2. Pollution:
Influence of any substance
causing nuisance, harmful effects, and
uneasiness to the organisms
Pollutant:-
Any substance causing nuisance or
harmful effects or uneasiness to the
organisms, then that particular
substance may be called as the
pollutant.
3. Environmental Pollution:
Unfavorable alteration of our
surroundings
(or)
any undesirable change in physical,
chemical, or biological characteristics
of any component of the environment
i.e. air, water, soil which can cause
harmful effects on various forms of
life or property
9. Chemical composition of atmospheric air
Constituents %
Nitrogen 78
Oxygen 21
Argon (Ar) <1
CO2 0.037
Water vapour remaining
O3, He, NH3 Trace amount
10.
11.
12. Air pollution:
The presence of one or more
contaminants like dust, smoke, mist and
odour in the atmosphere which are
injurious to human beings, plants and
animals
Air pollutant:
A substance in the air that can
cause harm to humans and the
environment is known as an air pollutant.
13. Air quality standards
legal limits, placed on the concentration of air
pollutants in a community
Ambient air quality standards
permissible exposure of all living and non living
things for 24 hours per day, 7 days per week
14. Category Area Concentration in μg/m3
SPM SO2 NOx CO
A Industrial and mixed use 500 120 120 5,000
B Residential and rural 200 80 80 2,000
C Sensitive (Rich in
Biodiversity)
100 30 30 1,000
Indian Ambient air quality standards
20. Primary Pollutant Secondary pollutant
Are emitted directly from the
identifiable sources.
Example : COx, NOx, SOx, SPM
Primary pollutant undergo
photochemical reaction to give
new toxic products is called
secondary pollutant.
Example. HNO3, H2SO4, O3
21. Primary Pollutants Secondary Pollutants
Factory
Volcano
NO2,SO3,HNO3,
H2SO4,H2O2,O3,
PANs,MostNO3
-- & SO4
-2
CO,CO2,NO,Most
Hydrocarbons,
Most SPM
Solar radiation
22.
23. Indoor Air Pollutant Outdoor Air pollutant
Is arises due to indoor
environment within homes,
institutions, industries.
Example ; Tobacco smoke,
Biological pollutant, Radon gas
It alters the natural
characteristic of atmosphere.
Example. COx, NOx, SOx, SPM
HNO3, H2SO4, O3
43. The most common symptoms of carbon
monoxide poisoning are:
dull headache
weakness
nausea
vomiting
confusion
dizziness
chest pain
44. If you inhale a large amount of carbon
monoxide, your body will begin to
replace the oxygen in your blood with
carbon monoxide. When this occurs, you
could become unconscious. Death can
occur in these cases.
57. Source control Industrial control
1. Use only unleaded petrol
2. Use petroleum and other fuel
that has less sulphur and ash
content
3. Reforestation in the deforested
area
4. Industries and waste disposal
sites should be outside of the
city preferably downwind of
the city
1. Complete combustion in the
chamber by providing sufficient
supply of oxygen
2.Emission rates should be
restricted to permissible levels
by installing the any one of the
following pollution control
equipment in the industries
1. Electrostatic precipitator
2. Bag house filter
3. Cyclone separator
4. Wet scrubber
58. Catalytic convertor
is a vehicle emissions control device that converts toxic pollutants in
exhaust gas to less toxic pollutants by catalyzing a redox reaction
(oxidation or reduction).
Catalytic converters are used in internal combustion engines fueled by
either petrol (gasoline) or diesel—including lean burn engines.
It consists of array of tubes with porous ceramic which is filled
with the catalyst Platinum (Pt), Palladium(Pd) and heated to
300◦C. Unburnt HC and CO are converted
into CO2 and H2O
59.
60. Electrostatic precipitator
An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is a filtration device that
removes fine particles, like dust and smoke, from a flowing gas
using the force of an induced electrostatic charge
61. Bag house Filter
A baghouse (BH, B/H) or fabric filter (FF) is an air pollution
control device that removes particulates out of air or gas
released from commercial processes or combustion for
electricity generation
62. Cyclone separator
Cyclonic separation is a method of removing particulates from an air,
gas or liquid stream. Rotational effects and gravity are used to separate
mixtures of solids and fluids. The method can also be used to separate
fine droplets of liquid from a gaseous stream.
63. Wet Scrubbers
Wet Scrubbers are effective air pollution control devices for
removing particles and/or gases from industrial exhaust streams. Wet
scrubbers operate by introducing the dirty gas stream with a
scrubbing liquid – typically water.
