Introduction of Bangladeshi Agriculture. An overview. Importance of Agriculture in Bangladesh. Characteristics of Agriculture in Bangladesh. Dualism in Bangladesh Agriculture. Feature of Agriculture of Bangladesh. Natural based Agriculture of Bangladesh. Land ownership pattern in Agriculture. Size and composition of rural sector. Modernization or Mechanization of Agriculture. SWOT of Agriculture sector. Objectives of the National Agricultural Policy. Constraints for Agricultural Development. Supportive Measures for Agriculture and Food Security Major Development Issue and Challenges for Bangladesh Agriculture.

1. Agriculture of Bangladesh
Designed by-
Md. Niamot Ali Enayet
Lecturer
Daffodil International University

2. Outline -
1. Introduction of BangladeshiAgriculture.
2. An overview.
3. Importance of Agriculture in Bangladesh.
4. Characteristics of Agriculture in Bangladesh.
5. Dualism in BangladeshAgriculture.
6. Feature ofAgriculture of Bangladesh.
7. Natural based Agriculture of Bangladesh.
8. Land ownership pattern inAgriculture.
9. Size and composition of rural sector.
10.Modernization or Mechanization ofAgriculture.
11.SWOT of Agriculture sector.
12.Objectives of the NationalAgricultural Policy.
13.Constraints for Agricultural Development.
14.Supportive Measures for Agriculture and Food
Security
15.Major Development Issue and Challenges for
BangladeshAgriculture.

3. Introduction of Bangladeshi Agriculture
▪ About 84% percent of the total population live in rural areas
and are directly or indirectly engaged in a wide range of
agricultural activities. Agricultural contributes about 32% to
the country's GDP, about 23% of which is contributed by
crop sector alone. About 63% of the labor force is employed
in agriculture with about 57% being employed in the crop
sector.
▪ Although agriculture used to be originally defined as the
cultivation of land for producing crops only, now-a-days ,
any applied activity through utilization of natural resources
which relates to the production, development, preservation,
processing, marketing and extension of not only crops but
also other agriculture commodities such as fish, meat, eggs,
forest, products etc. is universally accepted within the
purview of agriculture. According to the above definition,
crop production, animal husbandry, fisheries, etc. are integral
components of agriculture

4. An overview
28695763
15183183
8560964.75 7406822.87
210027.92 192%
2354821.74
3847274.49
1715430.38
7930071.63
15245841.93
14.75%
Total Family Total Farm
Holding
Total
Cultivate
Land
Total Irrigate
Land
Cultivate
waste
Cropping
intensity
Single
cropped area
Double
cropped area
Tripple
cropped area
Net cropper
area
Total cropped
area
Contribution
of agriculture
sector to

5. Importance of Agriculture in Bangladesh
1. Source of Livelihood
2. Contribution to National Income
3. Supply of Food and Fodder
4. Importance in International Trade
5. Marketable Surplus
6. Source of Raw Material
7. Contribution to Foreign Exchange Resources
8. Vast Employment Opportunities
9. Source of Government Income
10.Source of Saving

6. Characteristics of Agriculture in Bangladesh
▪ Primitive Type of Cultivation
▪ Diminishing Fertility of the Soil
▪ Small Holding of Land
▪ Landless Cultivators
▪ Decreasing Per capital Cultivable Land
▪ Cultivation for Livelihood
▪ Dependence on Nature
▪ Fallow Land
▪ Uneven Land
▪ Lack of Marketing of Agricultural Produce

7. A Traditional System:
1.Typical farming and farmers are poor
2. Huge employment generation due to the use of labor intensive technique
3. Mainly family laborer are used and few haired laborer in farming
4. Contribution in GDP is comparatively small by this method
5. Main motive of cultivation is subsistence
6. Modern facilities like credit, marketing and research is almost absent
Modern Agricultural System:
1. Farming is a business and farmers are businessman
2. Farming is commercially oriented and technologically well improved
3. Use of hired laborer in the production process along with technology
4. All facilities like credit, marketing, distribution and research are available
5. Main motive of farming profit maximization
Dualism in Bangladesh Agriculture

8. Feature of Agriculture of Bangladesh
▪ Undeveloped Method of cultivation
▪ Low productivity
▪ Heavy dependent on nature
▪ Landless peasants on nature
▪ Landless peasants and farmer's
illiteracy
▪ Predominance in food crop production
▪ Subdivision of land
▪ Disguised unemployment
▪ Subsistence agriculture
▪ Share-cropping

9. Natural basesAgriculture of Bangladesh
Soil management: A common philosophy among sustainable agriculture practitioners is that a "healthy" soil is a key component of
sustainability; that is, a healthy soil will produce healthy crop plants that have optimum vigor and are less susceptible to pests. Crop
management systems that improve soil quality often result in greater inputs of water, nutrients, pesticides, and/or energy for tillage
to maintain yields
Water: Water is the principal resource that has helped agriculture and society to prosper, and it has been a major limiting factor
when mismanaged. There is no proper guidelines and management actions of water use in agriculture. But water supply and use is
very important in sustainable agriculture in both wet and dry season
Energy: Modern agriculture is heavily dependent on non-renewable energy sources, especially fossil fuel. The continued use of
these energy sources cannot be sustained indefinitely, yet to abruptly abandon our reliance on them would be economically
catastrophic. However, a sudden cut off in energy supply would be equally disruptive. In sustainable agricultural systems, there is
reduced reliance on non-renewable energy sources and a substitution of renewable sources or labor to the extent that is economically
feasible
Air: Many agricultural activities affect air quality.These include emission of GHGs and smoke from agricultural burning; dust from
tillage, traffic and harvest; pesticide drift from spraying; and nitrous oxide emissions from the use of nitrogen fertilizer. Options to
improve air quality include
Weather: Bangladesh agriculture highly dependents on the weather.

10. Land ownership pattern in Agriculture

11. According to recent statistics about 70% of the total people lives in
rural area and depending on agriculture directly or indirectly. Even the
60% of the labor force in engaged with agriculture. In rural area about
half of the total land is cultivated by the owner himself. And remaining
is used by leasing what we called "Barga". About 45% family in the rural
area is landless and working on behalf of owners. According to the
recent agri-census, 60% is of small farms which hold the 30% of the
total land. But the large farm is about 5% of the total which contains
about 28% of the total.
Size and composition of rural sector

12. Modernization or Mechanization of Agriculture

13. Strengths:
Favorable agro-climate generally prevails throughout the year
for crop production
Appropriate technologies are available for production of major
crops
Agricultural input providers ‘network exists throughout the
country
Farmers’ are responsive , innovative and adaptive to new
technologies
Sufficient workforce for agricultural activities is available
Water is available for irrigation
Weaknesses:
Agricultural marketing system comparatively weak
Farmer’s organizations are inadequate and ineffective
Privet sector investment in research and development is
insignificant
Diversification in agriculture is low
Quality control of agricultural input mechanism is weak
Post-harvest loss is high
SWOT Analysis of Agriculture sector-1

14. Opportunities:
Modern technological know-how is available for
dissemination
Scope for expanding hybrid technology exists, Scope for crop
diversification and intensification exists
Market for value added product exists
Agriculture sector has capacity to absorb labor force and to
generate income
Threats:
Environmental vulnerability (climate change flood, drought,
storm, salinity, pest and diseases, river)
Soil health is declining
Cultivable land and water resources are shrinking
Use of agricultural land for non-agricultural purpose is
increasing
Agricultural environment is degrading
SWOT Analysis of Agriculture sector-2

15. Objectives of the National Agricultural
Policy
1. Developing and harnessing improved technologies through
research and training
2. Increasing productivity and generating income and employment by
transferring appropriate technologies and managing input
3. Promoting competitiveness through commercialization of
agriculture input
4. Establishing a self-reliant and sustainable agriculture adaptive to
climate change and responsive to farmer’s needs

16. Major constrains for agriculture development include the following:
1. Shrinking arable land
2. Declining soil health
3. Wide yield gap and regional variation of crop yields
4. Inadequate marketing facilities and post-harvest management
5. Inadequate price support policies
5. Lack of adequate recourses for agriculture development
6. Insufficient investment for flood control and irrigation
7. Fragmentation of land and small farm size
Constraints for Agricultural Development

17. Major supportive measures:
1. Formulating 'National Agricultural policy, 2013', Country Investment Plan and other
important policies, acts, laws, ordinances, and guidelines for agriculture development.
2. Prices for important agriculture inputs, including fertilizer are subsidized.
3. Production, preservation and distribution of quality seeds for various crops.
4. Setting floor price for crop production.
5. Ensure access to agriculture credits al lower interest rate with simple procedure.
6. Expand the agribusiness, processing and value addition activities.
Supportive Measures for Agriculture and Food
Security

18. Major Development Issue and Challenges for
Bangladesh Agriculture
First is the issue of augmenting investment in agriculture and rural infrastructure.
Second, given the vicissitudes caused by weather shocks, there is an urgent need to
bring more area under irrigation.
Third, appropriate measures are required to gradually move away from the subsidy
based regime to a more productive and competitive agriculture system.
Fourth, to reduce dependence on imports of food items like pulses, edible, oil etc.
Fifth, Agriculture diversification and commercialization is called for to increase farm
income and of agriculture laborers for faster reduction of rural poverty.
Sixth, propelling growth of non-cereal food products to address the issue of unbalanced
diet, particular of the poor.
Seventh, adoption of appropriate policies to dampen effect on agriculture prices arising
out of volatility of international prices of food items and fertilizers.
Eighth, appropriate strategies to meet the growing demand for food as a result of
population growth and rapid urbanization..

19. Any Questions..?

20. ThankYou
Reference's -