Epidemiology
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The document discusses different methods of classifying, presenting, and collecting statistical data. It describes ways to categorize data based on nature, source, arrangement, and measurement. Various tools for presenting statistical data are also outlined, including tables, charts, graphs, and diagrams. Sources of data are distinguished as primary, secondary, or tertiary. Sampling methods like simple random, systematic, and stratified are introduced as a more efficient way to estimate characteristics of a whole population compared to a complete census.
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This document provides an overview of how to effectively use reference books and develop reading skills for research. It discusses that reference books are not meant to be read cover-to-cover but can be used to find specific information through their tables of contents, indexes, chapter headings and conclusions. It also outlines common types of reference books like almanacs, atlases, dictionaries and encyclopedias and how to use their specific features to locate relevant facts and data for research.
Basics of Information Sources in Reference Services
The document discusses different types of information sources, including primary sources which present original information, secondary sources which analyze and interpret primary sources, and tertiary sources which compile and summarize information from primary and secondary sources. It provides examples of different fact-finding sources like encyclopedias, dictionaries, and biographical sources. Controlled vocabularies and bibliographies help users access and direct them to relevant information sources.
Introduction To Research Methodology
The document provides an introduction to research methodology. It outlines the key steps in the research process as: (1) formulating the research question by identifying gaps in existing literature through a literature review; (2) developing hypotheses and objectives; and (3) preparing a research design that includes determining the sample, data collection methods, and data analysis plan. It also discusses important qualities of good research such as being controlled, rigorous, systematic, valid and verifiable.
Historical Research
Historical Research- Definition, Meaning, Characteristics, Steps in conducting historical research, advantages and disadvantages
Research methods and materials in English
This document provides an overview of various research methods that can be used in English literature and language research. It discusses approaches such as thematic analysis, comparative studies, translation studies, linguistic theories, discourse analysis, archival research, biography, visual methodologies, digital humanities, quantitative analysis, bibliography and textual criticism, narratology, ethnographic methods, creative writing, interviewing, and interdisciplinary approaches. It also outlines specific tools and resources that can be used, including online databases, library catalogs, primary sources, and evaluating information found on the internet or in digital archives.
Biostatistics ppt
This document provides an overview of biostatistics and research methodology. It defines key statistical terms and concepts, describes methods of data collection and presentation, discusses sampling and different sampling methods, and outlines the steps in research including defining a problem, developing objectives and hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and interpreting results. Common statistical analyses covered include measures of central tendency, dispersion, significance testing, correlation, and regression.
Measurement
This document discusses different types of measurement used in research including direct measures like physiological and behavioral observations, self-reports like surveys and interviews, and indirect measures relying on observer perceptions. It defines nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio levels of data and provides examples, noting that higher levels of precise measurement are preferred for research conclusions.
Intro to statistics
This document provides an introduction and overview of key concepts in statistics. It defines statistics as the collection, analysis, and interpretation of numerical data. Descriptive statistics are used to summarize and organize data, while inferential statistics allow researchers to make generalizations from a sample to a population. The document outlines common terminology in statistics, different types of data and scales of measurement, and how to present data through tables, graphs, and diagrams. Frequency distribution tables, bar diagrams, pie charts, and histograms are discussed as methods for graphical presentation of data.
Historical Research
This document discusses historical research. It defines historical research as the systematic collection and evaluation of data to describe and understand past events without manipulating variables. The purposes are to learn from the past to apply to present problems, make predictions, and test hypotheses. Areas of historical research include period, world, regional, military, social, cultural, diplomatic, peoples, gender, and historiography history. Steps in research are isolating a problem, collecting primary and secondary sources, evaluating sources, formulating hypotheses, and reporting findings. Advantages are no experimenter bias while disadvantages include lack of control and interpreting sources is time-consuming.
Content analysis
Content Analysis as a method of research. There is a video on youtube with explanation about this PPT.
Writing in the disciplines
The document discusses writing styles across different academic disciplines, including the humanities, social sciences, and sciences. In the humanities, writing employs longer paragraphs and sentences, imagery, metaphors, and active voice. Evidence is textual and based on close readings. In the social sciences, quantitative and qualitative methods are used, aiming for objectivity. Writing focuses on facts, data, and conforming to IMRAD structure. In the sciences, precise language is used with an emphasis on clarity and conciseness in describing methods, results, and references according to CSE style.
Module 1 literature review
This document provides guidance on conducting a literature review for research. It discusses the importance of the literature review in defining the research problem and identifying gaps. It outlines the overall research process and emphasizes literature review as the second step. It provides tips on developing search strategies using keywords, Boolean operators, and wildcards. The document also discusses evaluating and organizing sources as well as structuring the literature review. The goal is to help researchers effectively search for and synthesize relevant existing literature to support their research.
Natural history research as a replicable data science
Keynote presentation to the 2017 GARR conference, 17 November 2017, Venice, Italy. Introduction to natural history data types and analysis examples. Discussion of current practices in promoting reproducibility.
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Basics of Information Sources in Reference Services
Basics of Information Sources in Reference Services
Natural history research as a replicable data science
Natural history research as a replicable data science
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Opd design and process
The document discusses the design and process for an outpatient department (OPD) in a hospital. An OPD is where patients receive diagnosis and treatment without staying overnight. It is important for the OPD to be efficient and strive for excellence as it is the first interaction patients have with the hospital. The OPD should be well-organized with proper layout, administration, physical facilities, patient care areas, and relations with the public. Key considerations for design include entrances, windows, seating, ambience, power backup, cleanliness, and staff conduct. The OPD process requires establishing a framework, staffing, patient awareness, physical requirements, IT support, monitoring, evaluation, and troubleshooting.
Qfd
QFD is a customer-driven approach to quality function deployment that was developed in Japan in the 1960s. It enables companies to deploy the voice of the customer into new product development. Key aspects of QFD include translating customer requirements into technical requirements, using a house of quality matrix to show relationships between customer and technical requirements, and prioritizing requirements. Benefits of QFD include fewer changes, lower costs, fewer problems, and satisfied customers.
Public areas in hospitals
The public areas of a hospital serve as an important reference point, providing access to amenities for patients, visitors, and staff. This includes the main entrance and lobby, waiting areas, shops, and staff facilities. Properly designed public spaces with comfortable seating, clear signage, basic amenities, and a welcoming atmosphere can help reduce patient stress and generate goodwill for the hospital. However, limitations like parking availability and costs must be considered alongside the goals of maximizing patient comfort and experience.
Carbon credits and carbon footprints
Carbon credits were created as part of the Kyoto Protocol to limit greenhouse gas emissions. Countries and organizations are assigned emissions allowances and can trade carbon credits if their emissions are lower than their allowance. Activities like renewable energy projects and tree planting can generate carbon offsets that can be sold as carbon credits. The value of carbon credits comes from creating a market that monetizes the cost of polluting. Nations, companies, and individuals can buy carbon credits to offset their emissions.
Psychiatry department
This document discusses psychiatry departments and services including de-addiction and lifestyle modification centers. It describes that psychiatry involves the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders by physicians called psychiatrists. De-addiction centers and lifestyle modification centers aim to treat addiction and promote healthy behaviors through a team-based approach. The document also outlines the services, staffing, and basic requirements for establishing a psychiatry hospital or wing.
The monopolies and restrictive trade practices act 1969
The Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act 1969 aims to ensure fair competition in India and prevent concentration of economic power. It prohibits monopolistic, restrictive, and unfair trade practices. The Act gives the MRTP Commission authority to investigate complaints around such practices, issue orders to stop them, and compensate parties suffering losses. It also allows the central government to regulate production and fix terms for monopolies to prevent harm to competition. The Act has been amended over time to better control monopolies and regulate restrictive or unfair trade practices in India.
Industrial dispute
The document discusses various aspects of industrial relations including objectives like avoiding conflict, raising productivity, and improving workers' economic conditions. It covers topics such as industrial disputes, their causes and settlement methods, collective bargaining, trade unions, worker participation, grievance procedures, and disciplinary actions. The overall goal of industrial relations is to develop harmonious relationships between employees and employers in organizations.
Consumer decision making process
1) The document discusses the consumer decision making process, which involves need recognition, information search, and evaluation of alternatives.
2) It examines factors that influence consumer behavior such as cultural, social, and personal characteristics as well as the psychological processes of motivation, perception, learning, beliefs, and attitudes.
3) The stages of the consumer decision process are outlined as need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior.
Mental health
This document discusses mental health and mental illness. It begins by defining mental health and describing common and less common mental health problems. It then discusses the significance of mental health, noting that nearly half of people worldwide experience mental illness. The document outlines stigma associated with mental illness and describes experiences of stigma. It discusses etiology and contributing factors of mental illness, classification of mental disorders, signs and symptoms, prevention, and treatment including medication, psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, hospitalization, and community support programs. It provides an overview of mental health services and programs in India.
Economics ppt
The document discusses rationing, which is the government allocation of goods during times of scarcity, and how it can constrain consumer choices by limiting the quantities they can purchase. Rationing is analyzed using indifference curves, which show combinations of goods that provide the same level of satisfaction, and it is explained that rationing may raise or lower consumer welfare depending on whether the rationed amounts meet an individual's needs and preferences. The document concludes that a rationing scheme that allows consumers to purchase different amounts based on their preferences would improve consumer welfare over an equal allocation scheme.
Employee motivation
The Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces group uses various motivational programs to engage and retain employees. These include the Taj People Philosophy framework, a Balanced Scorecard system, and the STAR recognition system. The STAR system awards points to employees for excellence in work, customer service, and other values. Points can be redeemed for rewards. These programs have helped Taj Hotels achieve high employee retention rates and recognition like the Hermes Award for innovation in human resources. Case studies show how Taj Hotels' culture and employee commitment have been lauded by institutions like Harvard Business School.
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みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
ここ3000字までしか入らないけどタイトルの方がたくさん文字入ると思います。
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Epidemiology
- 1. EPIDEMIOLOGY
- 2. CLASSIFICATION OF STATISTICAL DATA • According to Nature Quantitative data Qualitative Data • According to Source Primary data Secondary data
- 3. CLASSIFICATION OF STATISTICAL DATA • According to Arrangement Ungrouped data Grouped Data • According to measurement Discrete data Continuous data
- 4. PRESENTATION OF STATISTICAL DATA • Tabular form Reference purpose or general Special purpose or text • Bar charts Subdivided Multiple • Pie diagram • Time series line graph
- 5. PRESENTATION OF STATISTICAL DATA • Pareto chart • Histogram • Ogive • Lorenz curve
- 6. SOURCES OF DATA Primary Secondary Tertiary Autobiographies Abstracts correspondence Biographies bibliographies descriptions of prior books & papers on a chronologies travel topic classifications diaries literary criticism & dictionaries & literary works interpretation encyclopaedia interviews history & historical criticism directories personal narratives political analyses guidebooks and manuals paintings and reviews of law and population registers photographs legislation statistics essays on morals and ethics analyses of social policy study and teaching material
- 7. SAMPLING • It is concerned with the selection of a subset of individuals from within a population to estimate characteristics of the whole population. • Researchers rarely survey the entire population because the cost of a census is too high. • The three main advantages of sampling are that the cost is lower, data collection is faster, and since the data set is smaller it is possible to ensure homogeneity and to improve the accuracy and quality of the data.
- 8. METHODS OF SAMPLING • Simple random • Systematic • Stratified • Cluster • Probability proportional to size • Quota sampling • Accidental • Line-intercept • Panel