Introduction to Linguistic

1. ENUNCIATION
EFFECTIVE VOICE AND
PARALANGUAGE
ELEMENTS
Presenter: Ana Marie Elopre

2. ENUNCIATION

3. ENUNCIATION
• The act of pronouncing words clearly and
accurately, with correct emphasis on key syllables.
• The word “enunciate” is derived from the Latin
“enuntiate” meaning speaking clearly.
• It includes saying the words while opening your
mouth and moving your jaws appropriately (as
opposed to mumbling).

4. Common Enunciation Mistakes
• Speaking too quickly
• Clenching teeth
• Dropping consonants
• Using slang
• Muttering
• Mumbling

5. Tips and Steps to
Improve your
Enunciation

6. 1.Learning Basic Enunciation Tips
• Watch yourself talk in a mirror
• Show your teeth
• Lift up your soft palate
• Keep the tongue forward and
down
• Stand straight
• Speak slowly and steadily

7. 2. Training Enunciation with
Exercises
• Go through some consonant-vowel
combinations
• Practice diphthongs
• Practice tongue twisters
• Record yourself speaking
• Practice with a pencil in your mouth

8. 3. Practicing Other
Speaking Techniques
• Vary your speaking speed
• Pause intentionally
• Speak loudly but clearly

9. PRONUNCIATI
ON vs.
ENUNCIATION

10. PRONUNCIATION ENUNCIATION
• how you say words
correctly
• act of making
sounds and
articulating words
• how clearly you say
words
• the way of
articulating words
clearly

11. EFFECTIVE
SPEAKING VOICE

12. What are the
elements of voice?

13. 1. Quality
• also known as “timbre” or “tone color”
• is determined by the combination of resonances (richness
and volume) of sound
• identifies one person from another (e.g. When you hear a
tiny, thin voice, it may be your little sister speaking.)
• is determined by the nature (the size of the larynx,
pharynx, mouth, resonators)
• is closely related to one’s emotions; is an indicator of one’s
mood

14. a. Normal Voice – natural way showing little or no emotion,
usually used when expressing thoughts rather than
intense feelings
b. Breathy Voice –also known as whisper voice
c. Full Voice – used for public speaking
d. Chesty voice – deep, hollow voice as if coming from a
deep and empty cave
e. Thin voice – high pitched; a “falsetto” quality that occurs
in extreme fatigue, weakening, old age, ill-health or
extreme excitement.
Five common voice qualities

15. • also refers to the levels of voice
• highness and lowness of voice level
Three common pitches
a. Low pitch – in sadness, disappointment,
indifference, and contempt.
b. Medium – unexcited, unemotional.
c. High pitch – in fear, excitement, or ecstasy.
2. Pitch

16. 3. Intensity
• also refers to the force of the voice applied
• refers to the effect of the sound on the ears
4. Volume
• also refer to the audibility of the voice
and easiness to follow and understand

17. 5. Rate
• also refers to speed variation (slowness and
fastness)
- slow speech – calmness, acceptance of others, and
formality
- too slow – dullness, listlessness, apathy, laziness, and
may be lack of intelligence
- rapid speech – animation, enthusiasm, excitement, and
informality
- too fast – nervousness, tension, anxiety

18. What is an effective
voice? How does
one develop it?

19. 1. Good Quality
• Should be clear, pleasant, varied, and
understandable;
• should be free from tension in the throat and
inadequate breath control or use of resonating
activities to avoid irritating voices such as
harshness, hollowness, throatiness,
breathiness, nasality or denasality

20. 2. Flexibility in Pitch
• Except on oral interpretation, acting, and role
playing, it is advisable to speak in one's
normal pitch range.
• To avoid monotonous voice, one should
change pitches accompanied by genuine
feeling of the emotion being expressed.

21. 3. Moderate Voice Intensity
• To keep the audience alive, apply
according a degree of force to a word or a
phrase
• Observe too the manner in which force is
applied to indicate a change in feeling or
emotion

22. Voice Audibility
• Volume should be soft and loud enough
to be heard and understood
• The tone and the voice should be thrown
as far as the speech and the situation will
require.

23. Variety of Rate in Speech
• To not bore the listeners, do not speak in
one particular rate too long
• This can be done through pauses and
changes in pace

24. PARALANGUAGE

25. PARALANGUAGE
• also known as vocalics
• “para” is a Greek term, which means “near or
beside”
• It considers the speed of delivery, degree of
loudness or softness, the tone of the voice etc.
• It is an important component of nonverbal
communication
• People normally use paralanguage multiple
times per day and they not even aware

27. PARALINGUISTIC
• the study of vocal (and sometimes
non-vocal) signals beyond the
basic verbal message or speech.
• was invented by George L. Trager
in 1950.

28. “Not only what you
say, but how you say
it also matters.”

29. Elements of
Paralanguage

30. Tone
• How harshly or gently you speak
• Tone can be persuasive, appreciative, sarcastic,
angry
• Different tone can change the meaning
• If someone apologizes, but they spit out the words
in defiant tone, we do not believe they are
sincerely

31. Pitch (Voice)
• How high or low you speak
• Usually high pitch shows authority and
sometimes nervousness
• Pitch variation essential and helps in catching
the attention of listener and maintaining the
interest in speech

32. Speed
• How fast or slowly you speak
• How speaking speed should neither be too
fast nor too slow
• If the speed is very slow then also it is likely
that listener loses connection
• Normally 120-150 per minute we can speak

33. Pauses
• Break you take between words or phrases
• Giving pause at the right places is important
for effective communication
• A pause, when given properly, let the
listeners understand the content properly

34. Speech Breakers
• Unneeded words, phrases, or sound you add
• Also known as non-fluencies
• Or we can say gaps
• gaps may indicates difficulty breathing and a
panicked effort to draw air into the lungs
• Speech breakers such as “er”, “ah”, “you know”
and “uh” which show hesitation or caution

35. Stress
• Which words you make important
• A speaker can change the meaning by putting
stress on a word
Ex.
Did you go for walk yesterday?
Did you go for walk yesterday?
Did you go for walk yesterday?

36. • Volume
– the loudness or softness of your vocal tone
• Quality
– sounds of a person’s voice
• Intonation
– variety, melody and inflection in someone’s voice
Other Paralanguage Elements

37. THANKS!