The Water Protection Act 1974 was enacted to provide for the prevention and control of water pollution in India. It established central and state pollution control boards with powers to regulate pollution. The Act applies to several states and union territories. The Central Pollution Control Board advises the central government on water pollution prevention and assists state boards. State boards implement policies at the state level and regulate industries through consent and standards. Major programs initiated under the Act include the Ganga Action Plan to restore the Ganga river and its tributaries through wastewater treatment in cities and towns located along the rivers.

1. Water Protection Act 1974
MBA Integrated 4th semester
2017-2018
Presented by:-
Pawan Singh Raikhola (1664880012)
3 December 2018
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2. What is it for?????
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An Act to provide for the prevention and control of water
pollution and the maintaining or restoring of wholesomeness
of water, for the establishment , with a view to carrying out
the purposes of boards for the prevention and control of
water pollution, for conferring on and assigning to such with
board powers and functions relating there to and for matters
connected there with.

3. Features Of Act
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• It provides for maintenance and restoration of quality of all
types of surface and ground water.
•It provides for the establishment of central and state boards
of pollution control.
•It confers them with powers and functions to control
pollution.
•It has provision for funds, budgets, accounts and audit of the
central and state pollution control boards.
•It also makes provision for various penalties for the
defaulters and procedure for the same

4. Application and Commencement
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• It applies in the first instance to the whole of the states of
Assam, Gujarat, Haryana, Himanchal Pradesh, Jammu and
Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan
and West Bengal and the Union Territories.

5. Central Pollution Control Board
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•It is the main governmental organization at central level for
prevention and control of water pollution.

6. CPCB’S OBJECTIVES
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• It Advises the central government in matters related to
prevention and control of water pollution.
• All the state pollution control boards (SPCBs) are guided
and technically assisted by CPCB.
• It organizes training programs for prevention and control of
pollution at various places (seminars).

7. Continued……
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• It also organizes comprehensive programs on pollution
related issues through mass media.
• It collects, compiles and publishes technical and statistical
data related to pollution.
• It prepares manuals for treatment and disposal of sewage
and trade effluents.
• Lays down standards for water quality parameters.

8. Continued…….
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• It plans nation-wide programs for prevention, control of
pollution.
• It establishes and recognizes laboratories for analysis of
water, sewage or trade effluent samples.

9. State Pollution Control Board
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• The State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) also have
similar functions to be executed at state level and are
governed by the directions of CPCB.

10. SPCB’S Objectives
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• The board advices the state government with respect to the
locations of any industry that might pollute a stream, well or
any water body.
•It lays down standard for effluents and is empowered to
take samples from any stream, well or trade effluent or
sewage passing through an industry.
•The board suggests efficient methods for utilization,
treatment and disposal of trade effluents.

11. Identification Of Polluted Water Bodies
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•CPCB identified 10 polluted stretches for prioritizing
pollution control efforts in 1988-1989.
•The number of stretches increased to 37 during 1992-1993.
•The list is now revised to include 86 stretches.
•The concerned State Pollution Control Boards were asked to
take adequate measures to restore the desired level.

12. River Action Plan
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•CPCB identified polluted water bodies, which leads to
formulation of action plan for restoration of the water body.
•Based on CPCB’s Recommendations, Ganga Action Plan was
Launched in 1986 to restore the Ganga by interception,
diversion and treatment of wastewater from 27 cities/towns
located along the river.
•Based on the experience gained during implementation of
the Ganga Action Plan, Govt. of India extends river cleaning
program to other rivers and lakes.

13. Water Pollution Control Strategy
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• Urban sources – National River Action Plan.
• Industrial Sources – Through consent (SPCB).
• Special Drives: 17 categories of industries.
• Industries discharging into rivers and lakes.
• 24 Problem Areas Action Plan.
• Environmental Auditing.
• Common effluent treatment plants for cluster of SSI
units(124).
• Promotion of low-waste and no-waste technology.

14. How did GAP came into being?
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•Department of Environment, in December 1984, prepared an
action plan for immediate reduction of polluted load on the
river Ganga. The Cabinet Approved the GAP (Ganga Action
Plan) in April 1985 as a 100 percent centrally sponsored
scheme.

15. Changes in GAP
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• To oversee the implementation of the GAP and to lay down
policies and programmes, Government of India constituted
the CGA (Central Ganga Authority) in February 1985,
renamed as the NRCA (National River Conservation
Authority) in September 1995, under the chairmanship of
Prime Minister.
•The Government also established the GPD (Ganga Project
Directorate) in June 1985 as a wing of the guidance and
supervision of the CGA.
•The Government renamed the GPD as the NRCD (National
River Conservation Directorate) in June 1994.

16. GAP 1
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• The GAP-1 intercept, divert and treat 882 mld (Million
Litres per day) out of 1340 mld of wastewater, generated in 25
towns in 3 states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal.
The NRCD has scheduled the GAP-1 for the completion by
March 1990, but extended it progressively up to March 2000.
While the GAP-1 was still in progress, the CGA (Controller
General of Account) decided in February 1991 to take up the
GAP-2, covering the following pollution works:
(a) On the tributaries of river Ganga, Yamuna, Damodar and
Gomati.
(b) In 25 towns left out in Phase-1.
(C) In the other polluting towns along the river.

17. GAP-2
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• The CCEA (Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs)
approved the GAP-2 in various stages during April 1993 to
October 1996. The States of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West
Bengal, Delhi and Haryana were to implement the GAP-2 by
treating 1912 mld of sewage. GAP-2 is scheduled for
completion by December 2001

18. Financial Profile…
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• Approved outlays for the GAP-1 and the GAP-2 were Rs
462.04 Crore and Rs 1276.25 Crore respectively. The Central
Government was to bear the entire expenditure on schemes
under the GAP-1, and to share it equally with the States in
the GAP-2. The Government of India decided in November
1998 to bear the entire expenditure on schemes from April
1997, as the States found it difficult to provide their
matching share.

19. Selection Of Towns
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20. Experience From Industries
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• High Organic load – Distillers.
• High TDS – Pharmaceuticals, Pesticides, Rayon, Dye and
Dye intermediates.
• Small Scale industries – location (residential areas),
inadequate resources, skill etc.

21. Conclusion…..
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•Obtaining future supplies of freshwater will be an
environmental challenge.
•With expanding population and increasing water usage, this
Act is approaching conditions of widespread scarcity.
•Water pollution is already harming freshwater around the
world.

22. 3 December 201822
For Paying Attention