This document provides an overview of environmental studies, including definitions of key terms like biosphere, ecosystem, and atmosphere. It discusses several types of pollution like atmospheric pollution, acid rain, ozone depletion, and greenhouse effect. The summary is as follows:
The document defines the environment and biosphere, and explains that man has interfered with natural processes through resource use and pollution. It then covers various topics related to the environment and pollution types, focusing on atmospheric pollution, acid rain, ozone depletion, and the greenhouse effect. The presentation aims to educate about the environment, biosphere, pollution sources and impacts, and environmental challenges.
The document discusses various types of environmental pollution including atmospheric, water, soil, noise and discusses their causes and effects. It provides information on key topics like the biosphere, ecosystem model, greenhouse effect, ozone depletion, acid rain, and more. The presentation aims to educate about the environment, different types of pollution, their sources and impacts on health and climate change.
The document discusses various types of environmental pollution including atmospheric, water, soil, noise and discusses their causes and effects. It provides information on key topics like the biosphere, ecosystem model, composition and layers of the atmosphere, primary and secondary pollutants, acid rain, ozone depletion, greenhouse effect and sources and health impacts of noise pollution. The conclusion emphasizes that environmental quality is essential for human survival and calls for collective efforts to preserve the environment for future generations.
The document discusses various types of environmental pollution including atmospheric, water, soil, noise and discusses their causes and effects. It provides information on key topics like the biosphere, ecosystem model, greenhouse effect, ozone depletion, acid rain, and more. The summary is as follows:
The document defines key environmental concepts and discusses various types of pollution affecting the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. It examines the causes of pollution from sources like transportation, industries and waste disposal. Secondary pollutants are formed from chemical reactions between primary pollutants. Environmental challenges from issues like greenhouse effect, ozone depletion, acid rain and their impacts are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of the environment, biosphere, ecosystems, atmosphere, and various types of pollution including atmospheric, acid rain, ozone depletion, greenhouse effect, and noise pollution. It defines key terms like biosphere, ecosystem, and the layers of the atmosphere. Diagrams show the biosphere model and how acid rain and the greenhouse effect occur. Tables list the major gases in the atmosphere and their sources and concentrations. Human activities like transportation, industry and waste are identified as leading causes of air pollution. The effects of pollution on health and the environment are also summarized.
This document discusses air pollution, its sources, and effects. It defines air pollution and lists major primary pollutants produced by human activity such as sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter. Secondary pollutants are also discussed. The health effects of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide are outlined. Dispersion of air pollutants is influenced by factors like lapse rate and inversion layers. Plume behavior patterns include looping, fanning, fumigation, and lofting. Methods to predict pollutant concentration using dispersion models and equations are presented.
Air pollution is introduced into the atmosphere by both natural and human sources. Some key pollutants are sulfur and nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, and particulate matter. Indoor and outdoor air pollution causes millions of premature deaths worldwide annually due to increased respiratory and heart disease. Exposure to air pollutants has widespread health impacts depending on the type, degree, and duration of exposure. Reducing air pollution can help decrease mortality and disease.
The document discusses various types of air pollutants including natural pollutants from sources like forests fires and volcanoes, primary pollutants emitted directly from sources like burning fossil fuels, and secondary pollutants that result from chemical reactions between primary pollutants. It then describes several major air pollutants in more detail like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter. The effects of air pollution on climate change and human health are also summarized.
Air pollution occurs when harmful substances released in or excessive quantities including gases, particles, and biological molecules to Earth's atmosphere. Life expectancy has gone down by 2.6 years due to air pollution. Delhi, Mumbai, Gurugram comes under most polluted cities of the world.
The document discusses various types of environmental pollution including atmospheric, water, soil, noise and discusses their causes and effects. It provides information on key topics like the biosphere, ecosystem model, greenhouse effect, ozone depletion, acid rain, and more. The presentation aims to educate about the environment, different types of pollution, their sources and impacts on health and climate change.
The document discusses various types of environmental pollution including atmospheric, water, soil, noise and discusses their causes and effects. It provides information on key topics like the biosphere, ecosystem model, composition and layers of the atmosphere, primary and secondary pollutants, acid rain, ozone depletion, greenhouse effect and sources and health impacts of noise pollution. The conclusion emphasizes that environmental quality is essential for human survival and calls for collective efforts to preserve the environment for future generations.
The document discusses various types of environmental pollution including atmospheric, water, soil, noise and discusses their causes and effects. It provides information on key topics like the biosphere, ecosystem model, greenhouse effect, ozone depletion, acid rain, and more. The summary is as follows:
The document defines key environmental concepts and discusses various types of pollution affecting the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. It examines the causes of pollution from sources like transportation, industries and waste disposal. Secondary pollutants are formed from chemical reactions between primary pollutants. Environmental challenges from issues like greenhouse effect, ozone depletion, acid rain and their impacts are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of the environment, biosphere, ecosystems, atmosphere, and various types of pollution including atmospheric, acid rain, ozone depletion, greenhouse effect, and noise pollution. It defines key terms like biosphere, ecosystem, and the layers of the atmosphere. Diagrams show the biosphere model and how acid rain and the greenhouse effect occur. Tables list the major gases in the atmosphere and their sources and concentrations. Human activities like transportation, industry and waste are identified as leading causes of air pollution. The effects of pollution on health and the environment are also summarized.
This document discusses air pollution, its sources, and effects. It defines air pollution and lists major primary pollutants produced by human activity such as sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter. Secondary pollutants are also discussed. The health effects of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide are outlined. Dispersion of air pollutants is influenced by factors like lapse rate and inversion layers. Plume behavior patterns include looping, fanning, fumigation, and lofting. Methods to predict pollutant concentration using dispersion models and equations are presented.
Air pollution is introduced into the atmosphere by both natural and human sources. Some key pollutants are sulfur and nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, and particulate matter. Indoor and outdoor air pollution causes millions of premature deaths worldwide annually due to increased respiratory and heart disease. Exposure to air pollutants has widespread health impacts depending on the type, degree, and duration of exposure. Reducing air pollution can help decrease mortality and disease.
The document discusses various types of air pollutants including natural pollutants from sources like forests fires and volcanoes, primary pollutants emitted directly from sources like burning fossil fuels, and secondary pollutants that result from chemical reactions between primary pollutants. It then describes several major air pollutants in more detail like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter. The effects of air pollution on climate change and human health are also summarized.
Air pollution occurs when harmful substances released in or excessive quantities including gases, particles, and biological molecules to Earth's atmosphere. Life expectancy has gone down by 2.6 years due to air pollution. Delhi, Mumbai, Gurugram comes under most polluted cities of the world.
This document discusses air pollution, including its definition, sources, classification of pollutants, effects, and control methods. It defines air pollution as the presence of contaminants that can harm humans, animals, plants or property. Primary sources include stationary sources like power plants and mobile sources like vehicles. Major pollutants include particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide. Air pollution can negatively impact human health, plants, and materials. Control methods include preventing pollution at the source and using equipment like scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators and fabric filters to capture pollutants.
The document presents information about air pollution from a presentation outline. It defines air pollution and discusses the types, units of measurement, sources, impacts and control of various air pollutants. Specifically, it outlines the six major criteria pollutants regulated by the EPA - carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide and particulate matter - and their health effects. It also briefly discusses the impacts of air pollution and methods to control pollution, such as cyclones, scrubbers and electrostatic precipitators.
This document discusses various types of air and water pollution. It begins by defining air pollution as the contamination of air by unwanted substances that have harmful effects. Major sources of air pollution are identified as vehicles, industries, biomass burning, and fossil fuel combustion. Effects of air pollution like acid rain, ozone layer depletion, and global warming are explained. Indoor air pollution from biomass burning is highlighted as a major issue for developing countries. Water pollution is defined as the addition of harmful substances to water bodies. Untreated sewage, industrial waste, and agricultural runoff are identified as primary sources of water pollution, which can contaminate drinking water and harm aquatic life. Methods of water purification like filtration, boiling, and chlorination
This document discusses air pollution, including types of pollutants and their sources. It identifies primary pollutants as those emitted directly into the atmosphere, and secondary pollutants as those produced through interactions between primary pollutants. Pollutants are further classified based on their physical state and sources, such as gases from fuel combustion, aerosols like smoke and mist from various processes, and natural contaminants from phenomena like volcanic eruptions. The document concludes with some individual actions that can be taken to reduce air pollution, such as recycling, using more efficient transportation and appliances, and planting trees.
1st place presentation given by Tiffany Medley at NJWEA 99th Annual Young Professionals Speaker Challenge.
In this presentation, Tiffany Medley, a Senior Project Manager for Cornerstone Environmental, explains why you should care about air pollution, breaking down not just the regulations but the reason why these regulations are in place such as the human health and environmental consequences of the primary air pollutants and greenhouse gases.
Checkout Tiffany's relevant blog post: http://www.cornerstoneeg.com/2014/06/11/greenhouse-gas-reporting-whats-horizon/
The document discusses various topics related to air pollution including:
1) Definitions of air pollution and examples of early observations of air pollution.
2) Examples of major air pollution episodes from 1930 to 1984 that caused deaths.
3) Health effects of air pollution on respiratory, cardiovascular and other systems.
4) Environmental effects such as damage to ecosystems, property and quality of life.
5) Sources of air pollution including natural processes and man-made stationary, transportation, industrial and waste sources.
This document discusses various types of environmental pollution including atmospheric, water, and soil pollution. It describes the major pollutants associated with each type of pollution such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter for atmospheric pollution. It also discusses the causes and effects of issues like acid rain, smog, and the depletion of the ozone layer. The document provides information on standards for water quality and causes of water pollution. It covers causes of soil pollution such as waste dumping, mining, and pesticides. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of different environmental pollutants and the pollution of air, water, and soil.
Jeremy Brug: Air pollution- its causes, effects and pollutantsJeremy Brug
What is air pollution? What are main causes of air pollution? How to reduce air pollution? How to be safe from air pollution? If you want answers of these questions then must check this presentation shared by Jeremy Brug. Get in touch with Jeremy Brug on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/JeremyBrugAustinman/
The document discusses various types of air pollution such as primary pollutants like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter. It outlines their sources like industries, vehicles, and effects on human health, plants, and the environment. The document also discusses issues like acid rain, ozone depletion, global warming, and their consequences. It mentions protocols like Kyoto and Montreal to control greenhouse gas emissions and ozone-depleting substances.
This a presentation about the Air pollution and its causes & effects for the educational uses
It describe the definitions, types, info diagrams, sources, effects, and their controls
I hope this science could be a benefit for anyone who search the information
This document discusses various types of air pollution including their sources and effects. It defines air pollution as atmospheric conditions produced by certain substances in concentrations that adversely affect humans and the environment. The major sources of air pollution include natural sources like volcanoes and man-made sources such as factories and automobiles. Primary pollutants are emitted directly while secondary pollutants form when primary pollutants interact chemically or physically in the air. The document outlines several primary and secondary air pollutants and their health effects. It concludes with some measures that can be taken to reduce air pollution.
Environmental chemistry is the scientific study of chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur in natural environments. It involves understanding how the uncontaminated environment works and the effects of human pollution through chemical releases. Some key forms of pollution discussed are air pollution including smog, acid rain, water pollution, soil pollution from pesticides and industrial waste, and stratospheric ozone depletion from CFCs. Proper waste management and disposal is important to control pollution and protect the environment.
The document discusses environmental chemistry, specifically the chemistry of the troposphere and stratosphere. It outlines several chemical reactions that occur in the atmosphere including the formation of acid rain, ozone, ammonium nitrates and sulfates, and carbon dioxide. It also discusses the release of oxides of carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, and volatile organic compounds associated with combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. Finally, it outlines problems associated with the release of these pollutants such as acid rain and hazardous inorganic and organic compounds like peroxyacetyl nitrate.
Definition, Composition of atmospheric air, Classification and sources of air
pollutants. Effects of air pollution on human, plant and material, Air pollution control methods, equipment and safety.
This document discusses air pollution, its sources, classification, and impacts on human health and the environment. It provides the following key points:
- Air pollution kills an estimated 7 million people worldwide each year. Many cities in India, including Delhi, are among the most polluted in the world.
- Both natural sources like dust storms and volcanoes as well as anthropogenic sources like vehicle emissions, industrial activities, and biomass burning contribute to air pollution.
- Major air pollutants are particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, and lead. Exposure can cause respiratory and cardiovascular issues.
- National standards have been established in India to monitor six criteria pollut
The document discusses air pollution from mobile sources such as vehicles. It describes how vehicle engines emit primary pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds. These primary pollutants can then undergo chemical reactions in the atmosphere to form secondary pollutants like ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter. The document also outlines strategies that have been used to control emissions from vehicles, including increasing combustion efficiency, adding catalytic converters, and switching to alternative fuels. However, rising vehicle numbers and miles traveled have kept mobile sources a significant contributor to air pollution problems.
This document provides an overview of various types of environmental pollution including air, water, soil, noise, thermal, and radioactive pollution. It discusses the causes and effects of each type of pollution and potential methods for prevention and control. The key points covered are:
1. It defines pollution and categorizes it into six main types: air, water, soil, noise, thermal, and radioactive pollution.
2. For each type of pollution, it discusses sources, harmful effects, and potential approaches to prevention and control such as reducing contaminants at the source, modifying processes, and proper treatment and disposal.
3. It emphasizes the need to control pollution through approaches like proper industrial siting, waste treatment, aff
The document discusses various types of environmental pollution including atmospheric, water, soil, noise and discusses their causes and effects. It provides information on key topics like the biosphere, ecosystem model, composition and layers of the atmosphere, primary and secondary pollutants, acid rain, ozone depletion, greenhouse effect and sources and health impacts of noise pollution. The conclusion emphasizes that environmental quality is essential for human survival and calls for collective efforts to preserve the environment for future generations.
Ecology & pollution control in textile industryDEVNARAYAN YADAV
This document outlines a course on ecology and pollution control in the textile industry. It covers 5 units: (1) an introduction to environmental pollution and pollutants from the textile industry, (2) air pollution including sources and effects, (3) water pollution and wastewater treatment, (4) other pollution treatment methods, and (5) noise pollution challenges. Key topics include classifying air and water pollutants, sources of pollution in textile mills, effluent treatment plants, and standards for textile processing effluents. Reference books on related environmental engineering topics are also listed.
This document provides an overview of air pollution. It defines air pollution and lists both natural and man-made sources. The primary pollutants such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds are identified. Secondary pollutants like sulfuric acid and photochemical smog are also discussed. The effects of air pollution on human health, property, climate, and aesthetics are outlined. The document also summarizes four research papers on topics related to air pollution monitoring using smartphones, estimating health benefits of reduced air pollution, methodological challenges in air pollution epidemiology, and the relationship between housing, home heating and air quality from a public health perspective.
This document discusses air pollution, including its definition, sources, classification of pollutants, effects, and control methods. It defines air pollution as the presence of contaminants that can harm humans, animals, plants or property. Primary sources include stationary sources like power plants and mobile sources like vehicles. Major pollutants include particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide. Air pollution can negatively impact human health, plants, and materials. Control methods include preventing pollution at the source and using equipment like scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators and fabric filters to capture pollutants.
The document presents information about air pollution from a presentation outline. It defines air pollution and discusses the types, units of measurement, sources, impacts and control of various air pollutants. Specifically, it outlines the six major criteria pollutants regulated by the EPA - carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide and particulate matter - and their health effects. It also briefly discusses the impacts of air pollution and methods to control pollution, such as cyclones, scrubbers and electrostatic precipitators.
This document discusses various types of air and water pollution. It begins by defining air pollution as the contamination of air by unwanted substances that have harmful effects. Major sources of air pollution are identified as vehicles, industries, biomass burning, and fossil fuel combustion. Effects of air pollution like acid rain, ozone layer depletion, and global warming are explained. Indoor air pollution from biomass burning is highlighted as a major issue for developing countries. Water pollution is defined as the addition of harmful substances to water bodies. Untreated sewage, industrial waste, and agricultural runoff are identified as primary sources of water pollution, which can contaminate drinking water and harm aquatic life. Methods of water purification like filtration, boiling, and chlorination
This document discusses air pollution, including types of pollutants and their sources. It identifies primary pollutants as those emitted directly into the atmosphere, and secondary pollutants as those produced through interactions between primary pollutants. Pollutants are further classified based on their physical state and sources, such as gases from fuel combustion, aerosols like smoke and mist from various processes, and natural contaminants from phenomena like volcanic eruptions. The document concludes with some individual actions that can be taken to reduce air pollution, such as recycling, using more efficient transportation and appliances, and planting trees.
1st place presentation given by Tiffany Medley at NJWEA 99th Annual Young Professionals Speaker Challenge.
In this presentation, Tiffany Medley, a Senior Project Manager for Cornerstone Environmental, explains why you should care about air pollution, breaking down not just the regulations but the reason why these regulations are in place such as the human health and environmental consequences of the primary air pollutants and greenhouse gases.
Checkout Tiffany's relevant blog post: http://www.cornerstoneeg.com/2014/06/11/greenhouse-gas-reporting-whats-horizon/
The document discusses various topics related to air pollution including:
1) Definitions of air pollution and examples of early observations of air pollution.
2) Examples of major air pollution episodes from 1930 to 1984 that caused deaths.
3) Health effects of air pollution on respiratory, cardiovascular and other systems.
4) Environmental effects such as damage to ecosystems, property and quality of life.
5) Sources of air pollution including natural processes and man-made stationary, transportation, industrial and waste sources.
This document discusses various types of environmental pollution including atmospheric, water, and soil pollution. It describes the major pollutants associated with each type of pollution such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter for atmospheric pollution. It also discusses the causes and effects of issues like acid rain, smog, and the depletion of the ozone layer. The document provides information on standards for water quality and causes of water pollution. It covers causes of soil pollution such as waste dumping, mining, and pesticides. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of different environmental pollutants and the pollution of air, water, and soil.
Jeremy Brug: Air pollution- its causes, effects and pollutantsJeremy Brug
What is air pollution? What are main causes of air pollution? How to reduce air pollution? How to be safe from air pollution? If you want answers of these questions then must check this presentation shared by Jeremy Brug. Get in touch with Jeremy Brug on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/JeremyBrugAustinman/
The document discusses various types of air pollution such as primary pollutants like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter. It outlines their sources like industries, vehicles, and effects on human health, plants, and the environment. The document also discusses issues like acid rain, ozone depletion, global warming, and their consequences. It mentions protocols like Kyoto and Montreal to control greenhouse gas emissions and ozone-depleting substances.
This a presentation about the Air pollution and its causes & effects for the educational uses
It describe the definitions, types, info diagrams, sources, effects, and their controls
I hope this science could be a benefit for anyone who search the information
This document discusses various types of air pollution including their sources and effects. It defines air pollution as atmospheric conditions produced by certain substances in concentrations that adversely affect humans and the environment. The major sources of air pollution include natural sources like volcanoes and man-made sources such as factories and automobiles. Primary pollutants are emitted directly while secondary pollutants form when primary pollutants interact chemically or physically in the air. The document outlines several primary and secondary air pollutants and their health effects. It concludes with some measures that can be taken to reduce air pollution.
Environmental chemistry is the scientific study of chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur in natural environments. It involves understanding how the uncontaminated environment works and the effects of human pollution through chemical releases. Some key forms of pollution discussed are air pollution including smog, acid rain, water pollution, soil pollution from pesticides and industrial waste, and stratospheric ozone depletion from CFCs. Proper waste management and disposal is important to control pollution and protect the environment.
The document discusses environmental chemistry, specifically the chemistry of the troposphere and stratosphere. It outlines several chemical reactions that occur in the atmosphere including the formation of acid rain, ozone, ammonium nitrates and sulfates, and carbon dioxide. It also discusses the release of oxides of carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, and volatile organic compounds associated with combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. Finally, it outlines problems associated with the release of these pollutants such as acid rain and hazardous inorganic and organic compounds like peroxyacetyl nitrate.
Definition, Composition of atmospheric air, Classification and sources of air
pollutants. Effects of air pollution on human, plant and material, Air pollution control methods, equipment and safety.
This document discusses air pollution, its sources, classification, and impacts on human health and the environment. It provides the following key points:
- Air pollution kills an estimated 7 million people worldwide each year. Many cities in India, including Delhi, are among the most polluted in the world.
- Both natural sources like dust storms and volcanoes as well as anthropogenic sources like vehicle emissions, industrial activities, and biomass burning contribute to air pollution.
- Major air pollutants are particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, and lead. Exposure can cause respiratory and cardiovascular issues.
- National standards have been established in India to monitor six criteria pollut
The document discusses air pollution from mobile sources such as vehicles. It describes how vehicle engines emit primary pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds. These primary pollutants can then undergo chemical reactions in the atmosphere to form secondary pollutants like ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter. The document also outlines strategies that have been used to control emissions from vehicles, including increasing combustion efficiency, adding catalytic converters, and switching to alternative fuels. However, rising vehicle numbers and miles traveled have kept mobile sources a significant contributor to air pollution problems.
This document provides an overview of various types of environmental pollution including air, water, soil, noise, thermal, and radioactive pollution. It discusses the causes and effects of each type of pollution and potential methods for prevention and control. The key points covered are:
1. It defines pollution and categorizes it into six main types: air, water, soil, noise, thermal, and radioactive pollution.
2. For each type of pollution, it discusses sources, harmful effects, and potential approaches to prevention and control such as reducing contaminants at the source, modifying processes, and proper treatment and disposal.
3. It emphasizes the need to control pollution through approaches like proper industrial siting, waste treatment, aff
The document discusses various types of environmental pollution including atmospheric, water, soil, noise and discusses their causes and effects. It provides information on key topics like the biosphere, ecosystem model, composition and layers of the atmosphere, primary and secondary pollutants, acid rain, ozone depletion, greenhouse effect and sources and health impacts of noise pollution. The conclusion emphasizes that environmental quality is essential for human survival and calls for collective efforts to preserve the environment for future generations.
Ecology & pollution control in textile industryDEVNARAYAN YADAV
This document outlines a course on ecology and pollution control in the textile industry. It covers 5 units: (1) an introduction to environmental pollution and pollutants from the textile industry, (2) air pollution including sources and effects, (3) water pollution and wastewater treatment, (4) other pollution treatment methods, and (5) noise pollution challenges. Key topics include classifying air and water pollutants, sources of pollution in textile mills, effluent treatment plants, and standards for textile processing effluents. Reference books on related environmental engineering topics are also listed.
This document provides an overview of air pollution. It defines air pollution and lists both natural and man-made sources. The primary pollutants such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds are identified. Secondary pollutants like sulfuric acid and photochemical smog are also discussed. The effects of air pollution on human health, property, climate, and aesthetics are outlined. The document also summarizes four research papers on topics related to air pollution monitoring using smartphones, estimating health benefits of reduced air pollution, methodological challenges in air pollution epidemiology, and the relationship between housing, home heating and air quality from a public health perspective.
The document discusses various types of pollution including air, water, noise, land, radioactive and thermal pollution. It provides definitions of each type of pollution, discusses their causes and effects. For each type of pollution, it also suggests ways to prevent or reduce pollution, such as using less fossil fuels, properly disposing of waste, and enforcing noise control regulations.
The document discusses different types of pollution including air, water, soil, and noise pollution. It defines each type of pollution and provides examples of causes and effects. Air pollution is caused by emissions from transportation, industry, and other sources. Water pollution involves contaminated water from chemical, particulate, or bacterial matter. Soil pollution results from industrial pollutants and pesticides. Noise pollution comes from sources like transportation, industries, and construction. Pollution affects both the environment and human health.
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants.
This document provides an overview of various types of environmental pollution including air pollution, acid rain, greenhouse gases, smog, and their causes and effects. It discusses six major air pollutants regulated by the EPA and sources of air pollution from industries and vehicles. Acid rain is caused by sulfur and nitrogen oxides from burning fossil fuels which can damage ecosystems and infrastructure. Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere and are contributing to global warming, with consequences like sea level rise and effects on human health and agriculture. The document also outlines different pollution control technologies.
Ions And Radicals In The atmosphere and ecosystemRashmiSanghi1
The document discusses various topics related to environmental sciences including global warming, ozone depletion, acid rain, biodiversity, pollution issues in India, and potential projects. It provides an overview of the key components of the environment - the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. Specific atmospheric constituents and reactions are examined, as well as the evolution of the atmosphere and role of carbon dioxide and water vapor. Radicals and ions present in the upper atmosphere are also mentioned.
The document discusses various types and sources of environmental pollution. It begins by defining pollution and describing how it is rising due to increased human activity and population growth. It then classifies pollutants based on their degradability and nature. It discusses two main types of pollution sources - point sources like factories that discharge directly into the environment, and non-point sources like agriculture runoff that are more diffuse. It provides an example of how DDT pesticide exposure led to declines in bird populations. Finally, it discusses different types of pollution like water, air, soil, noise and radioactive pollution and some of their key causes and impacts.
Pollution occurs when harmful substances contaminate the environment. There are many types of pollution including air, water, soil, noise, and thermal pollution. Air pollution is caused by both natural sources like forest fires as well as human activities such as burning fossil fuels. Water pollution results from sewage, industrial effluents, and agricultural runoff contaminating surface and groundwater. Pollution has negative effects on human health, plants, animals, and the environment. Proper control methods and policies are needed to monitor and reduce pollution.
Global warming is caused by greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide trapping heat in the atmosphere. This is due to factors like the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. The greenhouse effect allows life on Earth by keeping temperatures warm, but too much global warming threatens the environment through rising sea levels, more fires, and damage to ecosystems. Solutions include reducing electricity usage, driving and flying less, improving efficiency, and increasing renewable energy and reforestation efforts to remove carbon from the atmosphere.
The document discusses various types of environmental pollution including atmospheric, water, and soil pollution. It outlines the key causes and effects of different types of air pollution such as smog, acid rain, and the ozone hole. The document also discusses different strategies to control environmental damage such as proper waste management through landfills, reducing waste generation, and other avoidance and reduction methods.
This document discusses air pollution and its causes, effects, and potential solutions. It defines air pollution as a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air. The major causes of air pollution include the burning of fossil fuels for energy and transportation, industrial activities, agricultural activities, and vehicle emissions. The effects of air pollution include respiratory and heart problems, global warming, acid rain, impacts on wildlife, and depletion of the ozone layer. Proposed solutions include using public transportation, better household practices, conserving energy, reducing and recycling waste, developing clean energy sources, and using energy-efficient devices.
This document discusses the different types of pollution including water pollution, air pollution, thermal pollution, noise pollution, soil pollution, radioactive pollution, light pollution, and visual pollution. For each type of pollution, the document defines it, discusses the sources and causes, effects, and potential remedies. The types of pollution are caused by factors such as industrial waste, population growth, urbanization, and other human activities. Pollution negatively impacts the environment and living organisms by increasing global warming, degrading air and water quality, and threatening human health. The document emphasizes that collective efforts are needed such as proper waste disposal, reducing emissions, and increasing awareness to combat pollution.
Undesirable changes occurring in water which may harmfully affect the life activities of man and domesticated species.
An alternation in physical, chemical, biological characteristics of water making unsuitable for use.
The document discusses various types and sources of environmental pollution. It provides definitions for key terms related to pollution such as pollutant, contaminant, receptor, and sinks. The major types of air pollutants discussed are carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and particulates. The sources and effects of these pollutants are described, as well as various approaches to control pollution, such as catalytic converters and scrubbers. The formation of acid rain from nitrogen and sulfur pollutants is also summarized.
This document provides an overview of air pollution, including its definition, units of measurement, sources, classification of pollutants, types of pollutants, effects on the environment and humans, and actions to control and prevent it. It discusses key topics such as smog formation, temperature inversions, indoor air pollution, health impacts, effects on agriculture/forests, materials, acid rain, ozone depletion, and climate change/global warming. The document is an educational resource that comprehensively addresses the various aspects of air pollution.
Environmental chemistry is the study of the chemical and biochemical processes that occur in natural environments, including air, water, soil, and living organisms. It involves understanding the chemical properties and behavior of natural substances, such as minerals, gases, and organic matter, as well as the impact of human activities on the environment.
This document discusses the history and development of wireless power transmission and its potential effects on planetary exploration. It describes how pioneers like Nikola Tesla experimented with wireless power in the late 1800s and how technology has advanced since. The document outlines some of the limitations and benefits of wireless power transmission, as well as applications for planetary exploration. In the near term, wireless power could enable missions to remote locations on Mars and provide continuous power for sites. In the long term, it may allow for the colonization of Mars through supporting satellite networks, multi-settlement power grids, and environmental control systems.
This document discusses the history and development of wireless power transmission and its potential effects on planetary exploration. It describes how pioneers like Nikola Tesla experimented with wireless power in the late 1800s and how technology has advanced since. The document outlines some of the limitations and benefits of wireless power transmission, as well as applications for planetary exploration. In the near term, wireless power could enable missions to remote locations on Mars and provide continuous power for sites. In the long term, it may allow for the colonization of Mars through supporting satellite networks, multi-settlement power grids, and environmental control systems.
The document discusses the history and development of wireless power transmission and its potential effects on planetary exploration. It covers topics such as the technology behind wireless power including solar power, photovoltaic cells, and microwave beams. It also addresses limitations like cost, safety, and legal regulations. Some near term applications for Mars exploration mentioned are powering a mission to Meridian Planum and providing 24-hour power for remote locations. Long term, wireless power could enable the colonization of Mars through powering settlements, satellite networks, and environmental control systems.
This document discusses the history and development of wireless power transmission and its potential effects on planetary exploration. It describes how pioneers like Nikola Tesla experimented with wireless power in the late 1800s and how technology has advanced since. The document outlines some of the limitations and benefits of wireless power transmission, as well as applications for planetary exploration. In the near term, wireless power could enable missions to remote locations on Mars and provide continuous power for sites. In the long term, it may allow for the colonization of Mars through supporting satellite networks, multi-settlement power grids, and environmental control systems.
This document discusses wireless electricity or wireless power transfer. It explains that wireless electricity works through electromagnetic induction using coils to create magnetic fields that transfer energy between two objects resonating at the same natural frequency. Wireless power can be used to charge devices like phones, laptops, TVs, and electric vehicles without plugging them in. Current uses include wireless charging pads and electric toothbrushes, while future uses may include powering entire buildings wirelessly and reducing battery waste. The technology provides benefits of reliability, convenience and being environmentally friendly but costs remain to be determined.
The document discusses the benefits of meditation for reducing stress and anxiety. Regular meditation practice can help calm the mind and body by lowering heart rate and blood pressure. Studies have shown that meditating for just 10-20 minutes per day can have significant positive impacts on both mental and physical health over time.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
AI for Legal Research with applications, toolsmahaffeycheryld
AI applications in legal research include rapid document analysis, case law review, and statute interpretation. AI-powered tools can sift through vast legal databases to find relevant precedents and citations, enhancing research accuracy and speed. They assist in legal writing by drafting and proofreading documents. Predictive analytics help foresee case outcomes based on historical data, aiding in strategic decision-making. AI also automates routine tasks like contract review and due diligence, freeing up lawyers to focus on complex legal issues. These applications make legal research more efficient, cost-effective, and accessible.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
Environmental pollution vinay.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. Objectives
Man is one of the species who inhabit the
earth.he is the only one who has interfered with various
natural processes for use of both biological & physical
resources to meet his multiple demands,man has polluted all
the three realms of the earth-lithosphere,hydrosphere &
atmosphere.it is essential for us to know about environment
& its pollution.
In this presentation we will be able to know about-
•Environment
•Biosphere
•Ecosystem model
•Atmosphere
•Atmospheric pollution
•Primary & secondary pollutants
•Acid rain
•Ozone depletion
•Green house effect
•Noise pollution
6. That which surrounds, the total sum of the
condition of the surroundings within which an
organism, or group, or an object,exists(including
the natural as modified by human activity & the
artificial).
8. Atmosphere
Hydrosphere Lithosphere
Biosphere
The entire part of
earth's land, soil,
water & atmosphere in
which living organism
are found is called
biosphere
Or
The combined area
lithosphere,
hydrosphere of &
atmosphere is known
as biosphere.
Biosphere Model
9. Solar Radiation
Climate
Geology
Soil
Vegetation
Animals
Biotic
Component
Abiotic
Component
Sun provides energy for plant photosynthesis
Amount of solar radiation varies with
latitude & hence effects climate. solar
radiation also power weather systems
Soil [provides habitat including water & air for many invertebrates addition many animals
have evolved specialist cope with different soils for example the feet of camel.
Volcanic activity ,mountain, ranges etc.
can also affect climate
Climate interacts with geology in soil
formation provides water for solar climate.
Plants provides food for animals
Dead plants & animals decomposes & return nutrients to the soil.
Nutrients are also returned to the soil through animal excrement.
Vegetation gives off water vapour who helps to stabilize the climate of the earth.
Climate restricts the type of plants & animals that can survive in a
particular ecosystem. Water & temperature are two main climate controls.
Animals alter vegetation by browsing & grazing. Human have significantly
altered vegetation patterns through modification for agriculture.
Soil provides water & nutrients for plants
together with a physical base in which plants
can root themselves.
10. • Our current atmosphere is a
mixture of many different
gases & suspended particles. It
is almost same every where up
to an altitude of 80 Kms.The
atmosphere is divided in to 4
layers-
Name of
sphere or
layer
Height
in
Kms.
Temperatu
re
Important
Chemical
Species (Gas)
Troposphere 0-8 15 to 45 N2,O2,CO2,
H2
Stratosphere 8-50 -55 to 05 O3,O2
Mesosphere 50-80 -2 to -90 N2+O2
Ionosphere 80-
400
O2,O+,NO+
Exosphere 400-
1600
H2,He
12. Source Pollution
Transportation 42%
Fuel 21%
Industries 14%
Solid waste
disposal
05%
Other 18%
42%
21%
Transportation Fuel
Is an unwanted change in the
quality of earth's earths
atmosphere caused by
emission of gases caused by
emission of gases due to
burning of fossil
fuel,transportation,industrial
institution etc.
Industries waste Other
21%
14%
05%
18%
13. Different Pollutants
1. Gaseous waste: Oxides of
nitrogen,SO2,CO2,CO.Cl,Br,I,O3 & smog.
2. Complex organic chemicals: Benzene, ether.
3. Acid prop lets: H2SO4, HNO3
4. Agrochemicals: fertilizers,
pesticides,herbicixles,fungicides,
rematicides,weedicides,bectrecides etc.
5. Fluorides
6. Metals: Mercury,lead,Cd,Zn,Fe,Ni etc.
7. Solid wasre:Garbage,plastic etc.
8. Radioactive waste: Nuclear
reacters,uranium,nuclear explosion.
9. Noise waste
14. Secondary pollutants :These result from chemical reactions
between two or more air components.
Formation of secondary pollutants
2SO2+O2 2SO3
2SO3+H2O H2SO4 (Secondary pollutant)
Natural Pollutants: The pollution which comes out from natural
sources such as forest fires volcanic eruption decomposition of
organic matter & natural radioactivity.
Primary Pollutants: Harmful chemical that directly enters the
air as a result of human activity. These are deforestisation
burning of fossil fuel industrialization warfare etc.
15. Primary Pollutants Secondary Pollutants
Factory
Volcano
NO2,SO3,HNO3,
H2SO4,H2O2,O3,
PANs,MostNO3
--
& SO4
-2
CO,CO2,NO,Most
Hydrocarbons,
Most SPM
Solar radiation
16. Environmental challenges
• Green house effect: Increasing global temperature.
Scientists predicting that earth's temperature will increase
by 3-40
C by year 2030 if the pollution continues to increase
at the same pace.
• Ozone depletion: As ozone layer in the upper atmosphere
absorbs incoming harmful ultraviolet radiation but it is now
getting thinner & more UVs are reaching in to earth creating
different disease like cancer& eye problems.
• Photochemical smog: In 1952 London was covered by smog
for 10 days .This smog was caused by fog, smoke, ash,& SO2
plus NO2.Sunlight played a great role in the formation of this
smog .Though deaths occurring at that time were not
directly attributed to the smog later statistics confirmed
that 6,000 more people.
Acid rain: is caused by oxides of nitrogen & sulphur.It increases
acidity of soil & effects the growth of trees & plants. The
majestic monument Taj Mahal in India is also affecting by this.
18. A
Methane
Carbon
Dioxide
Nitrous oxide
Ozone
EarthEarth
Carbon
Dioxide
50%
Methane 18%
Chlorofluoroc
arbons
14%
Ozone 12%
Nitrous oxide 06%
Green house gases in natural
condition insulates the earth against
extreme of temperature by limiting
both incoming solar radiation &
escape of reradiated heat in to
space.
This natural balance may be
distorted by Green House
Effect as gases such as
carbon dioxide have built up
in the atmosphere trapping
more heat
sun
Infra-red
radiation
Atmosphere
Surface
Temperature
normal
Some reradiated
heat reflected
back to earth
Atmosphere
sun
Surface
Temperature
increases
More reradiated
heat reflected
back to earth
Less reradiated
heat escapes in
to space
Some reradiated
heat escapes in
to space
sun
Contribution of different gases
to cause green house effect
20. Ultraviolet rays
from Sun
The Ozone layer in
stratosphere
blocks these
harmful UV rays
Chlorofluorocarbons
are entering in to
atmosphere releasing
chlorine. The chlorine
than break down the
ozone
The chlorine released from CFCs break
down the ozone molecule.
chlorine
ozone
More ultraviolet radiations are reaching in to earths
surface as there is a whole in ozone layer.
Oxygen
Whole in
Ozone layer
21. Noise pollution
This era has rightly been called as the era of noise.because heavy
industrialization we are exposed to a high level of noise all around
us. Noise has become a very important stress factor in modern
life.it leads many health hazards.Some of the sources of noise
pollution are aircraft,automobiles,factories,loudspeakers& pop&
Rock-n-Roll music in clubs
. Noise produces following health problems-
1)Auditory fatigue
2)Deafness or impaired vision
3)Rise in blood pressure, pulse
rate
4)Headache
5)Nausea
6)Disturbed sleep
7)Emotional disturbances
22. Space vehicle
launch
Loudspeaker
Jet take off
Very High above than
100db
Loud Conversation
Heavy Traffic
High Approximate 80db
Quit Conversation
Ticking Clock
Pleasant below than
80dB
Quit RainingSports car
23. Noise Source Noise
Scale
Noise Source Noise
Scale
Breathing 10db Traffic noise 60-90db
Winds in trees 20db Sports car 80-90db
Quit conversation 20-30db Heavy truck 90-100db
Ticking clock 10db Motor cycle 105db
House in quiet
street
35db Thunder storm 110db
Radio music 50-60db Beat music (Electrically
amplified)
120db
Loud conversation 60db Air craft noise 90-120db
Office noise 60db Jet take off 120db
Children play 60-80db Jet engine 140db
Lawn mower 60-80db Space vehicle launch (From
a short distance)
140-170db
Vacuum cleaner 80db
24. Conclusion
We know that certain environmental conditions like air,water,& food
are essential for man,s survival.apart from their availability their
quality & quantity must be assured according to man,s natural &
acquired capacity for sustenance progress in industrialization has
brought environmental hazards such as air water & noise
pollution.These have caused many health problems & diseases.
As it has been said-
we do not inherit the environment from our
forefathers,we borrow it from future generation.
Stockholm conference of 1972 proclaims that:
The protection & improvement of human environment is a major
issue which affects the well being of people & economic development
throughout the world&it is duty of all governments & people to
common efforts for the preservation & improvement of environment
for the benefit of all people & their prosperity
25. ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
The word environment is derived from the French word
‘Environer’ which means to surround,surrounding or something
that surrounds . It refers to an area in which something exists or
lives.
The environment consists of three components , viz.
(1)Biotic [living]
(2)Abiotic [non living]
(3)Meteorological components
26. •Biotic components
Biotic components are the living things that
shape an ecosystem . The plants , animals and
micro-organisms form biotic component of the
environment
27. •Abiotic components
Abiotic components are the non-living things that shapes
an ecosystem .
Abiotic components include physical conditions and non-
living resources that affect living organisms in terms
of growth , maintenance .
For example atmosphere , water , etc are called Abiotic
components
28. IMPORTANT TERMS OF
ENVIRONMENT
•Lithosphere
The soil and rocky material on the earth crust is
called lithosphere . It contains valuable nature
resources like minerals , coal , petroleum , etc.
29. Importance of Environmental
Studies
Environment has a great role in the sustained development of any society . Natural
resources such as forest , soil, water, and minerals etc . It is important to have proper
knowledge of the environment , which is possible though environmental studies.
Moreover man through his own needs has made environment synonymous to
pollution . His unquenchable thirst for fulfilling his ever growing needs has lead to the
degradation of the environment . There is a every need to protect our environment by
preventing any further damage to it . Therefore a thorough knowledge of environment
is the need of the hour . Hence environment studies is important for proper utilization
of the environment and for protection and conservation of the environment .
30. •Hydrosphere
The water compound of environment is called hydrosphere .
It is habitat for number of aquatic animals and plants . Few
examples for hydrosphere lakes and seas, and sometimes
including water over the earth's surface, such as clouds.
31. •Atmosphere
The air component of the environment that surrounds earth surface is called
atmosphere . Atmosphere is mixture of many gases like nitrogen (78%) ,
oxygen (21%) and other gases mainly argon (1%) . The different layers of
atmosphere are troposphere , stratosphere , mesosphere , thermosphere ,
exosphere .
32. •Biosphere
The part of environment where life exist is called
biosphere . It includes lithosphere , hydrosphere
and atmosphere . The regions of the surface and
atmosphere of the earth occupied by living
organisms.
33. •Energy components
The different forms of energies available in
environment like solar energy , wind energy ,
thermal energy etc ., forms energy components of
the environment .
Sun is the ultimate source of energy for all living
beings in the environment .
It interacts with the various abiotic components
found in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and
lithosphere.
34. •Pollution:-The excessive concentration of
unwanted substance present in environment and
adverseley effects human beings , plants ,
animals is called pollution
•Pollutant:-A substance which is already present in
environment and cause pollution when the
concentration of substance increases is called pollutant
35. AIR POLLUTION
Air pollution is the introduction of harmful substances
including particulates and biological molecules into
Earth's atmosphere. It may cause diseases, allergies or
death in humans; it may also cause harm to other living
organisms such as animals and food crops, and may
damage the natural or built environment.
36. CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION
A) Natural causes:-
i. Air pollution can result from both human and natural actions. Natural
events that pollute the air include forest fires, volcanic eruptions, wind
erosion, pollen dispersal , evaporation of organic compounds and natural
radioactivity.
B) Artificial causes:-Man is responsible for most of the world's air pollution,
both indoors and outdoors. Everything from smoking a cigarette to
burning fossil fuels tarnishes the air we breathe and potentially causes
health problems as minor as a headache to as harmful as respiratory, lung
and heart disease. The issues related to air pollution are addressed by
ongoing efforts across the globe that seek to mitigate health and
environmental problems. These include American governmental programs
aimed at cleaning the air to primary-school volunteer sampling groups
throughout Eastern Europe. With luck, efforts like these will one day lead
to healthier air.
37. EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION
Air pollution can aggravate the medical conditions
of individuals with asthma and emphysema. Long-
term health effects can include chronic respiratory
disease, lung cancer, heart disease, and even
damage to the brain, nerves, liver, or kidneys.
38. EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION
Air pollution can aggravate the medical conditions
of individuals with asthma and emphysema. Long-
term health effects can include chronic respiratory
disease, lung cancer, heart disease, and even
damage to the brain, nerves, liver, or kidneys.
39. CONTROL METHODS OF AIR
POLLUTION
i. Tall chimneys should be installed in factories.
ii. Better designed equipment and smokeless fuels should be used in homes
and industries.
iii. Renewable and non- polluting sources of energy like solar energy , wind
energy , etc , should be used.
iv. Automobiles should be properly maintained and adhere to emission
control standards.
v. More trees should be planted along roadsides and houses.
40. WATER POLLUTION
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes,
rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater). This form of
environmental degradation occurs when pollutants are directly
or indirectly discharged into water bodies without adequate
treatment to remove harmful compounds.
41. CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION
Most water pollution doesn't begin in the water itself. Take the oceans around
80 percent of ocean pollution enters our seas from the land. Virtually any
human activity can have an effect on the quality of our water environment.
When farmers fertilize the fields, the chemicals they use are gradually washed
by rain into the groundwater or surface waters nearby. Sometimes the causes of
water pollution are quite surprising. Chemicals released by smokestacks
(chimneys) can enter the atmosphere and then fall back to earth as rain, entering
seas, rivers, and lakes and causing water pollution. That's called atmospheric
deposition. Water pollution has many different causes and this is one of the
reasons why it is such a difficult problem to solve.
42. EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION
The main problem caused by water pollution is that it kills life
that depends on these water bodies. Dead fish, crabs, birds and
sea gulls, dolphins, and many other animals often wind up on
beaches, killed by pollutants in their habitat (living
environment).Pollution disrupts the natural food chain as well.
43. CONTROL METHODS OF WATER
POLLUTION
i. DO NOT pour fat from cooking or any other type of fat, oil, or
grease down the sink. ...
ii. DO NOT dispose of household chemicals or cleaning agents down
the sink or toilet. ...
iii. DO NOT flush pills, liquid or powder medications or drugs down
the toilet. ...
iv. Avoid using a garbage disposal , etc .,
44. DEFORESTATION
Deforestation is the permanent destruction of forests in order to
make the land available for other uses is know as deforestation .
Deforestation occurs for multiple reasons trees are cut down to
be used or sold as fuel (sometimes in the form of charcoal) or
timber, while cleared land is used as pasture for livestock and
plantation
45. EFFECTS OF DEFORESTATION
Deforestation can have a negative impact on the
environment. The most dramatic impact is a loss of habitat
for millions of species. Eighty percent of Earth's land
animals and plants live in forests, and many cannot
survive the deforestation that destroys their
homes. Deforestation also drives climate change.