The document presents a detailed overview of Central Asia, covering its geographical features, climate, population, economy, and cultural aspects across five countries: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. It highlights significant landforms, climate classifications, economic sectors, and resources, showcasing the region's rich natural and cultural heritage. Additionally, it discusses the demographic trends and the ethnic diversity within the region, emphasizing the predominant Muslim population and various cultural traditions.

1. Welcome To Our
Presentation

2. Submitted to:
Bibi Hafsa
Assistant Professor
Geography and Environment
Jahangirnagar University
Submitted by:
Group B

3.  Group Members:
 Gargi Mitra (460)
 Faria Kabir (473)
 Mastora Tabassum (483)
 Md Tamjid Al Noor Pobon (493)
 Md Mosarof Hossen (507)
 Tanvir Ahmed (518)
 Rajia Akter (1951)
 Debashish Sarker (2161)

4. Topic: Central Asia
Landforms and Landscapes
Climate
Population
Economy
Resources
Culture and Society

5.  Central Asia ,central region of Asia, extending from the Caspian Sea in
the west to the border of western China in the east. It is bounded on
the north by Russia and on the south by Iran, Afghanistan and China.
The total area of Central Asia is 40,03,451 square km.
Introduction
The region consists
of five countries-
 Kazakhstan
 Uzbekistan
 Turkmenistan
 Kyrgyzstan
 Tajikistan

6. Landform and Landscape

7. Landforms of Central Asia:
Kazakhstan
Uzbekistan
Turkmenistan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan

8. Iranian Plateau:
A geological formation in
Western Asia and Central
Asia.
It is the part of the Eurasian
Plate .
Ustyurt Plateau:
Plateau in Uzbekistan and
Kazakhstan.
Lying between the Aral Sea
and the Amu Darya.
Caspian Depression:
A low-lying flatland region
encompassing the northern
part of the Caspian Sea.
Turan Lowland:
 A plains region in Middle Asia
and southern Kazakhstan.
Caspian Depression
Ustyurt Plateau

9. Kazakh Uplands:
 A large peneplain formation extending
throughout the central and eastern regions
of Kazakhstan.
Turgay Valley:
 Depression in western Kazakhstan.
Altai Mountains:
 A mountain range in Central and East Asia.
 Where the rivers Irtysh and Ob have their
headwaters.
Tian Shan:
 The Mountains of Heaven or the Heavenly
Mountain.
 A large system of mountain ranges located
in Central Asia.
Pamirs:
 A mountain range in Central Asia at the
junction of the Himalayas with the Tian
Shan.
Tian Shan
Pamirs

10. Caspian sea:
 The largest enclosed inland body of
water on Earth by area
 The world's largest lake or a full-
fledged sea.
 An endorheic basin located between
Europe and Asia.
Aral Sea
 An endorheic lake lying between
Kazakhstan in the north and
Uzbekistan in the south.
 Sea of Islands
 One of the four largest lakes in the
world
Lake Balkhash
 One of the largest lakes in Asia and
15th largest in the world
 Located in Central Asia in
southeastern Kazakhstan
Caspian sea
Lake Balkhash

11. Plateaus:
 Turgay Plateau
 Ustyurt Plateau
 Mongolian Plateau
 Tibetan Plateau
 Iranian Plateau
Depressions:
 Aral–Caspian Depression
 Caspian Depression
 Turan Depression
Mountain ranges:
 Altai Mountains
 Ural Mountains
 Tien Shan
 Pamir Mountains
 Kyrgyz Ala Range
 Trans-Alai Range
 Sarykol Range
 Turkistan Range
 Zeravshan Range
 Kopet-Dag Range etc.

12. Mountains:
 Khan Tengri
 Lenin Peak
 Jengish Chokusu
 Ismoil Somoni Peak
 Gora Alagordy
Bodies of water:
 Lake Balkhash
 Lake Aike
 Aral Sea
 Amu Darya
 Syr Darya
 Kara Darya
 Chu River
 Lake Alakol
 Arys River
 Kurumdy Mountain
 Concord Peak
 Mount Garmo
 Mount Adelung
 Mount Beshtor etc.
 Ayat River
 Karakum Canal
 Irtysh River
 Irtysh–Karaganda Canal
 Ural River
 Ishim River
 Talas River
 Chatkal River
 Zeravshan River etc.

13. Canyons and gorges:
 Aksu Canyon
 Sharyn Canyon
Peninsulas:
 Buzachi Peninsula
 Mangyshlak Peninsula
Valleys:
 Turgay Valley
 Chuy Valley
 Emin Valley
 Alay Valley
Glaciers:
 Engilchek Glacier
 Sarychat Glacier
 Diakhandara Glacier
 Fedchenko Glacier
 Medvezhiy Glacier
 Boom Gorge
 Cheleken Peninsula
 Krasnovodsk Peninsula
 Fergana Valley
 Gissar Valley
 Khatlon Valley etc.
Deserts:
 Gobi Desert
 Kyzylkum Desert
 Karakum Desert

15. The Tian Shan Saryarka Tamgaly
Landscapes of Central Asia:

16. Lake Song Kul Lake Karakul Pamir Mountains

17. Climate

18. Climate Classification of Central Asia:
Mid-Latitude Desert: The southern third of Kazakhstan, western
two-thirds of Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan and both the eastern
and western thirds of Kyrgyzstan fall into the mid-latitude desert
climate classification.
Steppe: The middle third of Kazakhstan, the western third of
Turkmenistan and most of the western third of Uzbekistan are
considered a steppe climate.
Humid Continental: The humid continental climate designation
belongs to central and northern Kazakhstan, eastern
Uzbekistan, central Kyrgyzstan and nearly all of Tajikistan.

19. Kazakhstan
Uzbekistan
Turkmenistan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan

20. Some Information
 Central Asia is typically very harsh with dry summer and a snow falling
winter along with a very fluctuating temperature.
 In high-elevation areas, the climate is mostly semi-arid to arid. In lower
elevations, summers are hot with blazing sunshine, winters feature
occasional rain and/or snow.
 Average monthly precipitation is extremely low from July to
September, rises in autumn (October and November) and is highest in
March or April.
 Winds can be strong, producing dust storms sometimes, especially
toward the end of the dry season in September and October.
 Central Asia is part of the Palearctic Eco zone.
 The largest biomes in Central Asia are the temperate grasslands,
savannas, and shrub lands biome.
 Central Asia also contains the montane grasslands and shrub lands,
deserts and xeric shrub lands as well as temperate coniferous forests
biomes.

21. Kazakhstan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan

22. Temperature of Winter(January): Temperature of Summer(July):
Kazakhstan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Kazakhstan
Uzbekistan
Turkmenistan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan

23. Population

24. The population of Central Asia is
about 7,18,47,646.
 Central Asia population is
equivalent to 0.94% of the total
world population.
 Central Asia ranks number 5 in
Asia among sub regions ranked
by Population.
 The population density in
Central Asia is 18 P/Km².39 % of
the population is urban
(28,030,299 people in 2018).
 The median age in Central Asia
is 26.7 years.
 In Central Asia there are more
emigrants than immigrants.
Country Population
Uzbekistan 3,23,64,996
Kazakhstan 1,84,03,860
Tajikistan 91,07,211
Kyrgyzstan 61,32,932
Turkmenistan 58,51,466
Population of Central Asian countries:

25. Population of Central Asia(2000 to 2018):
Year Population Yearly %
Change
Migrants
(net)
Median
Age
Fertility
Rate
Density
(P/Km²)
2018 71,847,646 1.44 % -53,863 26.7 2.68 18
2017 70,839,675 1.51 % -53,863 26.7 2.68 18
2016 69,787,760 1.58 % -53,863 26.7 2.68 18
2015 68,705,005 1.7 % -38,900 26.4 2.71 17
2010 63,156,447 1.46 % -77,600 25.0 2.66 16
2005 58,737,838 1.12 % -115,800 23.9 2.51 15
2000 55,559,337 0.78 % -390,900 22.6 2.89 14

26. Central Asia population Forecast (2020 to 2050):
Year Population Yearly %
Change
Migrants
(net)
Median
Age
Fertility
Rate
Density
(P/Km²)
2020 73,821,123 1.45 % -53,900 27.9 2.56 19
2025 78,222,849 1.17 % -53,900 29.3 2.44 20
2030 81,972,702 0.94 % -53,900 30.3 2.33 21
2035 85,406,331 0.82 % -53,900 30.9 2.22 22
2040 88,711,058 0.76 % -53,900 31.9 2.14 23
2045 91,799,568 0.69 % -53,900 33.2 2.09 23
2050 94,431,359 0.57 % -53,900 34.7 2.05 24

28. Economy

29. Economic Sectors:
1. Agriculture.
2. Industry.
3. Services.
GDP by sectors:
Agriculture
16%
Industry
32%
Services
52%
Agriculture Industry Services

30. Some Information:
After became independent, the Central Asian republics have
gradually been moving from a state-controlled economy to a
market economy.
All five countries are implementing structural reforms to improve
competitiveness.
 Kazakhstan is the largest economy in Central Asia.
The fastest growth in industry is observed in Turkmenistan.
A massive part of economy is depended on it’s resources.
A major part of economy comes from industry and service
sectors.
A few part comes from agriculture sector.

31. List of Central Asian countries by GDP:
Country GDP nominal
millions of
USD
GDP nominal
per Capita
USD
GDP PPP
millions of
USD
GDP PPP per
Capita
USD
World Bank
Ranking(GDP
nominal)
Kazakhstan 156,189 8,585 472,563 26,071 55
Kyrgyzstan 7,061 1,139 22,737 3,652 142
Tajikistan 7,234 818 27,802 3,131 144
Turkmenist
an
41,670 7,522 103,987 18,680 86
Uzbekistan 67,505 2,128 222,792 5,999 83

32. GDP Growth(year,%):
5.5
6.6
5.4
3.1
2.2
5 5.3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Inflation(year,%):
6.8
6.9
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
2017 2018
Income Per Capita:
Kazakhstan: 7,890 USD
Kyrgyzstan: 1,130 USD
Tajikistan: 990 USD
Turkmenistan: 6,650 USD
Uzbekistan: 1,980 USD

33. Export goods:
 oil and oil products, coal, gas, chemicals , crude oil
petrochemicals, gold, grain, wool, meat, cotton, cotton fiber,
tobacco, textiles, fruits, vegetable oil, garments, shoes, food
products, mercury, uranium, aluminum, ferrous and nonferrous
metals, automobiles, electricity, machinery, energy products.
Import goods:
 petroleum products, aluminum oxide, machinery and equipment,
foodstuffs, chemicals, metal products.
Main export partners:
 China, Russia, France, Germany, Italy, Greece, Switzerland,
Turkey, Bangladesh, United Arab Emirates, Afghanistan, Iran.
Main import partners:
China, Russia, Iran, Turkey, Japan, Germany, South Korea, Italy.

34. Resources

35. Division of Central Asia’s Resources:
Resources
Energy
Resources
Mineral
Resources
Living
Resources
Flora
Fauna

36. Energy Resources:
Energy
Resources
Natural Gas
Petroleum
and Oil
Coal
Hydropower

37. Some Information:
 Central Asia is rich in natural resources.
 It’s main resources are oil and gas.
 Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan have larger oil and
gas reserves.
 Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan have large hydropower resources.
 Kazakhstan has 3% of world’s oil,4% of world’s coal.
 Kazakhstan is a world leader in coal production.
 Kazakhstan also currently has the 11th largest proven reserves
of both petroleum and natural gas.
 Uzbekistan has 171 discovered natural gas and oil fields.
 Kyrgyzstan has small reserves of oil and natural gas.
 Turkmenistan has some of the world largest natural gas
reserves.
 Turkmenistan also has some of the world’s largest gas fields.

38. Energy Resources of Central Asia:

39. Mineral Resources:
 Uranium
 Chromium
 Iron
 Copper
 Lead
 Zinc
 Gold
 Mercury
 Silver
 Salt
 Manganese
 Arsenic
 Coal
 Phosphorite
 Aluminum
Zinc
Uranium Gold Copper
Iron Chromium Zinc
Manganese Aluminum

40. Some Information:
 Kazakhstan has 15% of world’s uranium.
 Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan are among the top 10 nations in
known uranium reserves.
 Kazakhstan has -
 the second largest uranium, chromium, lead, and zinc reserves
 the third largest manganese reserves
 the fifth largest copper reserves
 ranks in the top ten for coal, iron, and gold
 Kazakhstan is also an exporter of diamonds.
 Kazakhstan also possesses large deposits of phosphorite.
 Some of the non-fuel minerals produced in Turkmenistan are
bischofite, sodium sulfate, bentonite, epsomite, bromine and
iodine.

41. Coal
Uranium
Chromium
Iron
Aluminum
Copper, Lead,
Zinc
Gold
Phosphorite
Mineral Deposits of Central Asia

42. Living Resources
Flora: Siberian fir, Tatarian
maple, Allium karataviense,
Sergia (plant), Schrenk's
spruce, Niedzwetzky's apple
tree, Lycium ruthenicum etc.
Fauna: Snow Leopard, Tien
Shan Bear, Marco Polo Sheep,
Przewalski’s horse, Caspian
tiger, Toad Agamas, Honey
Badger, Sand Lynx, Sand Cat,
Onager, Marmots, Roe Deer,
Wild Goats, Pamir Casarca,
Mongolian Falcon, Golden
Eagle, Short Beak Plover,
Chough, Alpine Daw, Red and
Pearl Reel, Larks, Snow
Sparrow, Grey Wolf, Red Wolf
etc.
Siberian fir Tatarian maple Niedzwetzky's
apple
Sergia
Snow leopard Caspian tiger Golden Eagle Larks

43. Culture and Society

44. Major Ethnic Groups:
Slavic:
Russian
Ukrainian
Indo-European:
German
Tajik
Turkic:
Karakalpak
Kazakh
Kirghiz
Turkmen
Uzbek
Religions:
Sunni Muslim
Shia Muslim
Christian
Russian Orthodox
Protestant
Jewish
Languages
Kazakh
Kyrgyz
Tajik
Uzbek
Turkmen
Russian

45. Some Information:
 The culture of Central Asia influenced by Chinese, South Asian,
Persian, Arabian, Turkish, Russian, Sarmantian and Mongolian culture.
 The predominant religion in Central Asia is Islam.
 For centuries, Central Asian have made a living by raising horses,
cattle sheep and goats. Many herders live as nomads.
 The nomadic lifestyle is common in Kyrgyzstan.
 The ancient literature of central Asia is linked with Persian literature.
 It has an indigenous from of improvisational oral poetry(1000 years
old).
 Lyrical Battle is very famous in Central Asia.
 Some people of Central Asia learn to sing Manas, Kyrgyzstan’s epic
poem.

46. Foods:
Uzbek Plov, Laghman,
Somsa, Shashlyk,
Manti, Shorpa, Borscht,
Pelmeni, Head and legs
soup of sheep or goat,
Chal, Hunon , Zhuta,
Cheese somsa, Kurut ,
Oromo, Ganfan, Yak
meat, Nahud sambusa,
Gandush kuga etc.
Sports:
Football, Wrestling,
Gymnastics, Endurance
riding, Buzkashi,
Dzhigit, Kyz Kuu are
popular games.
Uzbek Plov Hunon Ganfan
Endurance riding Buzkashi Wrestling

47. Dance:
Tajik Teapot Dance, Sin
Jiang or Uyghur,
Turkoman Kirghiz,
Fergana, Bokhara and
Khorazm are well known
dance form.
Festival:
Navruz,Shark Taronalari,
Chabana or Cowboy
festival, Men’s Day,
National Horse Festival,
Kyrgyz Kochu Festival,
Roof of the world
Festival, A Drop of
Water—A Grain of Gold”
Festival are well known.
Uyghur Dance Tajik Teapot Dance
Navruz Chabana or Cowboy festival

48. Thank You

49. Any Question?