BS EDUCATION SEMSETER 2nd (From Sep 2023 to Jan 2024) Subject: Citizenship Teacher: Ms Sania Hayat (M.Phil.) Classes: Monday 11-12:30 ,Tuesday 8-9:30 These Are Final Term Presentation Slides ------------------------------------------- Institute of Education University Of Sargodha *

1. Introduction to Agriculture
sector
Environmental Challenges in
Pakistan Agriculture

2. Outline
Introduction to Agriculture sector and
Environmental Challenges
Economic issuses,Technology Constrains
Social Challenges,Policy and Governance
Global and Trade competition
Pakistan challenges and Problem facing

3. Introduction

4. Types of Agriculture
Subsistence Agriculture
1. Primitive Agriculture
2. Intensive Agricultrure
Commercial Agriculture
1. Intensive Agriculture
2. Extensive Agriculture
3. Mixed Agriculture
4. Plantation Agriculture

5. Subsistence farming

6. Commercial Farming
.

7. Major
Crops
Wheat
Sugarcane
Cotton
Rice
Maize
Other crops(oil seeds,bajra,Pulses)

8. Environmental Challenges
1.Climate Change

9. Pollution

10. Soil Degradation:

11.  Biodiversity Loss

12. Pesticide and Fertilizer Pollution

13. What is Economy
An economy is a social system where people and organizations
produce consume and exchange goods and services.
The economy of the country is divided into three parts,
Industry
Services
And agriculture
 Major crops
 Minor crops

14. Social Challenges of Agriculture Sector in
Pakistan
Social challenges to agriculture encompass
issues related to human interactions,
 community dynamics,
 and societal structures that impact the
agricultural sector.
 Some types of social challenges as fallows

15. Land Tenure Issues:
Disputes over land ownership and access can
hinder agricultural development, leading to
conflicts among communities.
Skill Labor Shortages:
The migration of rural populations to urban areas
can result in a shortage of labor for farming
activities, affecting productivity.

16. Gender Inequality
Unequal access to resources, education, and
opportunities for men and women in
agriculture can impede overall sector growth.
Rural Poverty:
Many agricultural communities face challenges
in terms of poverty, limiting their ability to invest
in modern farming techniques and technologies.

17. Access to Markets:
 Limited access to markets and fair pricing
structures can prevent farmers from realizing the
full economic potential of their produce.
Education and Awareness:
Lack of education and awareness about
sustainable farming practices can hinder the
adoption of modern and efficient techniques.

18. Climate Change Impact:
 Changes in climate patterns can
disproportionately affect vulnerable communities
dependent on agriculture, leading to increased
risks and uncertainties.
Social Norms and Traditions:
 Traditional practices that are not aligned with
sustainable and modern agricultural methods can
hinder progress in the sector.

19. Policy and governance for agriculture
Land Use Planning:
 Establishing clear policies for land use, ensuring proper zoning
for agriculture, and preventing unauthorized land conversion
contribute to sustainable farming practices.
Market Access and Pricing Policies:
Implementing fair market policies, ensuring transparent
pricing mechanisms, and facilitating access to markets help
farmers receive just compensation for their products.

20. Subsidies and Financial Support:
Providing targeted subsidies, credit facilities, and financial
support can assist farmers, especially smallholders, in
adopting modern technologies and improving productivity.
Infrastructure Development:
Policies that focus on building and maintaining rural
infrastructure, such as roads, irrigation systems, and
storage facilities, can enhance agricultural productivity
and connectivity.

21. Education and Training:
Supporting policies that enhance education and training
for farmers, especially in the use of modern technologies,
can lead to increased efficiency and improved yields.
Climate Change Adaptation:
Developing policies that address the impact of climate
change on agriculture and promote adaptive measures,
such as drought-resistant crops and water management
strategies, is essential.

22. Pakistan Facing Problems In Agriculture

23. Water Scarcity:

24. Outdated Farming Practices

25. Lack of Access to Credit

26. Inadequate Infrastructure

27. Pesticide Misuse

28. Lack of Research & Development
.

29. Market Instability

30. Policy Constraints

31. In conclusion
 Water management infrastructure
 Promotion of modern farming techniques through
extension
 Training programs for farmers
 Improving access to credit
 Financial services
 Promoting sustainable land management
practices
 Economic development
 Poverty reduction efforts within the country.

32. Economic Challenges
Faced by Agricultures
Sector
1.Low Farm Productivity
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.

33. 2 . High Input Costs
Underdeveloped Makets:

34. Limited Access Credit:
Prices Volatility
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY.

35. Infrastructure Deficiency
Land Fragmentation
Water Scarcity

36. Technology Constraints
Affecting Agriculture
Lack of Access to Credit:
 Poor Research and Development:
.

37. Technology Constraints Pakistan
Agriculture
Limited Adoption of Modern Farming Practices
Digital Divide

38. Outdated Machinery
Research and Development Gaps

39. GLOBAL AGRICULTURE

40. Trade competition of agriculture

41. Solution and invocation of agriculture