleeding from inside the nose. The nasal cavity has a rich blood supply from branches of the internal and external carotid arteries. The most common site of epistaxis is Little's area, located on the anterior nasal septum. Other vascular areas prone to bleeding include the retrocolumellar vein and Woodruff's area on the inferior turbinate. Anterior epistaxis is more common and usually mild, while posterior epistaxis is rarer but more severe. The leading cause of epistaxis is local trauma from nose picking, but it can also arise from systemic issues like hypertension or medications like aspirin. Proper management depends on identifying the source and
Tonsillitis and-adenoiditis
This document discusses tonsillitis, adenoiditis, and epiglottitis. It provides information on the causes, clinical manifestations, treatment, and nursing care for these conditions. Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils caused by viruses or bacteria. Symptoms include fever, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and foul breath. Adenoiditis involves inflammation of the adenoids and may cause snoring, nasal speech, and ear pain. Surgical treatment for recurrent tonsillitis or adenoiditis is a tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy. Post-operative nursing care focuses on comfort, airway management, and monitoring for bleeding. Epiglottitis is a potentially life-
Rhinitis
Rhinitis is inflammation of the nasal mucosa that can be acute or chronic. It is classified based on etiology into infectious and non-infectious types. Common infectious causes are viral infections like the common cold, while non-infectious causes include allergies. Clinical features vary depending on type but may include nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and loss of smell. Treatment involves managing symptoms, treating underlying causes, and antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections. Complications can include sinusitis if left untreated.
Otitis Media
This document discusses otitis media, an inflammation of the middle ear. It begins with an introduction and case presentation of a 4 year old boy with ear pain, fever, and cough. It then covers the epidemiology, anatomy, classification, etiology, risk factors, pathology, clinical features, differential diagnosis, management, and complications of otitis media. The peak incidence is in children aged 1-4 years and is more common in boys. Acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, chronic suppurative otitis media, and adhesive otitis media are subtypes discussed. Pneumoniae, influenzae, and Moraxella are common bacterial causes while viruses like R
E.N.T 5th year, 4th & 5th lectures (Dr. Muaid)
This document discusses various types of otitis media (OM), including:
1. Acute otitis media (AOM), which can be catarrhal, effusion, or suppurative. Catarrhal AOM presents with deafness but no pain. Suppurative AOM causes sudden ear pain and bulging of the eardrum.
2. Chronic otitis media, which includes chronic middle ear effusion (serous or secretory OM) and chronic suppurative OM. Chronic suppurative OM can be tubo-tympanic or attico-antral.
3. Complications of OM including mastoiditis, cholesteatoma,
Epistaxis
Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, can be caused by local factors within the nose or systemic factors elsewhere in the body. The vascular supply and common bleeding sites within the nose are described. Epistaxis is classified as anterior or posterior depending on the location of bleeding. Initial treatment involves local pressure and examination to locate the source before proceeding to cauterization, nasal packing, or other measures. Surgical ligation of arteries or angiographic embolization may be needed for severe or recurrent bleeding. Guidelines for managing epistaxis in children emphasize expectant treatment for mild cases over invasive procedures.
Diseases of the nasal septum
Disease of the nasal septum can cause nasal obstruction, excessive nasal discharge, epistaxis, headache and sinusitis. The diseases could be deviated nasal septum, septal haematoma, septal abscess and septal perforation. All these complaints are treatable.
Foreign body in ENT
This document discusses foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat. It notes that foreign body aspirations most commonly occur in children under 15, especially between ages 1-3. Common foreign bodies include small objects like beads, nuts, and buttons. Symptoms depend on the location of the foreign body but may include obstruction, pain, discharge, or difficulty swallowing. Examination and sometimes imaging can identify the object's location. Removal techniques vary by location but often involve irrigation, suction, or endoscopy under anesthesia if needed. Complications may occur if foreign bodies remain too long.
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Epistaxis
This document discusses epistaxis (nosebleeds), including:
1. Epistaxis is a common ENT emergency caused by rupture of blood vessels in the nose from trauma, infections, or systemic diseases. It can be mild and self-limiting or severe and life-threatening.
2. Epistaxis is classified as anterior (originating in front of the nose) or posterior (originating further back). Anterior epistaxis is more common and usually milder.
3. Diagnosis involves history, physical exam including anterior rhinoscopy, and potentially laboratory tests or imaging if the source of bleeding cannot be found or if a systemic condition is suspected.
Epistaxis
This document discusses epistaxis (nosebleeds), including:
- The blood supply and common bleeding sites in the nose, especially Little's area.
- Causes of epistaxis including local factors like trauma, infections, and tumors as well as general factors like hypertension.
- Differences between anterior and posterior nosebleeds.
- Management approaches like first aid, cauterization, nasal packing, and ligation of arteries in severe cases.
- Measures like bed rest, monitoring, antibiotics, and treating underlying causes are also important.
Epistaxis
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This ppt is more of use for medical students ....a compilation of all the required knowledge about epistaxis.
EPISTAXIS
This document discusses epistaxis (nosebleeds), including its causes, sites of bleeding, classification, and management approaches. The main points covered are:
- Epistaxis is caused by bleeding from inside the nose, with common causes being local trauma, infections, or general medical conditions like hypertension.
- The most common site of bleeding is an area of the nasal septum called Little's area, where several arteries converge.
- Epistaxis can be anterior (from the nasal cavity) or posterior (from the nasopharynx). Anterior bleeding is more common and usually mild.
- First approaches to manage epistaxis include applying pressure, cauterization of bleeding vessels, or anterior nasal packing
EPISTAXIS ppt
This document provides an overview of epistaxis (nosebleeds), including its definition, causes, treatment approaches, and relevant anatomy. It notes that epistaxis is common and usually minor, but can sometimes require medical intervention. The blood supply and common bleeding sites in the nose are described, such as Little's area and Woodruff's plexus. Treatment approaches include first aid measures, anterior/posterior nasal packing, cauterization, and ligation of vessels in severe cases. Both local causes like trauma as well as systemic factors like hypertension must be considered and treated.
Epistaxis
This document provides information on epistaxis (nosebleeds), including:
- Epistaxis is defined as bleeding from inside the nose and can occur in all age groups. The majority of cases are idiopathic or due to trauma.
- The nasal cavities receive rich blood supply from both the internal and external carotid arteries, making the mucosa highly vascular and susceptible to bleeding.
- Common sites of bleeding are the Kiesselbach's plexus and Woodruff's plexus.
- Evaluation involves assessing airway status, hemodynamic stability, and locating the bleeding site.
- Management depends on bleeding severity and location but typically involves direct cauterization, nasal packing
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This document discusses epistaxis (nosebleed), including its causes, risk factors, evaluation, and management. Epistaxis is common and usually arises from small blood vessels in the nose. Evaluation involves examining the nose to locate the source of bleeding. Treatment starts with first aid measures and may involve local therapies to constrict blood vessels or cauterize bleeding sites. For more severe bleeding, nasal packing or arterial ligation may be needed. Managing underlying risk factors can help prevent future epistaxis.
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This document discusses the causes, management, and treatment of epistaxis (nosebleeds). Epistaxis is common and usually minor but can sometimes be severe or life-threatening. The nasal cavities have a rich blood supply which makes them susceptible to bleeding. Common causes include local trauma, inflammation, hypertension, and coagulation disorders. Treatment involves locating the bleeding site, cauterization, nasal packing, and sometimes more advanced procedures like arterial ligation or embolization for refractory cases. Proper patient monitoring and follow-up care is important after treatment to prevent complications.
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Epistaxis ashly
This document discusses epistaxis (nosebleed), including:
1. The vascular anatomy of the nose and common bleeding sites like Kiesselbach's plexus and Woodruff's plexus.
2. Classification of epistaxis by location (anterior vs posterior), age (more common in children and older adults), and cause (traumatic vs spontaneous).
3. Local and systemic causes of epistaxis and approaches to patient history, examination, investigation, and management, including direct therapies like cauterization and indirect options like nasal packing.
Epistaxis
This document discusses acute hemorrhage from the nasal cavity or nasopharynx. It begins by defining the condition and describing the arterial blood supply to an area called Little's area, which is the usual site of epistaxis in children and young adults. It then discusses the causes of epistaxis including local factors like nose picking, trauma, or tumors, as well as general factors like blood disorders, medications, or cardiovascular issues. It classifies epistaxis as anterior or posterior based on location and risk factors. The management section outlines assessing the patient's history, examining the nose, and providing first aid like pinching the nose. Treatment options are discussed like cauterization, anterior or posterior nasal packing, or arterial
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epistaxis.pptx
Epistaxis, or nosebleed, is bleeding from the nose that can occur from rupture of small blood vessels in the nasal cavity. Most nosebleeds are minor and self-limiting, but some may be recurrent or require medical attention. The majority occur in the front of the nose due to rupture of vessels in an area called Little's area or the Kiesselbach's plexus. Causes can include local trauma, medications, inflammation, or systemic issues. Treatment depends on severity but may involve direct pressure, cauterization, nasal packing, or arterial ligation for severe cases. Prevention focuses on avoiding dry environments and minor trauma to the inside of the nose.
Presentation1
This document discusses epistaxis (nosebleeds), including common causes, types, signs, diagnosis, and treatment. It notes that anterior nosebleeds are more common in children from minor trauma, while posterior bleeds often occur in older adults from hypertension. Evaluation includes vital signs, blood tests, and imaging. Treatment depends on severity but may involve local pressure, cauterization, nasal packing, or embolization for severe or recurrent bleeding. Nurses monitor patients and provide aftercare instructions to prevent rebleeding.
Epistaxis.pptx
This document provides information on epistaxis (nosebleeds), including:
1) It discusses the vascular anatomy of the nose and common sites of bleeding like Kiesselbach's plexus and Woodruff's plexus.
2) The causes of epistaxis are described, including local causes like trauma, infections, and tumors as well as systemic causes like hypertension and bleeding disorders.
3) The clinical classification of epistaxis into childhood vs. adult, primary vs. secondary, and anterior vs. posterior is explained.
4) Methods for managing epistaxis are outlined, ranging from initial resuscitation to direct therapies like cauterization and indirect options like nasal packing and arterial
EPISTAXIS
This document provides an overview of a lecture on post-basic ENT nursing regarding epistaxis (nosebleeds). It defines epistaxis and discusses the blood supply and common sites in the nose where bleeding occurs. Epistaxis is classified as anterior or posterior based on its location. Causes are categorized as local, general/systemic, or idiopathic. Initial management involves techniques to arrest bleeding like nasal packing. Definitive treatment depends on severity but may include cauterization, medications, surgery, or embolization.
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Similar to Epistaxis (20)
Epistaxis
- 1. • Seen in all age groups • Presents as an emergency • Sign of an underlying disease Kanika Gupta III Year MBBS Kasturba Medical College
- 6. Local •Trauma •Infections •Foreign Bodies •Neoplasms •Atmospheric Changes •Deviated Nasal Septum •Adenoiditis •Juvenile Angiofibroma •Malignant Tumours General •CVS •Disorders of blood and blood vessels •Liver disease •Kidney disease •Drugs •Mediastinal Compression •Acute general infection •Vicarious Menstruation Idiopathic •The cause of epistaxis is unknown
- 7. Anterior Epistaxis More common Mostly from little’s area or anterior part of lateral wall Mostly occurs in children or young adults The cause is mostly Trauma Bleeding is usually mild and easily controlled Posterior Epistaxis Less common Mostly from posterosuperior part of nasal cavity (bleeding point difficult to localize) Mostly >40 years of age The cause is mainly due to hypertension or arteriosclerosis Severe bleeding, hospitalization, postnasal pack
- 8. o Little’s area – site for 90% of the bleeding cases o Above middle turbinate – due to anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries o Below middle turbinate – due to sphenopalatine artery o Posterior nasal cavity – blood directly flows into the pharynx o Diffuse – bleeding occurs both from the septum and lateral wall and is usually seen in blood dyscrasias o Nasopharynx
- 11. Mode of onset Spontaneous/Trauma Duration and Frequency of bleeding Amount of blood loss Site of bleeding Bleeding tendencies in family Known medical illness History of drug intake
- 12. Patient made to sit, record blood loss during vomiiting or spitting Reassure, mild sedation Check pulse, BP and Respiration Give blood transfusion if necesary Antibiotics to prevent Sinusitis Intermittent Oxygen +/- Treat any underlying local/general cause
- 13. Pinch the nose with thumb and index finger for about 5 minutes (Compresses vessels in little’s area) Trotter’s Method : Patient in sitting position, made to lean over a sink, spit blood and breathe quietly from mouth Cold Compresses : Vasoconstriction
- 14. Chemical Cautery
- 16. •Clear the nose by suction •Localise the bleeding site •Profuse – Anterior nasal packing
- 21. External Carotid •Above the level of superior thyroid Maxillary Artery •Uncontrollable bleeding •Caldwell-Luc approach Ethmoidal Arteries •Anterosuperior bleeding, not controlled by packing •Lynch Incision
- 23. • Done by interventional radiologist • Femoral artery catheterization • Internal Maxillary Artery is embolized with gelfoam, polyvinyl alcohol or coils • Usually a safe procedure with some risks : • Cerebal Thromboembolism • Local haematoma Ethmoidal arteries cannot be embolized
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