BS EDUCATION SEMSETER 2nd (From Sep 2023 to Jan 2024) Subject: Citizenship Teacher: Ms Sania Hayat (M.Phil.) Classes: Monday 11-12:30 ,Tuesday 8-9:30 These Are Final Term Presentation Slides ------------------------------------------- Institute of Education University Of Sargodha *

1. Pakistan Facing Problems In
Agriculture
The agriculture sector in Pakistan faces a myriad of
problems that hinder its growth and development.
These problems have a significant impact on the
economy, food security, and livelihoods of millions of
people in the country. Some of the major problems
faced by the agriculture sector in Pakistan are as
follows:

2. 1.Water Scarcity:
One of the most pressing issues facing the agriculture
sector in Pakistan is water scarcity. The country's water
resources are under immense pressure due to rapid
population growth, urbanization, and inefficient water
management practices. As a result, farmers often face
water shortages, which significantly impact crop yields
and agricultural productivity.

3. 2.Outdated Farming Practices:
Many farmers in Pakistan still rely on traditional and
outdated farming practices, which are not only inefficient
but also contribute to environmental degradation. The lack
of modern farming techniques and technologies hinders
the sector's ability to increase productivity and adapt to
changing climatic conditions.

4. 3.Land Degradation:
Soil erosion, salinity, and waterlogging are major issues
that contribute to land degradation in Pakistan. These
problems not only reduce arable land but also decrease
soil fertility, leading to lower crop yields and increased
production costs for farmers.

5. 4.Lack of Access to Credit:
Small-scale farmers in Pakistan often struggle to access credit
and financial services, which limits their ability to invest in
modern farming equipment, seeds, fertilizers, and other
inputs necessary for increasing productivity.

6. 5.Inadequate Infrastructure:
5. The lack of proper infrastructure such as roads, storage
facilities, and market linkages hinders the efficient
movement of agricultural produce from farms to markets.
This results in post-harvest losses and reduces farmers'
income.

7. 6.Climate Change:
Pakistan is highly vulnerable to climate change impacts
such as erratic weather patterns, extreme temperatures,
floods, and droughts. These changes pose significant
challenges for agricultural production and food security in
the country.

8. 7. Pesticide Misuse:
The excessive use of pesticides without proper knowledge
or regulation has led to environmental pollution and health
hazards for both farmers and consumers.

9. 8. Lack of Research & Development:
There is a lack of investment in agricultural research and
development in Pakistan, leading to limited innovation in crop
varieties, pest management techniques, and sustainable
farming practices.

10. 9.Market Instability:
Fluctuating prices for agricultural commodities make it
difficult for farmers to plan their production cycles effectively
and can lead to income instability.

11. 10. Policy Constraints:
Inconsistent government policies related to agriculture often
create uncertainty for farmers regarding subsidies, support
prices for crops, input costs etc., which hinders long-term
planning.

12. In conclusion
Addressing these challenges requires a multi-faceted approach that
includes investment in water management infrastructure,
promotion of modern farming techniques through extension
services & training programs for farmers; improving access to credit
& financial services; promoting sustainable land management
practices; strengthening market linkages; investing in climate-
resilient agriculture; regulating pesticide use; increasing investment
in research & development; ensuring stable policies & support
mechanisms for farmers' welfare.By addressing these issues
comprehensively can help unlock the potential of Pakistan's
agriculture sector towards achieving sustainable growth & food
security for its population while contributing significantly towards
economic development & poverty reduction efforts within the
country.