description that how entailment and presupposition relate with each other

1. Semantics
PRESENTATION TOPIC: ENTAILMENT AND PRESUPPOSITION

2. Entailment
 Entailment is something that logically follows from what is asserted in
the utterance.
 Entailment Relations And Truth Conditions:
 Either S1 entails S2 or S2 entails S1 i.e., truth conditionally related
 Neither S1 entails S2 nor S2 entails S1 , i.e., truth conditionally
unrelated
 Both S1 and S2 entails each other i.e., truth conditionally equivalent.
 Both S1and S2 contradicts each other i.e., truth conditionally
contradicted.

3. Presupposition
 Presupposition is something the speakers assume to be the case
prior to making an utterance.
 Two Approaches to presupposition
 semantic approach
 Pragmatic approach
For Example
p) John’s brother has just got back from Texas.
q) John has a brother.

4. Presupposition as a truth relation
o if p (the presupposing sentence) is true then q (the presupposed
sentence) is true.
o If p is false , then q is still true.
o If q is true , p could either be true or false.
o For example :
p) John’s brother has just got back from Texas.
q) John has a brother.

5. Presupposition failure
 For example
a. The king of France is bald.
b. there is a king of France.
 Presupposition Triggers
 Presuppositions are produced by particular words or constructions,
called presupposition triggers.
 Many of the lexical triggers are verbs i.e.,
 Factive verbs
 Aspectual verbs

6.  Factive verbs like realize , regret etc.
a) John regretted eating the banana.
b) John considered eating the banana.
c) John ate banana.
 Aspectual verbs like start , begin , stop.
a)John started smoking.
b) John used not to smoke.

7. Pragmatic theories of
presupposition
 Stalnaker argued that presupposition is essentially a pragmetics
phenomenon.
 Sperber and Wilson argued that presupposition is not an
independent phenomenon but one of a series of effects produced
when the speaker employs syntactic structure and intonation to
show the hearer how the current sentence fits into previous
background.
 Do YOU like it?
 Do you LIKE it?
 Do you like IT?

8. Thank you…