The document discusses environmental legislation in Pakistan. It outlines that the 1973 constitution included environmental pollution and ecology in the concurrent legislative list, empowering both national and provincial governments to create laws. Key pieces of legislation mentioned include the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act of 1997, which established the Pakistan Environmental Protection Council and provincial environmental protection agencies. The act also defines regulations around industrial effluents and emissions. National environmental quality standards were established in 1993 to govern areas like water, air, and noise pollution.

1. Environmental Legislations In
Pakistan

2. Prepared By
Raheela Shabbir &
Aneela Undleeb

3. Policy Framework
• The 1973 Constitution of Pakistan had
included the subject of Environmental
Pollution and Ecology in the concurrent
legislative list. The parliament and provincial
governments were empowered to formulate
necessary laws under Article 142
• Government of Pakistan (GOP) has
announced the National Environmental Policy
in the year 2005

4. Institutional Setup
• PEPC (Pakistan Environmental Protection Council), it
was established in 1998, under the provisions of
Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA), 1997.
• Environmental Protection Agencies has been
established at the federal level as well as provincial
level.
 National Environmental Coordination Committee
Pak EPA has established the National Environmental
Coordination Committee dated 24 December 1998.

5. Legislative Framework
• PEPO (Pakistan Environmental Protection
Ordinance) had been enforced in the year
1983
• Pak EPA with prior approval of the PEPC,
established and issued NEQS dated 24
August 1993. These NEQS were related to
municipal and liquid industrial effluents,
industrial gaseous emissions and motor
vehicle exhaust and noise

6. Conti…
• Pakistan National Conservation Strategy (PNCS), 1992 was
prepared jointly by the Federal Ministry of Environment and
the Conservation Union (IUCN).
 Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, (PEPA) 1997 stands
at the apex of statutory law on environmental issues in
Pakistan
 Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) for Pakistan was prepared in
2000
 To resettle and compensate people displaced by the
development projects, the GOP has issued the Project
Implementation and Resettlement of Affected Persons
Ordinance, 2001

7. Sector wise legislation
1 Environmental
protection
The Pakistan Penal Code (1860)
Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997
2 Land use The Land Improvement Loans Act (1883)
The West Pakistan Agricultural Pests Ordinance (1959) and Rules (1960)
The Sindh Local Government Ordinance
The Sindh Salinity Control and Reclamation Act (1988).
he Regulation of Mines and Oil-Fields and Mineral Development (Government
Control) Act, 1946.
3 Water quality and
resources
The Pakistan Penal Code (1860)
The Canal and Drainage Act (1873)
The Factories Act (1934)
The Sindh Local Government Ordinance (1979/80)
On-Farm Water Management and Water Users’ Associations Ordinance (1981)
Indus River Water Apportionment Accord (1991)
4 Air quality The Pakistan Penal Code (1860)
The Factories Act (1934)
The Motor Vehicles Ordinance (1965) and Rules (1969)
The Sindh Local Government Ordinance (1979/80)
5 Noise The West Pakistan Regulation and Control of Loudspeakers and Sound
Amplifiers Ordinance (1965)
The Motor Vehicle Ordinance (1965) and Rules (1969)
NEQS, 2000

8. Sector wise legislation
6 Toxic or
hazardous
substance
The Pakistan Penal Code (1890)
The Explosives Act (1884)
The Factories Act (1934)
The Agricultural Pesticides Ordinance (1971) and Rules (1973)
7 Solid wastes
and effluents
The Factories Act (1934)
The Sindh Local Government Ordinance (1979/80)Pakistan
Environmental Protection Act, 1997
8 Forest
conservation
The Forest Act (1927)
The West Pakistan Firewood and Charcoal (Restrictions) Act (1964)
The Cutting of Trees (Prohibition) Act (1975)
The Sindh Management of Protected Forests Rules (1975)
The Sindh Local Government Ordinance (1979/80)
The Sindh Forest Development Corporation Ordinance (1980)
9 Parks and
wildlife
conservation
protection
The West Pakistan Ordinance (1959)
The Sindh Wildlife (Protection Preservation Conservation and
Management) Act (1975) and Rules (1976)
Sindh Local Government Ordinance (1979/80)Export and Control
Order (1982)

9. PAKISTAN ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION ACT 1997
The PEPA’ 1997 provides
• The framework for implementation of
NCS
• Establishment of Provincial Sustainable
development Funds
• Protection and Conservation of species
• Conservation of renewable resources
• Establishment of Environmental
Tribunals and appointment of
Environmental Magistrates
• Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)
• Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA)
http://hmazeem.blogspot.com/2013/05/pakistan-environmental-protection-act.html

10. PEPA 1997
Section 11:Prohibition of Certain Discharges or
Emissions
o Subsection 1:
o Under the provisions of this Act:
“The rules and regulations made there under no person
shall discharge or emit or allow the discharge or
emission of any effluent or waste or air pollutant or
noise in an amount which is in excess of NEQS
Standards”
NEQs which are established under sub-clause (i) of
clause (g) of sub-section (1) of section 6.

11. PEPA 1997
Section15: Regulation of Motor Vehicles
o Sub section (1)
“Subject to the provisions of this Act and the rules and
regulations made there under, no person shall operate a
motor vehicle from which air pollutants or noise are
being emitted in an amount, concentration or level which
is in excess of the National Environmental Quality
Standards”
OR
“where applicable the standards established under clause
(g) of sub-section (1) of section 6”
PEPA 1997 (Guzzete I)

12. PEPA 1997
Section16: Environmental Protection Order
Subsection(1)
Where the Federal Agency or a Provincial Agency
is satisfied that the discharge or emission of any
effluent, waste, air pollutant or noise, or the
disposal of waste, or the handling of hazardous
substances, or any other act or omission is likely
to occur, or is occurring or has occurred in
violation of the provisions of this Act,

13. Section 16 Conti….
Federal Agency may, by order direct such
person to take such measures that the
Federal Agency or Provincial Agency may
consider necessary within such period as
may be specified in the order.
 such measures may be included in
clauses (a), (b), (c), (d) of subsection 2 of
section 16

14. PEPA 1997
Section (13) Prohibition of Import of
Hazardous Waste
“No person shall import hazardous waste
into Pakistan and its territorial waters,
Exclusive Economic Zone and historic
waters”