The document discusses environmental ethics and possible solutions to environmental problems. It provides three views on environmental ethics: the libertarian view focuses on equal rights for all human and non-human members; the ecological view sees nature as having its own mechanisms for functioning; and the conservation view sees nature as having instrumental value for human utility. It also discusses disparities between developed and developing countries and identifies population growth, wasteful resource use, poverty, and failure to include environmental costs in market prices as key causes of problems. Three proposed solutions are to rely more on renewable energy, protect biodiversity, and help sustain natural chemical cycles.

1. ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS:
ISSUES AND POSSIBLE SOLLUTIONS
VETERINARY COLLEGEANDRESEARCH
INSTITUTENAMAKKAL.
BY
RAVI MOHAN SHUKLA,
BVN14055.
TAMILNADU VETERINARY ANDANIMALSCIENCES UNIVERSITY

2. What is Environmental Science?
 The Environment is everything around us. It
includes all the living and none living things we interact
with.
Environmental Science is an interdisciplinary study
of how humans interact with things. It involves
natural sciences (chemistry, biology, ecology,
geology, physics)
 social sciences (geography, economics, political
science, anthropology, and demography)
humanities (philosophy, and ethics).

3. What do we learn in Environmental
Science?
How nature
works
How to deal with environmental problems
How to live more
sustainably
How we affect theenvironment
How the environment
affects us

4. ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS
Ethics is a part of philosophy and guide us follow
righteous path which is in the larger interest of the
society as a whole.
Environmental ethics is related
to environmental philosophy
and defines what is right
and wrong at ecological level.
It is more a moral binding
than legal compulsions.

5. Modern philosophy on environmental
ethics has evolved in the second half of
twentieth century.
Population explosion, environmental
degradation, resource crisis etc problems drew
the attention towards the environmental
concerns.
However, it also raised some challenges
while deciding environmental ethics in
contemporary situation.

6. •Disparity among society, nations and region;
basic right to procure the resources for daily
livelihood; right to access to resources etc were
the key challenges in designing environmental
ethics.
• This has led to different views on
environmental ethics. And this also led to
formulation of different as led to different
approaches on environmental ethics.

7. Individuals Matter: Aldo Leopold’s
Environmental Ethics
•Humans should protect nature, not conquer
it
•Helped found U.S. Wilderness Society
– Leader of conservation/environmental movements
•“A thing is right when it tends to preserve
the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic
community. It is wrong when it tends
otherwise.”

8. Aldo Leopold (1887-1948)
Inspired the environmental and
conservation movement with his book:
A Sand County Almanac (1949)
Main focus is that individuals matter and are
apart of nature not removed from nature.

9. THREE VIEWS ON
ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS
1.LIBERTARIAN VIEW
2.ECOLOGICAL VIEW
3.CONSERVATION VIEW
1)LIBERTARIAN VIEW:
This view is correlated to the principle of
civil liberty. As civil liberty follows the commitment to equal
rights to every member of community, development of an ethics
to deal with men‘s relationship with land animal and plant is
absolutely essential. Social conscience from people to land and
nature is equally inevitable. It is not right to see the natural
world simply in the terms of its economic worth to human.

10. Equal rights or liberty to all human and nonhuman
members in the environment is the principle doctrine of
libertarian view.
2) ECOLOGICAL VIEW
•Ecological view demonstrates ecological
functioning.
•On ethical ground, it is believed that earth has its
own mechanism for functioning, growth and
development.
•Nature has its own purification processes and
recovery systems of life even in most adverse condition.

11. Moreover it is believed that whenever
the climatic change had taken place, it took
place within a very narrow range of region to
enable the life to recover before it gets totally
destroyed.
 This theory is in contrast to Darwinian
idea of survival of the fittest. In support of this
view, ecologist argue that there are many types
of algae that are resistance to ultraviolet
radiation,and life would continue and new life
would evolve even if the ultraviolet Radiation
posses the threat to the life on the earth.

12. 3) CONSERVATION ETHIC
 Conservation ethic‘ is an extension of
instrumental value to the natural environment.
 It focuses only on the work of environment in
the terms of its utility and usefulness to humans
Conservation is the oldest form of ethic that lead to
creation of national parks, wildlife sanctuaries,
responsible use of non-renewable energy sources,
water conservation efforts.
Conservation is therefore a means to an end and
purely concerned with mankind and his future
generations.
 Most of the international treaties are outline as
consequences of this ethics.

13. URBAN & RURAL EQUITY
PROBLEM
One individual in urban area uses several folds of
natural resources compared to that of his counterpart in
rural area has access to.
An equitable sharing of resources is real basis of
sustainable development for the urban, rural & tribal
communities.
The problem of environmental degradation has its
roots in excessive consumption rates of the rich in
urban/rural areas. As a result poor become poorer still.

14. Natural Capital Degradation
Fig. 1-9, p. 13

15. Experts Have Identified Four Basic
Causes of Environmental Problems
1.Population growth
2.Wasteful and unsustainable resource use
3.Poverty
4.Failure to include the harmful
environmental costs of goods and services in
market prices

17. PRESERVING RESOURCES FOR FUTURE
GENERATION
There are two conditions necessary:
1.Reduction in ecological foot print in the
developed world.
2.To secure satisfactory quality of life for all.
The cities must become less auto based &
more resource dependent. This may need resource
intense life style such as recycling of renewable energy,
low cost housing, co-operative housing and use of public
transport.

18. •Ecological footprint: The amount of
biologically productive land and water needed
to provide the people in a region with
indefinite supply of renewable resources, and
to absorb and recycle wastes and pollution

20. DISPARITY BETWEEN DEVELOPED &
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
S.N
O
PARAMETER DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
1. Population About 80% of world
population live here
About 20% of world
population live here
2. Poverty status 60% are poor 10 to 15% are poor
3. Population growth 4.97 billions 1.18 billions
4. Longevity Less than 50 years Above 71 years
5. Countries China, India, Africa, Latin
America, South east asia.
USA, Canada, West
European Countries,
Australia, Newzealand,
Japan, Singapore.
6. Child death Very large Standard
7. Material
consumption
Very low Very high

21. POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
Fig. 25-10, p. 670

22. Different Views about Environmental
Problems and Their Solutions
•Environmental ethics: what is right and wrong with how
we treat the environment
•Planetary management worldview
– We are separate from and in charge of nature
•Stewardship worldview
– Manage earth for our benefit with ethical responsibility to be
stewards
•Environmental wisdom worldview
– We are part of nature and must engage in sustainable use

23. Environmental Worldviews
■ Resources are limited and
should not be wasted.
Environmental Wisdom
■ We are a part of and totally
dependent on nature, and
nature exists for all species.
■ We should encourage earth-
sustaining forms of economic
growth and discourage earth-
degrading forms.
■ Our success depends on
learning how nature sustains
itself and integrating such
lessons from nature into the
ways we think and act.
Stewardship
■ We have an ethical
responsibility to be caring
managers, or stewards, of the
earth.
■ We will probably not run out
of resources, but they should
not be wasted.
■ We should encourage
environmentally beneficial forms
of economic growth and
discourage environmentally
harmful forms.
■ Our success depends on how
well we manage the earth's life-
support systems for our benefit
and for the rest of nature.
Stepped Art
Planetary Management
■ We are apart from the rest of
nature and can manage nature
to meet our increasing needs
and wants.
■ Because of our ingenuity and
technology, we will not run out
of resources.
■ The potential for economic
growth is essentially unlimited.
■ Our success depends on
how well we manage the
earth's life- support systems
mostly for our benefit.
Fig. 25-2, p. 663

24. THREE POSSIBLE SOLLUTIONS

25. Solutions
Where we are currently
•Current Emphasis
•Pollution cleanup
•Waste Disposal
•Protecting Species
•Environmental
Degradation
•Increasing Resource
Use
•Population Growth
•Damaging Natural
Where we need to be
•Sustainability
Emphasis
•Pollution Prevention
•Waste Prevention
•Protecting Habitat
•Environmental
Restoration
•Less Resource waste
•Population
Stabilization
•Protecting Natural
Capital

26. Three Big Ideas
1.We could rely more on renewable
energy from the sun, including indirect forms
of solar energy such as wind and flowing
water, to meet most of our heating and
electricity needs.

27. Three Big Ideas
2.We can protect biodiversity by
preventing the degradation of the earth’s
species, ecosystems, and natural processes,
and by restoring areas we have degraded.

28. Three Big Ideas
3.We can help to sustain the earth’s
natural chemical cycles by reducing our
production of wastes and pollution, not
overloading natural systems with harmful
chemicals, and not removing natural
chemicals faster than those chemical cycles
can replace them.

29. We only have one EARTH.
Should we protect it?
You decide.