This document discusses environmental science topics including the definition, scope, and multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies. It outlines key components of the environment and national organizations involved. The document emphasizes creating public awareness of environmental issues and discusses methods to do so, including through educational institutions, media, and celebrations of environmental days. National wetlands and their importance are highlighted, along with India's designation of wetlands under the Ramsar Convention.
The multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies and natural resources Maitry Agrawal
The multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies and natural resources presentation will help you in knowing the actual meaning of environmental studies and it's scope and importance in layman's language. we will be also discussing about natural resources, types, individual's role in conservation of natural resources and sustainability.
Environmental studies and disaster management notes AFOR5221ISHAN DEWANGAN
1. Multidisciplinary Nature Of Environmental Studies: Definition, Scope And
Importance
2. Natural Resources: Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources, Natural Resources
and Associated Problems.
A) Forest Resources: Use and Over Exploitation, Deforestation, Case Studies
Timber Extraction, Mining, Dams And Their Effect On Forest And Tribal People.
B) Water Resources: Use and Over Utilization of Surface and Ground Water,
Floods, Drought, Conflicts Over Water, Dams- Benefits and Problems.
C)Mineral Resources: Use and Exploitation, Environmental Effects of Extracting
and Using Mineral Resources, Case Studies.
3. D) Food Resources: World Food Problems, Changes Caused by Agriculture and
Overgrazing, Effects of Modern Agriculture, Fertilizer Pesticide Problems, Water
Logging, Salinity, Case Studies.
E) Energy Resources: Growing Energy Needs, Renewable and Non-Renewable
Energy Sources, Use of Alternate Energy Sources. Case Studies
F) Land Resources: Land as A Resource, Land Degradation, Man Induced
Landslides, Soil Erosion and Desertification. Role Of an Individual in Conservation
of Natural Resources. Equitable Use of Resources for Sustainable Lifestyles.
4. Ecosystems: Concept of An Ecosystems, Structure and Function of An Ecosystems,
Producers, Consumers and Decomposers, Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
5. Ecological Succession, Food Chains, Food Webs, And Ecological Pyramids.
Introduction, Types, Characteristic Features
6. Structure and Function of The Following Ecosystem: A. Forest Ecosystems B.
Grassland Ecosystems C. Desert Ecosystems D. Aquatic Ecosystems (Ponds,
Streams, Lakes, Rivers, Oceans, Estuaries)
7. Biodiversity and Its Conservation: Introduction, Definition, Genetic, Species &
Ecosystem and Diversity and Biogeographical Classification of India. Value Of
Biodiversity: Consumptive Use, Predictive Use, Social, Ethical, Aesthetic And Option
Values. Biodiversity At Global, National and Local Levels, India as A Mega- Diversity
Nation. Hotspots Of Biodiversity.
8. Threats to Biodiversity: Habitat Loss, Poaching of Wildlife, Man- Wildlife Conflicts.
Endangered And Endemic Species of India. Conservation Of Biodiversity:
In-Situ and Ex-Situ Conservation of Biodiversity.
9. Environmental Pollution: Definition, Causes, Effects And Control Measures Of Air,
Water, Soil, Marine, Noise, Thermal Pollution, Nuclear Hazards. Solid Waste
Management: Causes, Effects and Control Measure of Urban and Industrial Wastes.
Role Of Individual in Prevention of Pollution.
10. Social Issues and Environment: From Unsustainable to Sustainable Development,
Urban Problems Related to Energy, Water Conservation, Rain Water Harvesting,
Watershed Management Environmental Ethics: Issues and Possible Solutions,
Climate Change, Global Warming, Acid Rains, Ozone Layer Depletion, Nuclear
Accidents and Holocaust. Dies, Wasteland Reclamation. Consumerism And Waste
Products. Etc.
All syllabus have been included.
Indira Gandhi krishi vishwavidyalaya raipur
Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studiesArunpandu2
Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies; definition, scope and importance is a unit of environmental studies and disaster management course of bsc agriculture
The multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies and natural resources Maitry Agrawal
The multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies and natural resources presentation will help you in knowing the actual meaning of environmental studies and it's scope and importance in layman's language. we will be also discussing about natural resources, types, individual's role in conservation of natural resources and sustainability.
Environmental studies and disaster management notes AFOR5221ISHAN DEWANGAN
1. Multidisciplinary Nature Of Environmental Studies: Definition, Scope And
Importance
2. Natural Resources: Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources, Natural Resources
and Associated Problems.
A) Forest Resources: Use and Over Exploitation, Deforestation, Case Studies
Timber Extraction, Mining, Dams And Their Effect On Forest And Tribal People.
B) Water Resources: Use and Over Utilization of Surface and Ground Water,
Floods, Drought, Conflicts Over Water, Dams- Benefits and Problems.
C)Mineral Resources: Use and Exploitation, Environmental Effects of Extracting
and Using Mineral Resources, Case Studies.
3. D) Food Resources: World Food Problems, Changes Caused by Agriculture and
Overgrazing, Effects of Modern Agriculture, Fertilizer Pesticide Problems, Water
Logging, Salinity, Case Studies.
E) Energy Resources: Growing Energy Needs, Renewable and Non-Renewable
Energy Sources, Use of Alternate Energy Sources. Case Studies
F) Land Resources: Land as A Resource, Land Degradation, Man Induced
Landslides, Soil Erosion and Desertification. Role Of an Individual in Conservation
of Natural Resources. Equitable Use of Resources for Sustainable Lifestyles.
4. Ecosystems: Concept of An Ecosystems, Structure and Function of An Ecosystems,
Producers, Consumers and Decomposers, Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
5. Ecological Succession, Food Chains, Food Webs, And Ecological Pyramids.
Introduction, Types, Characteristic Features
6. Structure and Function of The Following Ecosystem: A. Forest Ecosystems B.
Grassland Ecosystems C. Desert Ecosystems D. Aquatic Ecosystems (Ponds,
Streams, Lakes, Rivers, Oceans, Estuaries)
7. Biodiversity and Its Conservation: Introduction, Definition, Genetic, Species &
Ecosystem and Diversity and Biogeographical Classification of India. Value Of
Biodiversity: Consumptive Use, Predictive Use, Social, Ethical, Aesthetic And Option
Values. Biodiversity At Global, National and Local Levels, India as A Mega- Diversity
Nation. Hotspots Of Biodiversity.
8. Threats to Biodiversity: Habitat Loss, Poaching of Wildlife, Man- Wildlife Conflicts.
Endangered And Endemic Species of India. Conservation Of Biodiversity:
In-Situ and Ex-Situ Conservation of Biodiversity.
9. Environmental Pollution: Definition, Causes, Effects And Control Measures Of Air,
Water, Soil, Marine, Noise, Thermal Pollution, Nuclear Hazards. Solid Waste
Management: Causes, Effects and Control Measure of Urban and Industrial Wastes.
Role Of Individual in Prevention of Pollution.
10. Social Issues and Environment: From Unsustainable to Sustainable Development,
Urban Problems Related to Energy, Water Conservation, Rain Water Harvesting,
Watershed Management Environmental Ethics: Issues and Possible Solutions,
Climate Change, Global Warming, Acid Rains, Ozone Layer Depletion, Nuclear
Accidents and Holocaust. Dies, Wasteland Reclamation. Consumerism And Waste
Products. Etc.
All syllabus have been included.
Indira Gandhi krishi vishwavidyalaya raipur
Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studiesArunpandu2
Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies; definition, scope and importance is a unit of environmental studies and disaster management course of bsc agriculture
Environmental science Module 1 Topic. This PPT is not a work of mine and was provided by our college professor during our graduation, so I am not sure about the original author. The credit goes to the Original author.
INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENT & NATURAL RESOURCEShkokani2461
Environment is derived from the French word Environner, which means to
encircle or surround. Environment is defined as the sum total of water, air, land and the interrelationships that exist among them and with the human beings, other living organisms and
materials.
Introduction to environment and environmental studiesSURYAKANTVERMA2
“Environmental studies” is the scientific study of our environment and our place in it.
Definition: “Environmental studies” is the study of environmental issues.
It has broader coverage than environmental science and includes social aspects of environment also.
Environmental science Module 1 Topic. This PPT is not a work of mine and was provided by our college professor during our graduation, so I am not sure about the original author. The credit goes to the Original author.
INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENT & NATURAL RESOURCEShkokani2461
Environment is derived from the French word Environner, which means to
encircle or surround. Environment is defined as the sum total of water, air, land and the interrelationships that exist among them and with the human beings, other living organisms and
materials.
Introduction to environment and environmental studiesSURYAKANTVERMA2
“Environmental studies” is the scientific study of our environment and our place in it.
Definition: “Environmental studies” is the study of environmental issues.
It has broader coverage than environmental science and includes social aspects of environment also.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Phone Us ❤85270-49040❤ #ℂall #gIRLS In Surat By Surat @ℂall @Girls Hotel With...
evs-200327161243.pptx
1. Topic: Introduction, Definition and Multidisciplinary
nature of Environmental Sciences, Scope of EVS,
Components of Environment,National Organisations,
Awareness among Public, Conventions.
Dr. Prasanth B, Associate Professor,
Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Muvattupuzha
2. • Importance of Environmental studies
1. Understand our surroundings.
2. Scientific thinking is developed.-degradation.
3. Overcome these factors.
• . Save plants and animals from extinction.
• . Overuse of agrochemicals-deterioration.
• 4.Age of science and technology-ecotechnology:
blending of traditional knowledge and modern technology.
• 5.Conserve fast depleting resources.
• 6.Draw attention towards population explosion,
degradation of natural resources, environmental
pollution and methods of solving those problems.
• 7.Understand and solve problems-soil erosion,water
crisis, natural disasters.
3. • Objectives
1. Aware of our surroundings.
2. Realisation of social responsibilities-only resp. For degradn.
3. Develop scientific attitude-EVS related to other sciences.
4. Constructive thinking- good citizen
5. Love of nature.
6. Improvement in quality of life, environment.
7. Efficient by educating ourselves.
8. Prevention of pollution.
9. Protection from natural disasters.
10. Sense of conservation of natural resources-Judicious use
4. Methods to create awareness
By creating awareness- work together-to improve environment-
which is basis of our life.
National and International Environmental organisation
Govt and Non-govt-educate the people.
Main Aim of Env. studies
. Over exploitation of resources by developed countries.
. Increasing population.
NO IMMEDIATESOLUTION.
RESULTS OF ENV. DEGRADATION-FLOODS,DROUGHT,
EARTHQUAKES,POLLUTION,ACID RAIN,DEPLETION OF OZONE
LAYER,GLOBAL WARMING,MELTING OF POLAR ICE CAPS AND
GLACIERS,EXTINCTION OF SPECIES,DEFORESTERATION.
5. • Try to lead the students towards positive action to improve
the environment.
1. Analyse the factors responsible for degradation.
2. Students will inturn create awareness in public.
3. Will not take actions-which further deteriorate environment.
Eg: use minimum natural resources.
4. Go to society-make movement by organising the people
against env. Degr.-will compell the govts to take necessary
steps.
5.Hep to prevent and decrease the unnecessary consumerism
and use of natural resources.
Future generations-take a sigh of relief on the earth.
Present generation-feel sorry for their mistakes.
6. • Environment literally means “surroundings.”
• Sum total of external materials, both living
and non-living, events and forces of nature
which influence an organism without
becoming its intrinsic component.
• Douglass and Holland:
Term env. “ Is used to describe in the aggregate,
all the external forces,influences and
conditions,which affect the life,
nature,behavour and growth,development
and maturity of living organisms.”
7. • Env. Sciences: scientific study of the env.
System and the status of its inherent or
induced changes on organisms. It induces not
only the study of physical and biological
characters of the environment but also the
social and cultural factors and the impact of
man on environment.
8. • Components of Environment
1. Physical or Abiotic Components
a.Climatic factors:
Light, Temp.,
Rainfall,Humidity, Atm.gases,wind
b.Topographic factors:
Ht.from sea level,
direction of mountains and valleys., slope of
hills, exposure to sunlight, distance from
equator, sea.
9. • C. Edaphic or soil factors:
Fertility,Colour,Quality, Organic matter,
2.Biological Components:
Vegetn.,animals, Microorganisms-Bacteria,
Fungi, Actinomycetes.
3. Social components:
Population, Social system, social changes,
relationships, urbanisation
4.Cultural components
Political, economic,moral values-life, religion, industries.
10. • 5. Psychological components
Life realities,self concepts, levels of desires,life
space,neighbours,goals of life, env.of work
place, work satisfaction.
Interrelationship between Env. Components.
At any moment under natural conditions:
Life of org. Affected by sum total of all env.
factors,not by any individual factor.
Interrelated- Inc. In temp., decr. In humidity
11. Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies
Area of study is large, as org. Is affected by living or non living
substances, force or change.
All subjects contributed for understanding the environment:
Eg:Physics, Chemistry,biology, geography,climatology or
metereology, geology, economics, engineering,statistics,
computer science,philosophy,law, management.
EVS considered: as an applied science: tries to find solutions.
Eg: how to sustain human civilisation ,by lim. Earth resources.
how to make agriculture sustainable.
how to manage water resources.
how to prevent and control pollution.
how to obtain sustainable economic growth.
12. • Scope of EVS
Every industry: maintain minimum quality of environment.
1. Health Services: clean drinking water, test quality of food.
2. Pollution Control: find factors pollute environment.
soaps, phenyl, cosmetics, electronic appliances,kitchen gas.
3. Agriculture and forestry: harmful:chemicals, fertilizers.
Alternatives: organic farming, vermiculture, biodegradable
pesticides.
Env. Experts needed in forestry programs.
Forests directly related to global environment.
Healthy env. And Healthy economy: minimum of 33 %
Decreased to 11 % in India, 2 % in Punjab.
4. Optimum landuse and fertility: help in conservation of land.
Factors resp. For soil erosion, dec. In fertility.
13. • Eg: shortage of org. Matter.
• imbalanced and overuse of chem. Fertilizers.
• improper use of irrigation water.
• Remedy: 1. Soil conservation in watershed areas of rivers by
afforestration and reforesteration.
• Increase soil capacity to absorb water.
• Decrease flood and droughts.
• Increase in underground water.
• 5.Quality control of products and their
commercialisation
• Quality of pdts. Tested-so that donot deteriorate
environment.
• Various trademark used for commercialisation: ISO and ISI.
14. • 6. Meteorology
• Make predictions-studying atmosphere and oceans.
• Identify what type of effect by various pollutants.
• Eg: Thinning of ozone layer.
• Increase in conc. Of pollutant gases-global warming, acid rain.
• 7.Biogeography
• Vegetation and animal life depends on local conditions
• Climate, soil quality, rainfall, temperature,distance from sea
and equator.
• Pollution will affect the climatic conditions, experts find the
causes and guide administrative bodies to take control
measures.
15. 8. Computer and Statistics
• Various data collected by computers.
• Analysed by computer and records and stored.
Eg: Conc. Of atmos. Gases.
Conc. Of pollutants.
Weather predn. After analysing data by various instruments.
Monsoon predictions.
9. Env. And Social studies.
Social customs and culture affect-thought and action.
Eg:Old tradn.: worshipping of trees, animals and rivers.
Conservation of dense forests, wild life and clean rivers.
Due to industrialisation, western culture-led to-deforestearation,
rivers dried, wildlife at brink of extinction.
16. • Economics and Development
Knowledge through which: raise our living std. Through using
optimum money and resources.
Only limited resources but consumption at faster rate.
At brink of extinction: so many species.
Environmental experts compelled the world nations
a. Sustainable development: sustainable use of resources without
degradation of environment.
b.Environmental economics: great role in planning and
implementation of developmental projects.
17. • 11. Emerging New Fields of Environmental
studies.
So many specialised fields are emerging: provide a gretare scope
to students of this field.
a. Environmental Protection.
b. Environmental management.
c. Environmental laws.
d. Environmental engineering.
Wherever new policies or developmental projects are planned or
implemented
Environmental experts included.
18. • Need for Public Awareness
15 th and 16th century calamities –awareness abt dangers of env.
Pollution.
Unchecked extent: 1/3 rd of earth is now safe for life.
For 80 % world population: water-either scarce or contaminated.
Burdened with increasing population: crossed 6 billion mark in 1999.
Earths resources: eaten away by 20 % of worlds populn.
“BUT THERE IS ONLY ONE EARTH”
India’s greatest pollutant: ever expanding population.
. Eaten out forests.
. Degraded our land.
. Polluted our water systems.
. Sterilisation at the time of birth of second child.
19. . Complete bann on felling of trees for 10 to 20 years:
maintain dwindling forests.
.Tree plantation is an integral part of school and college
education.
Alternatives on disposal of dead by burning and dumping into
rivers.
Above measures were suggested by Khushwant Singh in
Hindustan times in his Saturday column.
.Prevention of env. Degradation become part of our lives.
.Individually reduce wastage of natural resources.
.Close watch of neighbourhood-inform govt. Authorities on
source of pollution.
20. • Methods to create awareness
. TV, Radio strongly influence public opinion.Join NGOs
and support conservation.
.Newspapers, magazines, various articles and posters.
.Through lectures, seminars, paintings, and slogans.
.Holding exhibition, street plays, debates, poster
comptn. Folk dances, public meetings.
.Environmental days celeberated enthusiastically.
.Students can motivate people of their home.
.Join eco clubs.
.Local activities-planting of trees
21. • Strictly ban use of speakers, pressure horns, noisy music
programmes, fire crackers. Duty of people to inform admin.
Authorities abt these activities.
• . Honour the persons in public meetings.environmentalists.
• Students encouraged to make careers in the field.
• Children-teach abt.ancient traditions and relegious
ceremonies-to motivate conservation.
• Leave bad habits-smoking, urination and defeacation at public
places, spitting, tobacco chewing, throwing solid wastes on
streets or roads.
22. National Environmental Institutions
Govt. As well as non-govt. (NGOs)
Agencies and Prog. Engaged in env. studies and env. Protection.
Non govt. Voluntary organisations : good jobs.
Organisations associated with Ministry of Environment , Forest and
climate change.(Dr. Harsh Vardhan)
“World wetlands Day 2019”
Wetlands (National wetland atlas: 4.7%) essential for water and food
and security
eg: High altitude wetlands of Himalayas
Floodplains of mighty rivers of Ganges and Brahmaputra.
Lagoons and mangroove marshes on the coastline and reefs.
Imp.:”Kidneys of landscape”-receive flows of water and waste from
upstream sources.
23. • Help stabilize water supplies
• Clense polluted waters
• Protect shorelines
• Recharge ground water aquifers.
• Combating impacts of climate change.
• Natural sponge-absobing and storing excess rainfall and
reduce flooding.
• During dry season, release the stored water, delay onset
of droughts.
• Reducing impacts of extreme weather condns floods,
droughts and cyclones.
• Threats: landfill, drainage, discharge of domestic and
industrial effluents, slid wastes, hydrological
alteration.over exploitation of natural resources.
• 35% wasteland lost since 1970.
24. Extensive foodchain and biological diversity in wetlands
make them “biological supermarkets.” or “liquid
assets.”
2nd February of each year celebrated as World wetland
Day to mark the date of adoption of
“ Ramsar Convention on Wetlands.”-held at
Ramsar, Iran in 1971- Intergovernmental treaty that
provides framework for national action and
international cooperation for conservation and wise
use of wetlands and their resources.
170 contracting parties-designated 2339 Ramsar sites-
252 million hectar-worlds largest protected area.
25. India designated 26 wetlands-became part in
1982-under 9 designation area.
• endorsed by contracting parties, “the
maintanence of ecological character, achieved
through the implementation of ecosysytem
approaches, within the context of sustainable
development.”
• 2019 Theme: wetland and climatic change.
• National Plan for Conservation of Aquatic
Ecosystem(NPCA scheme).