By reading this PDF one can understand the concepts and components of sustainability and sustainable development. It also discuss about the visions and ethics of sustainability. Further, it talks about the vision and mission of Bruntland commission and its role in sustainable development goals.
By reading this PDF one can understand the concepts and components of sustainability and sustainable development. It also discuss about the visions and ethics of sustainability. Further, it talks about the vision and mission of Bruntland commission and its role in sustainable development goals.
First Lecture delivered under the course - Poverty and Environment taught at the Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
The multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies and natural resources Maitry Agrawal
The multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies and natural resources presentation will help you in knowing the actual meaning of environmental studies and it's scope and importance in layman's language. we will be also discussing about natural resources, types, individual's role in conservation of natural resources and sustainability.
First Lecture delivered under the course - Poverty and Environment taught at the Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
The multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies and natural resources Maitry Agrawal
The multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies and natural resources presentation will help you in knowing the actual meaning of environmental studies and it's scope and importance in layman's language. we will be also discussing about natural resources, types, individual's role in conservation of natural resources and sustainability.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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3. Environmental science is a
study of connections in nature
• Environment includes all living and nonliving
things with which an organism interacts.
• Environmental science studies how the earth
works, our interaction with the earth, and ways to
deal with environment problems and live more
sustainably.
• Ecology studies relationships between living
organisms, and their interaction with the
environment.
• Environmentalism is a social movement dedicated
to protecting life support systems for all species.
4. Nature’s survival strategies follow
three principles of sustainability
1. Life depends on solar energy.
2. Biodiversity provides natural
services.
3. Chemical/nutrient cycling means that
there is little waste in nature.
6. Sustainability has certain key
components
• Life depends on natural capital, natural
resources and natural services.
• Many human activities can degrade
natural capital.
• Solutions are being found and
implemented.
• Sustainability begins at personal and local
levels.
8. Fig. 1-3, p. 9
Natural Capital
Solar
energy
Air
Air purification
Climate control
UV protection
(ozone layer) Life
(biodiversity)
Water Population
control
Pest
control
Waste treatment
Nonrenewable
minerals
(iron, sand)
Soil Land
Soil renewal Food production
Nutrient
recycling
Nonrenewable
energy
(fossil fuels)
Natural resources
Natural services
Natural Capital = Natural Resources + Natural Services
Renewable
energy (sun,
wind, water
flows)
Water purification
10. Fig. 1-4, p. 10
Organic
matter in
animals
Dead
organic
matter
Organic
matter
in plants
Decomposition
Inorganic
matter in soil
11. Some resources are renewable
and some are not
• Humans depend on resources to meet our needs.
• A perpetual resource is continuously renewed and
expected to last (e.g. solar energy).
• A renewable resource is replenished in days to
several hundred years through natural processes.
• Sustainable yield is the highest rate at which a
renewable and non-renewable resource can be
used indefinitely without reducing its available
supply.
12. Some resources are renewable
and some are not
• Some resources are not renewable.
– Nonrenewable resources exist in fixed
quantities.
– Exhaustible energy (e.g. coal and oil).
– Metallic minerals (e.g. copper and aluminum).
– Nonmetallic minerals (e.g. salt and sand).
• Sustainable solutions: Reduce, reuse,
recycle.
13. Rich and poor countries have
different environmental impacts
• Developed countries include the high
income ones
– e.g. United States, Canada.
• Developing countries include the low
income ones
– e.g. China, India.
14. HOW ARE OUR ECOLOGICAL
FOOTPRINTS AFFECTING THE
EARTH?
Section 1-2
15. We are living unsustainably
• Environmental, or natural capital,
degradation is occurring.
• We have solutions to these problems that
can be implemented.
17. Fig. 1-5, p. 11
Natural Capital Degradation
Degradation of Normally Renewable Natural Resources
Climate
change
Shrinking
forests
Air pollution
Decreased
wildlife
habitats
Species
extinction
Soil erosion
Water
pollution
Declining
ocean fisheries
Aquifer
depletion
18. Pollution comes from a number
of sources
• Point sources are single, identifiable
sources
• Nonpoint sources are dispersed and often
difficult to identify .
• We can clean up pollution or prevent it.
• Pollution cleanup is usually more
expensive and less effective.
• Pollution prevention reduces or eliminates
the production of pollutants.
19. The tragedy of the commons: overexploiting
shared renewable resources
• In 1968, the biologist Garrett Hardin called
the degradation of openly shared
resources the tragedy of the commons.
• Reducing degradation.
– Reduce use by government regulations.
– Shift to private ownership.
20. Ecological footprints: our
environmental impacts
• Ecological footprint is the amount of
biologically productive land and water
needed to supply a person or country with
renewable resources and to recycle the
waste and pollution produced by such
resource use.
• Per capita ecological footprint is the
average ecological footprint of an
individual in a given country or area.
21. Ecological footprints: our
environmental impacts
• Ecological deficit means the ecological
footprint is larger than the biological
capacity to replenish resources and
absorb wastes and pollution.
• Humanity is living unsustainably.
• Footprints can also be expressed as
number of Earths it would take to support
consumption.
22. Total and per capita ecological
footprint of selected countries
23. Fig. 1-8, p. 14
Total Ecological Footprint (million
hectares) and Share of Global
Biological Capacity (%)
Per Capita Ecological
Footprint (hectares per
person)
United States 2,810 (25%)
United
States 9.7
European Union 2,160 (19%) European Union 4.7
China 2,050 (18%) China 1.6
India 780 (7%) India 0.8
Japan 540 (5%) Japan 4.8
2.5
Unsustainable living
2.0
1.5
Projected footprint
1.0
Number
of
Earths
0.5
Ecological
footprint Sustainable living
1961 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Year
0
24. IPAT is another environmental
impact model
• In the early 1970s, scientists Paul Ehrlich
and John Holdren developed the IPAT
model.
• I (environmental impact) =
P (population size) x
A (affluence/person) x
T (technology’s beneficial and harmful effects).
26. Fig. 1-9, p. 15
Less-Developed Countries
Consumption
per person
(affluence, A)
Population (P)
Technological
impact per unit of
consumption (T)
Environmental
impact of
population (I)
More-Developed Countries
27. WHY DO WE HAVE
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS?
Section 1-3
28. Experts have identified four basic
causes of environmental problems
1. Population growth.
2. Unsustainable resource use.
3. Poverty.
4. Excluding environmental costs from
market prices.
29. Fig. 1-10, p. 16
Causes of Environmental Problems
Population
growth
Unsustainable
resource use
Poverty Excluding
environmental costs
from market prices
30. The human population is growing
exponentially at a rapid rate
• Human population is increasing at a fixed
percentage so that we are experiencing
doubling of larger and larger populations.
• Human population in 2009 was about 6.8
billion.
• Based on the current increase rate there
will be 9.6 billion people by 2050.
• We can slow population growth.
32. ?
Industrial revolution
Black Death—the Plague
2–5 million
years
4000
B. C. A. D.
8000 6000 2000 2000 2100
Hunting and
gathering
Agricultural revolution Industrial
revolution
Time
Billions
of
people
0
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Fig. 1-11, p. 16
33. Affluence has harmful and
beneficial environmental effects
• Wealth results in high levels of consumption and
waste of resources.
• Average American consumes 30 times as much
as the average consumer in India.
• “Shop-until-you-drop” affluent consumers are
afflicted with a disorder called affluenza.
• Affluence has provided better education, scientific
research, and technological solutions, which
result in improvements in environmental quality
(e.g., safe drinking water).
34. Poverty has harmful environmental
and health effects
• Poverty occurs when the basic needs for
adequate food, water, shelter, health, and
education are not met.
• One in every five people live in extreme
poverty (<$1.25/day), and more are
susceptible.
35. Poverty has harmful environmental
and health effects
• Poverty causes harmful environmental and
health effects.
– Environmental degradation caused by need
for short-term survival.
– Malnutrition.
– Inadequate sanitation and lack of clean
drinking water.
– Severe respiratory disease.
– High rates of premature death for children
under the age of 5 years.
37. Fig. 1-13, p. 18
Lack of
access to
Number of people
(% of world's population)
Adequate
sanitation facilities
2.6 billion (37%)
Enough fuel for
heating and cooking
2 billion (29%)
Electricity 2 billion (29%)
Clean
drinking water
1.1 billion (16%)
Adequate
health care
1 billion (14%)
Adequate
housing
Enough food for
good health
900 million (13%)
1 billion (14%)
39. Prices of goods and services due not include
harmful environmental and health costs
• A company’s goal is often to maximize the profit.
• Often consumers do not know the damage
caused by their consumption.
• Government subsidies may increase
environmental degradation.
• There are ways to include harmful costs of
goods and services.
– Shift from environmentally harmful to beneficial
government subsidies.
– Tax pollution and waste heavily while reducing taxes
on income and wealth.
40. People have different views about
environmental problems and their solutions
• Each individual has their own environmental
worldview—a set of assumptions and values
reflecting how you think the world works and
what your role should be.
• Environmental ethics are beliefs about what is
right and wrong with how we treat the
environment.
• Planetary management worldview holds that
we are separate from and in charge of nature.
41. People have different views about
environmental problems and their solutions
• Stewardship worldview holds that we can
and should manage the earth for our
benefit, but that we have an ethical
responsibility to be caring and responsible
managers.
• Environmental wisdom worldview holds
that we are part of, and dependent on,
nature and that nature exists for all
species, not just for us.
42. WHAT IS AN ENVIRONMENTALLY
SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY?
Section 1-4
43. What is an environmentally
sustainable society?
• Environmentally sustainable societies protect
natural capital and live off its income.
– Increase reliance on renewable resources.
– Protect earth’s natural capital.
• We can work together to solve environmental
problems.
– Trade-off solutions provide a balance between
the benefits and the costs.
– Individuals matter especially in success of
bottom-up grassroots action.
44. Three Big Ideas
1. Rely more on renewable energy from the sun.
2. Protect biodiversity by preventing the
degradation of the earth’s species, ecosystems,
and natural processes, and by restoring areas
we have degraded.
3. Help sustain earth’s natural chemical cycles by
reducing waste and pollution, not overloading
natural systems with chemicals, and don’t
remove natural chemicals faster than the cycles
can replace them.
Editor's Notes
Figure 1.3: These key natural resources (blue) and natural services (orange) support and sustain the earth’s life and human economies (Concept 1-1a).
Figure 1.4: Nutrient cycling: This important natural service recycles chemicals needed by organisms from the environment (mostly from soil and water) through those organisms and back to the environment.
Figure 1.5: These are examples of the degradation of normally renewable natural resources and services in parts of the world, mostly as a result of rising populations and resource use per person.
Figure 1.8: Natural capital use and degradation.
These graphs show the total and per capita ecological footprints of selected countries (top). In 2008, humanity’s total, or global, ecological footprint was at least 30% higher than the earth’s biological capacity (bottom) and is projected to be twice the planet’s biological capacity by around 2035. Question: If we are living beyond the earth’s renewable biological capacity, why do you think the human population and per capita resource consumption are still growing rapidly? (Data from Worldwide Fund for Nature, Global Footprint Network, Living Planet Report 2008. See www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFn/page/world_footprint/)
Figure 1.9: Connections: This simple model demonstrates how three factors—number of people, affluence (resource use per person), and technology—affect the environmental impact of populations in less-developed countries (top) and more-developed countries (bottom).
Figure 1.10: Environmental and social scientists have identified four basic causes of the environmental problems we face (Concept 1-3). Question: For each of these causes, what are two environmental problems that result?
Figure 1-11 Exponential growth: The J-shaped curve represents past exponential world population growth, with projections to 2100 showing possible population stabilization as the J-shaped curve of growth changes to an S-shaped curve. (This figure is not to scale.) (Data from the World Bank and United Nations, 2008; photo L. Young/UNEP/Peter Arnold, Inc.)
Figure 1.13: These are some of the harmful effects of poverty. Questions: Which two of these effects do you think are the most harmful? Why? (Data from United Nations, World Bank, and World Health Organization)