This document discusses key topics in environmental studies including natural resources, ecosystems, biodiversity, and individual roles in environmental protection. It defines the environment and different types of environments. Natural resources like land, forests, minerals, food, and water are described as well as different energy sources like solar, wind, hydroelectric, and fossil fuels. The structure and functions of ecosystems and different ecosystem types are outlined. Biodiversity values and threats are explained along with conservation methods like protected areas and individual efforts to support biodiversity.

1. Environmental Studies
Mr. Sunil M Kulkarni

2. Topics
• Introduction of environmental studies
• Natural resources and energy resources
• Eco-system
• Bio-diversity

3. Definition and types
• Environment : French meaning surrounding
Def. : Environment is sum total of condition
within which an organism lives.
Types of Environment
1. Natural –solar family ,air,
water, soil & plants
1. Artificial – social, economical, technological,
cultural, political, educational, legal and
aesthetic.

4. Need
1. Population explosion
2. No awareness in literate and ill-literate
3. Env. Protection acts are soft, limited and simple
4. No control over industrialization
5. Unlimited use of natural resources
6. Environmental protection is not taken as
immediate need.

5. Scope
(1991 Supreme court ordered to add EVS in
educational curriculum)
• Pre -primary
• Primary
• Secondary
• Higher secondary
• College
• University
• Non-formal education

6. Your role
1. Awareness
2. Motivation
3. Disseminate knowledge and experience
4. Share values

7. Your role ct.
5. Develop the skills to solve environmental
problems
6. Evaluate nature’s status.
7.Active participation in save the environment
8. Practice eco-friendly life style.

8. Natural resources and energy resources
• Natural resources :Any things in environment
that are useful for living creature.
Types
• Biotic and abiotic
• Renewable and non-renewable.

9. Natural resources
• Land : agriculture, construction,
• Forest- uses : food ,timber, fodder, humey ,
gum ,medicine,
• Minerals : nutrients , metal and ornaments
• Food : energy
• Water

10. Energy sources
• Solar- photosynthesis, water heater, cooker,
cell and solar vehicles
• Hydraulic - electricity
• Wind – wind mills
• Tidal- electricity

11. Energy sources ct.
• Geo-thermal – heat and electricity
• Coal and petro-chemical products
• Bio-mass – food , bio-gas plant
• Nuclear- electricity and treatment

12. Eco-system
• Eco-system is a region with a specific and
recognizable landscape form e.g. forest
Structure and function of eco-system
• Structure- producer, consumer and decomposer
living and non-living together
• Functions-Food chain & Evolution ( urbanization,
industrialization, deforestation, land reclamation,
calamities and competition of survival)

13. Types of eco-systems
1. Forest
2. Grassland
3. Dessert
4. Aquatic

14. Energy cycle/Web of life/
Food pyramid/

15. Bio-divesity
• Variety in living beings
Values
1. Consumptive ; Use- food, medicine and
commercial
2. Productive : make things of material
3. Social: religious and cultural practices related to
livings

16. Values
4. Ethical and moral : pilgrim places
5. Aesthetical and recreational : beautiful paces
& tourism
6. Knowledge : living beings and their living
pattern
7. Optional : unknown about the uses at present

17. Mega-bio-diversity and Hot spots
• Mega-diversity means variety of livings
– India is mega-bio-diversity nation.
• Hot spots means rich areas of bio-divesity
– Western ghat and Himalaya

18. Threats to bio-diversity
1. Immediate or direct visible
2. Ultimate or indirect visible
1. Immediate or direct visible
a) Habitat loss
b) Poaching of wild life
c) Man-wild life conflict
d) Climatic changes
e) Pollution

19. 2.Ultimate or indirect visible
• Improper resource management,
• No sustainable development
• Economic development
• Endangered species : tiger , rhino

20. Conservation of biodiversity
A. In –situation
B. Ex-situation
A. In –situation
1. Abhaya-aranya
2. Devrai
3. National park-highly restricted areas
4. Sanctuaries – low restricted areas

21. Movements to save bio-diversity
• Sustainable development
• Save tiger
• Chipko movement
• Silent valley

22. B. Ex-situation
• (Collection and preservation of genetic
material , artificial breeding , grown them and
leave to natural habitat.)
1. Laboratory
2. zoo

23. Individual efforts
• Protect the livings.
• Educate to people about importance of
biodiversity
• Watch and report malpractice related of
livings
• Legal action: CITES-Conservation of the trade
of endangered species.

24. Individual efforts ct.
• Support the nature caring agencies.
• (World Wildlife Fund )
• Monitor the number of livings.
• Sustainable economic development.
• Enrich the moral and ethical values