Environmental Governance in Pakistan
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Environmental governance in Pakistan has gone through several phases of development. Key events include the establishment of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency in 1983, the formulation of the National Conservation Strategy in 1992, and the enactment of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act in 1997. Following the 18th amendment to the constitution in 2010, environmental protection responsibilities were devolved to the provinces, each of which then established their own environmental protection acts after 2011. The timeline outlines the progression of environmental policies, regulations, and institutions over time at both the national and provincial levels in Pakistan.
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The document discusses environmental law in Pakistan. It provides definitions of environmental law and discusses its purpose of protecting the environment from pollution and conserving natural resources like air, water, land, and wildlife. It outlines Pakistan's key environmental laws like the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act of 1997. It also discusses the Pakistan Environmental Protection Council and Agency, which are responsible for implementing environmental regulations. Barriers to enforcing environmental laws in Pakistan include a lack of awareness, funding, and political support.
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- It requires projects to complete an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) or Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and get approval.
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The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has been active in Central Asia since the early 2000s, focusing on areas like resource efficiency, environmental governance, chemicals and waste management, ecosystems and climate change adaptation, and poverty and environment. UNEP works closely with the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea (IFAS) and its Executive Committee (ICSD) on initiatives to support green economy development and improve waste management in the region. Key ongoing projects include developing regional strategies on waste management and green economies, strengthening environmental governance, and building capacity on issues like climate change adaptation and low carbon development. UNEP aims to scale up its work in Central Asia in coming years on areas like sustainable trade, infrastructure, and green
PROGRAMMES OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION.pptx
UNO Started IEEP (International Environmental Educational Programme) in the year 1975. The first inter-governmental conference on environmental education was held at Tiblisi (soviet Georgia) in 1977.
1. Population Challenges in Pakistan
- With 243 million citizens, Pakistan is the fifth-most populated nation globally (Worldometer, 2023).
- Predicted to approach 300 million by the end of the century, surpassing the United States (United Nations).
2. Environmental Regulatory Boards and the Conceptual Model
The establishment of the Pakistan Ministry of Environment in 1975 was a pivotal response to the Stockholm Declaration of 1972. This move signified a commitment to addressing environmental concerns within the nation. Subsequently, in 1983, the Pakistan Environmental Protection Ordinance (PEPO) was drafted, marking the inception of the country's first environmental protection law (Ahsan & Khawaja, 2013).
3. PEPA-97, the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act of 1997
The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 (PEPA-97) was created and put into effect in 1997 with the goals of protecting, conserving, and restoring the environment as well as preventing and controlling pollution. Additionally, until 1997, a number of changes were made to the rules and regulations to improve their usefulness.
4. The Central Laboratory for Networking and Environmental Analysis
CLEAN Section 5 of the Pakistan Environmental Act (PEPA) 1997 established the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency. Enforcing PEPA 1997 rules and regulations is one of CLEAN's primary responsibilities.
5. Legal Enforcement Directorate of Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency
The Application of Law Enforcement and execution of environmental legislation and the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) are major responsibilities of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency's Legal Enforcement (L/E) Directorate.
Determine and remove obstacles that affect the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) and the enforcement of environmental legislation.
6. Environmental Pollution and Role of Regulations
6.1 The Global Challenge of Environmental Pollution
Environmental pollution poses a significant threat worldwide, and Pakistan is no exception. Despite its severity, insufficient efforts are being made to address this issue effectively. The government plays a pivotal role in environmental protection, but in Pakistan, finding effective strategies amidst financial crises, political instability, corruption, and law and order issues is a complex challenge.
Climate Change Impacts
While Pakistan is not a major emitter of greenhouse gases contributing to climate change, it still faces significant impacts. Climate change is a global problem that requires collaborative efforts from authorities, regulatory bodies, and the public. Working together is crucial to tackle these environmental challenges and pave the way for a healthier and sustainable future.
Environment Protection Act and Key Rules.pptx
The Environment Protection Act was passed in 1986 to provide a framework for coordinated environmental protection activities across India. It established the Central Government as the primary authority overseeing environmental protection. The Act gives the Central Government powers to coordinate actions, establish standards, restrict polluting industries, and enforce penalties. It also created umbrella legislation allowing subsequent rules to be enacted covering specific environmental issues like waste management, pollution control, and environmental clearances. The Act was motivated by the 1984 Bhopal gas tragedy and aimed to prevent future environmental disasters through stringent regulations and enforcement.
Jou
National Solid Waste Management in Malaysia generates over 17,000 tons of waste per day that is expected to rise to 30,000 tons by 2020. The government established policies and legislation to develop an integrated solid waste management system including the Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Act of 2007. This act created the National Solid Waste Management Department and Corporation to oversee waste reduction, recycling and disposal strategies like upgrading landfills and developing new sanitary landfills, material recovery facilities, and incinerators.
Nepal State Of Environment Report 2000
This document provides a summary of Nepal's State of the Environment Report from 2000. Some key points:
- Population growth and unsustainable use of natural resources have contributed to major environmental problems like land degradation, deforestation, and pollution.
- Only 30% of the population has access to piped water and only 7% has sanitation facilities. Water quality is degrading.
- Forest cover has declined significantly though community forestry programs have helped. Biodiversity faces threats from habitat loss.
- Solid waste is a major problem in cities and hazardous waste disposal needs improvement. Air pollution, especially from vehicles, is a concern in urban areas.
- Agriculture has increased but yields remain
Adaptation actions in Nepal
Nepal has taken several adaptation actions in response to climate change, guided by national policies and plans. Key actors implementing adaptation include government ministries and local governments working with NGOs and communities. Priority needs addressed are agriculture, water resources, disasters, forests, health, and urban infrastructure. The National Adaptation Program of Action guides implementation of community-level Local Adaptation Plans of Action to build resilience. Programs promote climate literacy, alternative energy, and community-based adaptation in areas like agriculture, though documentation of results needs improvement. Opportunities include strong policies and mainstreaming with other initiatives, while capacity and funding challenges remain.
Enviromental issues in pakistan
The document discusses several environmental issues facing Pakistan, including soil erosion, deforestation, water pollution, and improper waste management. It notes that rapid population growth and urbanization have put pressure on Pakistan's natural resources. The Sindh Environmental Protection Agency was established to regulate polluters and raise environmental awareness. The Sindh province recently passed its own environmental protection act to address issues like enforcing standards and conducting environmental impact assessments. However, questions remain about how it will transition from the previous national law and whether new rules and regulations need to be developed.
Similar to Environmental Governance in Pakistan (17)
National efforts in resource management and conservation
National efforts in resource management and conservation
Background of Environmental Laws: National Context (Part 2)
Background of Environmental Laws: National Context (Part 2)
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in Nepal.pptx
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in Nepal.pptx
GBF 2015, April 16th, Presentation of Ms. Sylvie Motard
GBF 2015, April 16th, Presentation of Ms. Sylvie Motard
More from Ayesha Akhtar
EIA Report on Ring road lahore
This document provides a summary of an Environmental Impact Assessment report for the proposed Lahore Eastern Bypass project in Pakistan. The 18.3 km project aims to connect key roads and reduce traffic congestion in Lahore. The EIA study involved assessing baseline environmental conditions, potential impacts of construction and operation, and mitigation measures. Key findings include minor impacts on air quality, noise and vibration during construction which can be mitigated. The report recommends implementing the Environmental Management Plan during construction and operation to minimize impacts and enhance benefits of the project.
GHG and its Effects
Greenhouse gases absorb and emit infrared radiation, trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere and causing the greenhouse effect. Without greenhouse gases, the average temperature on Earth would be around -18°C rather than the current 15°C. Major greenhouse gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone, which are emitted from sources such as burning fossil fuels, agriculture, deforestation, and industrial processes. These gases contribute to global warming by absorbing outgoing infrared radiation and warming the atmosphere.
Economic Evaluation of Eco-Tourism
The document discusses the economic valuation of eco-tourism. It defines ecotourism as responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, improves local welfare, and involves education. Ecotourism aims to support biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. The document outlines pros like economic improvement and cons like ecosystem degradation. It explains how ecotourism helps economic growth through job creation and increased tax revenue. The multiplier effect is described as additional income and spending stimulating further economic activity. Factors affecting Pakistan's eco-tourism potential and its contribution to GDP are also analyzed.
Biome, Aquatic Biome, Classification
This document discusses different types of aquatic biomes, including freshwater and marine biomes. It provides details on freshwater biomes like ponds, lakes, streams, rivers and wetlands. It also discusses the three main marine biomes: oceans, coral reefs and estuaries. Specific examples of aquatic life are given for Pakistan, including the Indus River dolphin, trout fish, sea snakes and turtles.
Mass media in shaping society
Mass media plays both positive and negative roles in shaping society. It can help spread awareness and support development efforts, but can also promote consumerism and false values. The three main perspectives on media's role are the limited effects theory, which argues media has a negligible influence; the class dominant theory, which says media reflects elite views; and the culturalist theory, which sees audiences as actively engaging with media. Media in Pakistan has played both positive roles like highlighting issues, and negative roles like not developing the national image and being a mouthpiece of the state.
Environmental Accounting
Environmental accounting seeks to track the use of natural resources and environmental degradation over time. It provides reliable data on resource availability and use to support sustainable resource management and policymaking. Approaches include physical accounting of stock and flow of resources, and monetary accounting which applies prices to physical resources. Accounts are prepared on resource reserves, extraction, use, and changes in environmental quality to assess sustainable income and intergenerational equity.
UNCBD
The UN Convention on Biological Diversity aims to conserve biological diversity, use its components sustainably, and share benefits from genetic resources fairly. It recognizes sovereign rights over natural resources but facilitates access for environmentally sound uses. Key provisions require identifying and monitoring biodiversity, establishing protected areas, promoting conservation both in and ex-situ, assessing impacts of projects, and accessing genetic resources with prior informed consent and benefit sharing. Pakistan is party to this agreement and has developed various plans and policies to fulfill its objectives.
EMS (ISO 14001)
1) The document discusses training and communication methods used to implement an environmental management system (EMS) according to ISO 14001 at a university. It includes a literature review, case study of a Swedish university's EMS implementation, and survey of staff perceptions.
2) The case study found that training 73% of staff increased environmental awareness. Methods like department meetings, websites and magazines were used for communication.
3) The survey found that 60% found EMS training relevant. Over 80% were aware of the environmental policy, and lack of time was the biggest barrier to environmental work reported.
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
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四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
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留信网认证的作用:
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留信网认证的作用:
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
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World Food Safety Day 2024- Communication-toolkit.
Food safety, prepare for the unexpected - So what can be done in order to be ready to address food safety, food Consumers, food producers and manufacturers, food transporters, food businesses, food retailers can ...
AHMR volume 10 number 1 January-April 2024
AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed online journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa. Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues.
2024: The FAR - Federal Acquisition Regulations, Part 40
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
How To Cultivate Community Affinity Throughout The Generosity Journey
This session will dive into how to create rich generosity experiences that foster long-lasting relationships. You’ll walk away with actionable insights to redefine how you engage with your supporters — emphasizing trust, engagement, and community!
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
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Environmental Governance in Pakistan
- 1. Environmental Governance in Pakistan PRESENTED BY: AYESHA AKHTAR
- 2. A Historical Timeline- Pre- Devolution Phase 1983- Pakistan Environmental Protection Ordinance and Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency was Established 1984- Provincial Environmental Protection agencies were planned 1987- Provincial Environmental protection agencies were established, Ministry of Environment and Pakistan Environmental Protection Council (PEPC) was established 1992- National Conservation Strategy developed by International Union of Conservation for nature and Natural Resources was launched and act as de facto environment policy for several years- identifies 14 core programme areas. 1993- Pakistan National Environmental Quality Standards for Effluents and Emissions 1994- with Prime Minister of Pakistan as its chairman. 1997- Enactment of Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997
- 3. 2000- Mid term review of NCS 2001- National Environment Action Plan cover 4 programme areas clean air, clean water, waste management, and ecosystem management. 2000- IEE/EIA review regulations 2001- revised NEQS Rules 2001-SMART Rules 2001- PSDFB Rules 2003- Hazardous Substance Rules 2005- Hospital waste management Rules
- 4. 2005- National Environmental Policy of Pakistan Sectoral issues- 8 sectors Cross-sectoral issues- 6 issues 2006- Green Industry Programme- Self Monitoring and Reporting Tools 2007- Second phase of NEAP-SP started. 2009- National Year of Environment 2010- after 18th Amendment in the Consitution of 1973 2011- 18th amendment implemented in 2011 and provinces developed their own environmental protection acts.
- 5. Govt. Institutions at Provincial Level 1987- Punjab Environmental Protection Department 1989- EPA Sindh 1992- KPK-EPA 1995- Baluchistan EPA 2005- AJK EPA 2007 EPA NA Environmental protection sections in all planning department for environmental screening of projects District environment officers were appointed under Local Govt Ordinance, 2001.
- 6. Post Devolution Phase Punjab Environmental Protection Act Sindh Environmental Protection Act KPK Environmental Protection Act Baluchistan Environmental Protection Act
- 7. Environmental Protection Department, Punjab, 2012 Policy on Controlling Smog, 2017